Deck 15: Close Relationships

Question 1

There is an increased activation of the dopamine-rich ventral tegmental area and the caudate nucleus when people in love:

A)become jealous.
B)are rejected.
C)think about their beloved.
D)fall out of love.

Answer 1

think about their beloved.

Question 2

Relationships that include all _____ of the components of closeness are the most satisfying.

A)three
B)four
C)five
D)six

Answer 2

six

Question 3

_____ is a situation in which what each person does significantly influences what the partner does over long periods of time.

A)Mutuality
B)Interdependence
C)Commitment
D)A parasocial relationship

Answer 3

Interdependence

Question 4

When two people in a relationship see themselves as "us" instead of "me" and "you," they have a high degree of:

A)parasocial relationship.
B)mutuality.
C)anxious-ambivalent attachment.
D)attachment.

Question 5

The scholar Zick Rubin developed a scale to distinguish _____ from _____.

A)attachment;love
B)interdependence;trust
C)liking;attachment
D)liking;love

Question 6

Rhonda feels she has a close relationship with her favorite movie star.This is an example of:

A)an interdependent relationship.
B)insecure attachment.
C)a parasocial relationship.
D)a dysfunctional relationship.

Question 7

Donna follows country music star Eric Church on Facebook and Twitter.She is the total fan and feels very close to Eric.This is an example of:

A)mutuality.
B)interdependence.
C)an insecure attachment.
D)a parasocial relationship.

Question 8

When you are thinking about the person you love deeply,there is an increase in activation of the:

A)hippocampus.
B)amygdala.
C)fusiform gyrus.
D)caudate nucleus.

Question 9

One of the core elements of liking is:

A)attachment.
B)intimacy.
C)perceived similarity.
D)caring.

Question 10

_____ is individuals' relationships with people in the media: celebrities,television characters,and athletes.

A)Mutuality
B)Interdependence
C)Commitment
D)A parasocial relationship

Question 11

All of the following are at the core of romantic love EXCEPT which element?

A)attachment
B)intimacy
C)perceived similarity
D)caring

Question 12

In many parts of _____ and _____,marriages are arranged.

A)Germany;Poland
B)Japan;China
C)India;Pakistan
D)Canada;England

Question 13

Cross-cultural research found that,compared with Americans,the Chinese were more likely to incorporate _____ and _____ as part of the love experience.

A)suffering;sadness
B)joy;passion
C)happiness;anger
D)regret;sadness

Question 14

The area of the brain that shows increased activation when you are thinking about your beloved is also associated with:

A)pain.
B)fear.
C)reward.
D)memory.

Question 15

Studies show that when people are asked to name the person they feel closest to,the most common answer is their:

A)best friend.
B)age-nearest sibling.
C)romantic partner.
D)parents.

Question 16

Research suggests that bringing to mind a favorite television program:

A)makes people feel lonely.
B)buffers people from feeling rejected when their real relationships are threatened.
C)increases negative feelings toward others.
D)has no influence on how people feel after rejection.

Question 17

_____ is partners' acknowledgment that their lives are intertwined and that they think of themselves as a couple instead of as two separate individuals.

A)Mutuality
B)Interdependence
C)Commitment
D)A parasocial relationship

Question 18

_____ is partners' investment of time,effort,and resources in their relationship,with the expectation that it will continue indefinitely.

A)Mutuality
B)Interdependence
C)Commitment
D)A parasocial relationship

Question 19

All of the following are components of closeness EXCEPT which one?

A)reciprocity
B)caring
C)knowledge
D)trust

Question 20

All of the following are components of closeness typically found in parasocial relationships EXCEPT which element?

A)knowledge
B)caring
C)commitment
D)interdependence

Question 21

_____ is(are)global feelings about the nature and worth of close relationships and other people's trustworthiness.

A)Attachment styles
B)Working models of relationships
C)Romantic schemas
D)Relational self-esteem

Question 22

_____ describes an avoidant attachment style where the person doesn't feel worthy,doesn't trust others,and fears rejection.

A)Securely attached
B)Anxious-ambivalent
C)Fearfully avoidant
D)Dismissive avoidant

Question 23

According to terror management theory,close relationships help to reduce:

A)anxiety about death.
B)fear of rejection.
C)feelings of uncertainty.
D)the need for self-esteem.

Question 24

Attachment theory posits that the prototypic experience of love is:

A)the result of cultural customs about romantic relationships.
B)the young child's bond with the primary caretaker.
C)a person's desire to be in a romantic relationship.
D)established by one's first romantic relationship.

Question 25

Research suggests that generally there is:

A)very little stability of attachment style from infancy to adulthood.
B)little evidence to support attachment theory.
C)considerable stability of attachment style from infancy to adulthood.
D)a considerable amount of evidence suggesting that attachment style does not predict relationship success in adulthood.

Question 26

Roberto's attachment style is secure and Tom's attachment style is secure.Based on research:

A)they are likely unhappy with their relationship.
B)they are likely satisfied and committed to their relationship.
C)one of them will be restless in the relationship.
D)they are both dissatisfied with the relationship.

Question 27

_____ describes an avoidant attachment style characterized by a negative view of others and a positive view of the self.People with this attachment style do not appear to need closeness with others and tend to hide their vulnerability.

A)Securely attached
B)Anxious-ambivalent
C)Fearfully avoidant
D)Dismissive avoidant

Question 28

Studies found that reminders of mortality:

A)increased people's fear of relationships.
B)increased people's desire for offspring.
C)decreased people's fear of relationships.
D)decreased people's desire for offspring.

Question 29

In early research on attachment styles,Ainsworth used an experimental scenario called the strange situation.She found that about ___ percent of children displayed a secure attachment style.

A)40
B)50
C)80
D)60

Question 30

An adult romantic relationship is most successful and satisfying if:

A)one person has a secure attachment style and one person has a dismissive avoidant attachment style.
B)both members of a couple have a secure attachment style.
C)both members of a couple have an anxious-ambivalent attachment style.
D)one person has a fearfully avoidant attachment style and one person has a dismissive avoidant attachment style.

Question 31

All of the following explain the psychological functions of love EXCEPT which one?

A)evolutionary theory
B)terror management theory
C)attachment theory
D)the self-expansion model

Question 32

According to the _____,romantic love may have the advantage of helping people focus on courting and mating with a single individual.

A)attachment theory
B)evolutionary perspective
C)triangular theory
D)social exchange theory

Question 33

Attachment theory combines insights from all of the following EXCEPT which one?

A)operant conditioning
B)Freudian psychoanalytic tradition
C)studies on primates
D)developmental psychology

Question 34

A child who has a difficult time calming down when her or his mother returns likely has which attachment style?

A)distressed
B)secure
C)anxious-ambivalent
D)avoidant

Question 35

Attachment theorists argue that childhood experiences with primary caregivers result in:

A)working models of relationships.
B)parasocial relationships.
C)love.
D)social connectedness.

Question 36

A child who feels comfortable exploring the environment when her or his mother is present,and who is upset when the mother leaves but easily calmed upon her return,likely has which attachment style?

A)distressed
B)secure
C)anxious-ambivalent
D)avoidant

Question 37

Zena has a negative view of herself but a positive view of others.She is high in anxiety and low in avoidance and has intense but unstable relationships.Zena is:

A)securely attached.
B)anxious-ambivalent.
C)fearfully avoidant.
D)dismissive avoidant.

Question 38

As a child,Wen was not very distressed when her mother left the room and didn't seek her out when she returned.Wen has a(n)_____ attachment style.

A)distressed
B)secure
C)anxious-ambivalent
D)avoidant

Question 39

_____ describes an attachment style characterized by a positive view of the self and others,low anxiety and low avoidance,and satisfying,stable relationships.

A)Securely attached
B)Anxious-ambivalent
C)Fearfully avoidant
D)Dismissive avoidant

Question 40

As a child,Jacob became upset anytime his mother would leave but was always easily calmed down when she returned.Which type of attachment style did Jacob have?

A)distressed
B)secure
C)anxious-ambivalent
D)avoidant

Question 41

Support for the _____ of love comes from experiments demonstrating the misattribution of general arousal to interaction with an attractive person.

A)two-factor theory
B)attachment theory
C)triangular model
D)self-expansion theory

Question 42

_____ is the idea that people are attracted to others who are similar to them in some kind of social hierarchy.

A)Attachment
B)Equity theory
C)The comparison level
D)Assortative mating

Question 43

Infatuation is characterized by:

A)commitment alone.
B)passion alone.
C)intimacy alone.
D)passion and commitment.

Question 44

Research found that thinking about a current romantic partner reduces the need to defend one's worldview after a reminder of death,but only for people who are:

A)high in self-esteem.
B)low in self-esteem.
C)securely attached.
D)insecurely attached.

Question 45

_____ is the idea that people are motivated to maintain a sense of fairness or equity,whereby both partners feel that the proportion of outcomes (rewards)to inputs (costs)that each receives is roughly equal.

A)Attachment
B)Equity theory
C)The comparison level
D)Assortative mating

Question 46

In the social exchange model,satisfaction = (rewards minus costs)minus:

A)equity.
B)fairness.
C)equality.
D)the comparison level.

Question 47

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love,_____ is characterized by high levels of passion and commitment but a low level of intimacy.

A)romantic love
B)fatuous love
C)consummate love
D)companionate love

Question 48

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love,_____ is characterized by high levels of intimacy,passion,and commitment.

A)romantic love
B)fatuous love
C)consummate love
D)compassionate love

Question 49

The social exchange theory can be considered a(n)_____ model.

A)sociological
B)anthropological
C)economic
D)evolutionary

Question 50

Katrina likes to share things with Felix.She also feels that she has his emotional support.According to Sternberg,this aspect of a relationship is:

A)passion.
B)compassion.
C)intimacy.
D)commitment.

Question 51

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love,_____ is characterized by high levels of intimacy and passion but a low level of commitment.

A)romantic love
B)fatuous love
C)consummate love
D)compassionate love

Question 52

From the perspective of the social exchange model,we should always be looking to:

A)find true love.
B)form lasting romantic relationships.
C)balance self-interest with helping others.
D)maximize benefits for ourselves.

Question 53

Dutton and Aron arranged for adult males to be interviewed on one of two bridges over a river.One bridge was very safe and secure looking,while the other bridge was very narrow and scary.The males were interviewed by either an attractive female or a male interviewer.Dutton and Aron found that when males were on a scary bridge,they:

A)attributed some of their arousal as anger toward the male interviewer.
B)attributed some of their arousal as anger toward the female interviewer.
C)attributed some of their arousal as attraction toward the female interviewer.
D)refused to participate in the study.

Question 54

The basic components of Sternberg's triangular model of love relationships are:

A)intimacy,trust,and passion.
B)passion,attachment,and intimacy.
C)intimacy,passion,and commitment.
D)commitment,trust,and passion.

Question 55

_____ is an economic perspective that assumes that people approach relationships with an underlying motivation of self-interest.

A)The social exchange model
B)Attachment theory
C)Evolutionary theory
D)Terror management theory

Question 56

_____ is the idea that people seek romantic relationships with others who are similar to them in physical attractiveness.

A)The matching phenomenon
B)Equity theory
C)The comparison level
D)Assortative mating

Question 57

_____ is the idea that romantic relationships serve the desire to expand the self and grow.

A)Terror management theory
B)Attachment theory
C)Secure attachment
D)The self-expansion model of relationships

Question 58

The Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale was designed to assess the extent to which people:

A)incorporate their partners partially into the self.
B)desire to form lasting relationships with others.
C)perceive others as important for one's own self-esteem.
D)have strong social connections.

Question 59

According to Sternberg's triangular model of love,_____ is characterized by high levels of intimacy and commitment but a low level of passion.

A)romantic love
B)fatuous love
C)consummate love
D)companionate love

Question 60

The _____ model of love provides insights into the subjective experience of love.

A)terror management
B)attachment
C)triangular
D)self-expansion

Question 61

Research suggests that marital satisfaction increases when:

A)couples have a child.
B)people have been married for a few years.
C)couples are having financial problems.
D)the children have grown up and left home.

Question 62

According to the _____ theory,when partners first meet,their attraction to each other is based primarily on conspicuous attributes like age and physical appearance.

A)stimulus-value-role
B)matching
C)social exchange
D)equity

Question 63

Research suggests that divorce rates are higher in:

A)collectivistic cultures.
B)individualistic cultures.
C)cultures that do not value romantic love.
D)cultures that do not value passionate love.

Question 64

_____ people tend to be better able to accept a breakup and recover from sadness more quickly

A)Lonely people
B)Insecurely attached
C)Securely attached
D)Anxiously attached

Question 65

Rick puts his wife up on a pedestal,often overlooking her faults and highlighting her positive features.This is an example of:

A)positive illusions.
B)relational bias.
C)true love.
D)secure attachment.

Question 66

_____ is the idea that as partners make the transition from casual dating to more serious involvement in the relationship,they go through a turbulent period of adjustment.

A)The model of relational turbulence
B)Attachment theory
C)Equity theory
D)Comparison level

Question 67

Kim is an attractive woman,and she is looking for an attractive male partner.This supports the idea of:

A)romantic love.
B)the matching phenomenon.
C)terror management.
D)attachment theory.

Question 68

Research suggests that marital satisfaction tends to decline at year _____ and year _____.

A)1;8
B)2;5
C)1;5
D)5;10

Question 69

All of the following are true about relationships EXCEPT which statement?

A)Love and romance are universal experiences.
B)Across all cultures,love plays a central role in marriage.
C)Individualistic cultures focus more on love as a motive for marriage.
D)Collective cultures focus more on family considerations with regard to marriage.

Question 70

After four years of marriage,the happiest couples are those who:

A)have unrealistic positive expectations about marital bliss.
B)initially have negative views of their partner.
C)begin a relationship with a high amount of passionate love.
D)started out with realistic outlooks about what married life would be like.

Question 71

According to the model of relational turbulence,as partners transition from casual dating to more serious involvement,they go through a:

A)period of infatuation.
B)phase involving a lot of positive illusions.
C)period of self-disclosure.
D)turbulent period of adjustment.

Question 72

Research by Murray and colleagues indicates that people who idealize their romantic partners:

A)end up being disappointed and resentful.
B)tend to have low self-esteem.
C)are more satisfied and feel stronger love and trust.
D)have insecure attachment styles.

Question 73

Research found that people judged their partner's faults to be:

A)less important than outside observers judged them to be.
B)more important than outside observers judged them to be.
C)more important than their partner's positive qualities.
D)a barrier to a positive relationship.

Question 74

According to the model of relational turbulence,in the early stage of a relationship there is:

A)a lot of conflict.
B)a turbulent period of adjustment.
C)little conflict.
D)a high level of uncertainty.

Question 75

What two major emotions do people tend to experience in the face of a breakup?

A)happiness and sadness
B)relief and regret
C)anger and sadness
D)sadness and guilt

Question 76

_____ are idealized perceptions of romantic partners that highlight their positive qualities and downplay their faults.

A)Self-disclosure
B)Attachment schemas
C)Romantic attitudes
D)Positive illusions

Question 77

When people interpret facts about their partners in a more benevolent fashion than other people would,they are exhibiting:

A)positive illusions.
B)relational bias.
C)self-disclosure.
D)secure attachment.

Question 78

_____ is the sharing of information about oneself.

A)Attachment security
B)Companionate love
C)Self-disclosure
D)Secure attachment

Question 79

In China,the value called xiao reflects:

A)respect for and devotion to family.
B)social interdependence.
C)a desire for passionate love.
D)a feeling of duty to country.

Question 80

In _____ cultures,family considerations have more influence on choice of marriage partners than in _____ cultures.

A)individualistic;collectivistic
B)collectivistic;individualistic
C)rich;poor
D)Northern;Southern