Deck 14: Interpersonal Attraction

Question 1

The need to belong,like all genetically inherited traits:

A)varies from person to person.
B)cannot be satiated.
C)is most pronounced for males.
D)cannot be changed by the environment.

Answer 1

varies from person to person.

Question 2

The _____ effect is the increased likelihood of forming relationships with the people who are physically close by.

A)loneliness
B)attachment
C)proximity
D)need to belong

Answer 2

proximity

Question 3

The _____ is a part of the brain that is activated when we are ignored or rejected.

A)hippocampus
B)cingulate gyrus
C)anterior cingulate cortex
D)fusiform gyrus

Answer 3

anterior cingulate cortex

Question 4

_____ is the feeling that one is deprived of human social connections.

A)The need to belong
B)Attachment style
C)Psychological need
D)Loneliness

Question 5

_____ is a mechanism for regulating behavior to acquire the tangible or intangible resources necessary for survival and well-being.

A)Self-esteem
B)Self-regulation
C)A psychological need
D)Self-control

Question 6

From an evolutionary perspective,loners are:

A)more likely to survive and reproduce.
B)better able to adaptively function.
C)less likely to survive and reproduce.
D)less likely to have mental health problems,because they do not depend on others.

Question 7

Studies have shown that while people have hundreds of "friends" on Facebook,they are satisfied having face-to-face intimate conversations with only about:

A)one person.
B)six people.
C)twelve people.
D)twenty people.

Question 8

Meeting the need to belong by having positive interactions with close others is associated with all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A)lower levels of loneliness
B)lower self-control
C)higher self-esteem
D)increased happiness

Question 9

Our bodies respond to rejection with a stress response that is similar to:

A)depression.
B)physical pain.
C)schizophrenia.
D)autism.

Question 10

Julie is closer friends with her immediate neighbors than the people who live several houses away.This supports the idea of:

A)the proximity effect.
B)the need to belong.
C)trait loneliness.
D)evolutionary motives for belongingness.

Question 11

All of the following are true about loneliness EXCEPT which statement?

A)It can hurt a person's mental health but not their physical health.
B)It can hurt a person's mental and physical health.
C)It can contribute to schizophrenia.
D)It can contribute to alcohol abuse.

Question 12

Clint likes to have a lot of close friends and prioritizes spending time with others over many other goals.Clint is:

A)lonely.
B)high in the need to belong.
C)low in the need to belong.
D)low in trait self-control.

Question 13

The need to belong is:

A)specific to certain cultures.
B)only important for females.
C)only important for males.
D)universal.

Question 14

Research on human infants suggests that the need to belong is:

A)specific to certain cultures.
B)not very important until later in life.
C)innate.
D)learned.

Question 15

Adults who form stable close relationships are:

A)more likely to reproduce.
B)less likely to reproduce.
C)more likely to not have a high belongingness motivation.
D)less likely to make friends.

Question 16

Research suggests that feeling socially connected to others:

A)increases the likelihood of a premature death.
B)decreases the likelihood of a premature death.
C)increases the likelihood of mental health problems.
D)decreases satisfaction with life.

Question 17

According to an evolutionary perspective,people have a need to belong because:

A)early humans who formed social bonds were more likely to survive and reproduce.
B)it contributes to self-esteem.
C)the need to belong helps prevent people from becoming mentally ill,and mental illness is maladaptive.
D)they enjoy the company of others.

Question 18

Evolutionary theory accounts for all of the following EXCEPT which observation?

A)Being ostracized helped to toughen up people against mental challenges.
B)The motive to belong is found across time and cultures.
C)Affiliation begins at birth.
D)Affiliation increases survival.

Question 19

Tuan is rejected by most of his peers.This rejection in Tuan has produced all of the following EXCEPT which reaction?

A)activation of the anterior cingulate cortex
B)a flood of oxytocin in the body
C)a response similar to physical pain
D)an increase in stress-related heart activity

Question 20

Penny is friends with Joni,who lives next door,and with Chrissy,who lives two doors down the hall.Penny is also friends with Beth,who lives three doors down the hall.According to research on proximity,Penny will probably like:

A)Joni best.
B)Chrissy best.
C)Beth best.
D)all of them equally because the distances are too short for proximity effect.

Question 21

Where might it be beneficial to have an office if you are starting a new job and want to make a lot of new friends?

A)by the vending machine
B)in the basement,separate from other offices
C)at the end of the hall
D)in the far corner of the building

Question 22

Vanessa is looking to meet a romantic partner.Whom is she most likely to be attracted to?

A)a person who has different political and social views
B)a person who has similar political and social views
C)a person who has a very different personality from hers
D)the first single person she meets

Question 23

The reward model of liking suggests that we may like someone simply because:

A)we share personality traits.
B)he or she happened to be around when we were feeling good.
C)we tend to like people.
D)we are lonely.

Question 24

_____ proposes that people like other people whom they associate with positive stimuli and dislike people whom they associate with negative stimuli.

A)Loneliness theory
B)The need to belong
C)The reward model of liking
D)Gain-loss theory

Question 25

Research suggests that people may partner with a dissimilar other if they are looking for a:

A)short-term,low-commitment relationship.
B)long-term,high-commitment relationship.
C)person to have children with.
D)long-term relationship that will not result in children.

Question 26

The _____ helps explain why people tend to like people who they regularly see because of proximity.

A)mere exposure effect
B)loneliness effect
C)need to belong
D)proximity effect

Question 27

Internet technology is somewhat reducing the:

A)need to belong.
B)potency of rejection sensitivity.
C)importance of proximity in forming relationships.
D)need to form close relationships.

Question 28

_____ is a tendency to map,or redirect,feelings for a person who is known onto someone new who resembles that person in some way.

A)Gain-loss theory
B)Loneliness
C)Transference
D)Attraction

Question 29

When asked to rate the importance of various attributes in a romantic partner,individualistic cultures rated _____ high.

A)intelligence
B)dependability
C)conscientiousness
D)humor

Question 30

Festinger and colleagues studied friendship patterns in people living in apartment buildings and housing projects.They found that people who lived on the first floor of the apartment complex and by the stairwells made more friends on the second floor,and that people who lived in houses facing a common courtyard made more friends than residents whose homes faced the street.This illustrates the importance of:

A)similarity.
B)proximity.
C)the reward model of liking.
D)the gain-loss theory.

Question 31

If we like someone,we tend to assume that he or she:

A)has attitudes similar to our own.
B)has attitudes very distinct from our own.
C)does not like us.
D)is single.

Question 32

In general,the more someone sees another person and interacts with that person,the:

A)less he or she tends to like that person.
B)more he or she tends to like that person.
C)less he or she recognizes that person.
D)more he or she will try to avoid that person.

Question 33

Monique likes John because he reminds her of her father.This is an example of:

A)mate selection.
B)mate guarding.
C)the halo effect.
D)transference.

Question 34

The mere exposure effect does not occur if:

A)people are high in the need to belong.
B)the stimulus is pleasant.
C)people are in a close relationship.
D)the stimulus is initially disliked.

Question 35

_____ is more important for friendships and romantic relationships than _____.

A)Age;income
B)Income;age
C)Perceived similarity;actual similarity
D)Actual similarity;perceived similarity

Question 36

_____ is basically a classical conditioning model of liking.

A)Proximity
B)The need to belong
C)The reward model of liking
D)Gain-loss theory

Question 37

Research in support of the idea of _____ indicates that people tend to like someone they just met if that individual resembles someone they already like.

A)gain-loss theory
B)attachment
C)trait need to belong
D)transference

Question 38

Research found that when participants were put in a room with a stranger,they liked the stranger more if:

A)the room temperature was comfortable.
B)the room temperature was uncomfortable.
C)the study was conducted in the morning.
D)the study was conducted in the afternoon.

Question 39

_____ is one of the strongest determinants of attraction.

A)Perceived similarity
B)Humor
C)Wealth
D)Perceived distinctiveness

Question 40

Kim likes the coffee shop worker who serves her coffee every morning,because that person is associated with the pleasant experience of drinking coffee.This supports:

A)attachment theory.
B)the reward model of liking.
C)the averageness effect.
D)the halo effect.

Question 41

When attractive people are being rated by someone who does NOT know what they look like (e.g. ,over the phone),they are rated as being _____ than unattractive people.

A)more socially skilled
B)less socially skilled
C)less likeable
D)less honest

Question 42

Research suggests that males are evaluated:

A)more positively if they are believed to be in a relationship with an attractive woman.
B)more positively if they are believed to be in a relationship with an unattractive woman.
C)more negatively if they are believed to be in a relationship with an attractive woman.
D)more positively if they are believed to be single.

Question 43

Jose got a bigger boost to his self-esteem when a stranger complimented him than when his wife did.This is consistent with:

A)the need to belong hypothesis.
B)gain-loss theory.
C)the compliment hypothesis.
D)attachment theory.

Question 44

Men and women find _____ faces physically attractive.

A)unique
B)all
C)asymmetrical
D)symmetrical

Question 45

Across many cultures,men prefer their sexual partners to be:

A)older than themselves.
B)younger than themselves.
C)wealthier than themselves.
D)more masculine than themselves.

Question 46

Attractive people are generally NOT:

A)more socially skilled.
B)more popular.
C)more outgoing.
D)more mentally healthy.

Question 47

Attractive people are often more socially skilled than less attractive people.This is MOST likely because attractive people:

A)are treated differently than unattractive people.
B)have higher self-esteem than unattractive people.
C)are more introverted than unattractive people.
D)compensate by emphasizing their intelligence.

Question 48

_____ is the tendency to perceive a composite image of multiple faces that have been photographically averaged as more attractive than any individual face included in the composite.

A)The halo effect
B)The averageness effect
C)Transference
D)The proximity effect

Question 49

Studies showing that attractive people are presumed to have other positive traits provide support for:

A)stereotype threat.
B)BIRGing.
C)the halo effect.
D)the averageness effect.

Question 50

Research indicates that the more nice things someone says about us:

A)the more we think they have an ulterior motive.
B)the more we distrust them.
C)the more we like them.
D)the less interested we become in having a romantic relationship with them.

Question 51

Floyd thinks that because Jennifer is attractive,she is also probably very kind.This is an example of:

A)mate selection.
B)mate guarding.
C)the halo effect.
D)transference.

Question 52

Attractive people are generally:

A)more socially skilled.
B)more intelligent.
C)higher in life satisfaction.
D)higher in self-esteem.

Question 53

All of the following are true about physically attractive individuals EXCEPT which statement?

A)Physically attractive people typically earn more money than less attractive ones.
B)Physically attractive people are more likely to be found guilty of crimes than less attractive ones are.
C)Physically attractive students are expected to be more intelligent than less attractive students.
D)Physically attractive babies get more attention than less attractive babies.

Question 54

Research showing that attractive babies get more attention from parents and staff before leaving the hospital provides support for:

A)stereotype threat.
B)BIRGing.
C)the halo effect.
D)the averageness effect.

Question 55

_____ is a theory of attraction that posits that liking is highest for others when they increase their positivity toward you over time.

A)Belongingness theory
B)Gain-loss theory
C)Terror management theory
D)Attachment theory

Question 56

All of the following are true about physical attractiveness EXCEPT which statement?

A)Infants gaze more at attractive adult faces.
B)It allows people to BIRG.
C)Over time,attractiveness remains important in keeping the interest of others
D)Attractive people are believed to possess other positive traits.

Question 57

If you find out that someone else likes you,you are likely to:

A)think less of them.
B)ignore them.
C)dislike them.
D)like them too.

Question 58

For most people heading off to a blind date,the _____ of their partner is the most important factor influencing whether they will want to have a second date.

A)intelligence
B)financial success
C)attractiveness
D)personality

Question 59

Men are most attracted to women with a waist-to-hip ratio of:

A)0)7.
B)1)0.
C)0)9.
D)0)8.

Question 60

_____ is a tendency to assume that people with one positive attribute (e.g. ,who are physically attractive)also have other positive traits.

A)The halo effect
B)BIRGing
C)Transference
D)The proximity effect

Question 61

Tanned skin is generally perceived as more attractive than fair skin among:

A)Caucasian Americans.
B)African Americans.
C)nearly all racial groups.
D)males but not females.

Question 62

The results of a study of speed-dating suggested that in actual relationships:

A)men are more influenced than women by the attractiveness of their partner.
B)women are more influenced than men by the attractiveness of their partner.
C)women are more influenced than men by the social status of their partner.
D)men and women are equally influenced by physical attractiveness.

Question 63

During the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle,women are more attracted to men who show signs of:

A)caring and nurturing.
B)power and dominance.
C)youthfulness.
D)high self-esteem.

Question 64

Men entering and leaving a university cafeteria were asked how much an ideally attractive woman would weigh.The participants:

A)named a higher weight when entering the cafeteria than when leaving.
B)named a lower weight when entering the cafeteria than when leaving.
C)named the same weight when entering the cafeteria as when leaving.
D)said it does not matter how much a woman weighs.

Question 65

According to an evolutionary analysis,in terms of mate selection,women should care more about _____ than _____.

A)youth;social status
B)physical attractiveness;social status
C)social status;physical attractiveness
D)personality;physical attractiveness

Question 66

All of the following are true about online dating and attraction EXCEPT which statement?

A)Both men and women value trustworthiness in a dating partner.
B)Both men and women tend to look for similar others.
C)Both men and women look for attractive partners.
D)Both men and women are attracted to others who share their current relational goals.

Question 67

_____ is the time and effort that parents must devote to each child they produce.

A)Parental investment
B)Kin selection
C)Mating strategies
D)Transference

Question 68

Research found that after men looked at Playboy centerfolds,they tended to:

A)see typical women as less attractive.
B)see typical women as more attractive.
C)see their wives as more attractive.
D)be more realistic about physical attractiveness expectations.

Question 69

Women are most attracted to men with a waist-to-hip ratio of:

A)0)7.
B)1)0.
C)0)9.
D)0)8.

Question 70

In cultures in which resources such as food are scarce,men tend to prefer:

A)heavier women.
B)thinner women.
C)women of different racial backgrounds.
D)older women.

Question 71

_____ percent of men who have a regular sexual partner masturbate more than once a week,and _____ percent of women who have a regular sexual partner masturbate more than once a week.

A)Eleven;7
B)Ninety;27
C)Twenty-five;16
D)Fifty;16

Question 72

Women generally prefer their mates to:

A)be slightly younger than themselves.
B)be slightly older than themselves.
C)have a waist-to-hip ratio of 0.7.
D)be in the same socioeconomic class as themselves.

Question 73

Young women experience sexual desire on average _____ times per week and young men experience sexual desire on average _____ times per week.

A)5;27
B)9;37
C)27;57
D)37;77

Question 74

Who is more likely to say they would enjoy casual sex outside of a committed relationship?

A)women
B)men
C)Men and women are equally likely to say this.
D)Research has not addressed this question.

Question 75

All of the following are true about same-sex relationships EXCEPT which statement?

A)The factors predicting attraction are the same in same-sex and heterosexual relationships.
B)Same-sex and heterosexual people are attracted to people who provide affection.
C)For gay men and lesbians,physical appearance is especially important in evaluating relationship partners.
D)Gay men tend to look for masculine traits in their partners.

Question 76

All of the following are true EXCEPT which statement?

A)Both men and women find unique faces as attractive.
B)Across many cultures men prefer their sexual partners to be younger than they are.
C)Men are primarily attracted to women with "baby-faced" features.
D)Men,more than women,prefer partners who are physically attractive.

Question 77

About one out of every _____ husbands has an extramarital affair.

A)two
B)five
C)three
D)ten

Question 78

Who is more likely to report looking forward to having sex for the first time?

A)teenage males
B)teenage females
C)Teenage males and females are equally likely to report looking forward to this.
D)The answer to this question depends on historical trends.

Question 79

In more egalitarian societies,in terms of mate selection,women care more about _____ than _____.

A)youth;social status
B)physical attractiveness;social status
C)social status;physical attractiveness
D)personality;physical attractiveness

Question 80

Once a romantic relationship begins,who is more likely to want to begin having sex?

A)women
B)men
C)Men and women are equally likely to want to begin having sex.
D)Research has not addressed this question.