Deck 39: Infections in Special Populations

Question 1

T and B cells are part of which of the following defense mechanism of animals?

A) Phagocytosis
B) Innate immune system
C) Adaptive immune system
D) Nonspecific general barriers

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which organism accounts for up to 45% of interstitial pneumonia cases in cancer patients?

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
B) Staphylococcus aureus
C) Pneumocystis jirovecii
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In which disease is a decrease in the number and function of neutrophils seen, including the inability to migrate to sites of inflammation, impaired phagocytosis, and reduced killing of ingested organisms, placing these patients at higher risk of infection?

A) Anemia
B) Hypogammaglobulinemia
C) Hodgkin disease
D) Hypergammaglobulinemia

Answer 3

C

Question 4

To which bacteria are people with C3 deficiency particularly susceptible?

A) Staphylococcus aureus
B) Toxoplasma gondii
C) Listeria monocytogenes
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 5

What condition is most likely to occur in patients with severe neutropenia?

A) Pneumonia
B) Bronchitis
C) Meningitis
D) Septicemia

Question 6

Patients with hematologic malignancies and those who have undergone surgery for tumors involving the head and spine may be at risk for developing

A) meningitis.
B) septicemia.
C) pneumonia.
D) osteomyelitis.

Question 7

Organisms that are commonly associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia include

A) Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B) Streptococcus pyogenes.
C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
D) Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

Question 8

The primary contributing factor to lower respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis is

A) low leukocyte numbers.
B) decrease in cellular immune function.
C) decreased antibody production.
D) increased mucus viscosity.

Question 9

What is usually the leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients?

A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
B) Diabetes
C) Infections
D) Congestive heart failure

Question 10

What two parasitic agents commonly affect patients with malignancy?

A) Giardia lamblia and Listeria monocytogenes
B) Strongyloides stercoralis and Giardia lamblia
C) Pneumocystis jirovecii and Toxoplasma gondii
D) Toxoplasma gondii and Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 11

When a child with cancer contracts cytomegalovirus (CMV), how does it manifest?

A) Renal failure
B) Pneumonia
C) Septicemia
D) Meningitis

Question 12

Which of the following immune mechanisms may be decreased in patients with malignancy?

A) Cell-mediated immune response
B) Antibody production
C) Mucous membranes barriers
D) All of the above

Question 13

Patients with granulocyte (neutrophil) counts below _____ are at a significant risk for developing an infection along with a high rate of mortality?

A) 50,000 cells/mm³
B) 10,000 cells/mm³
C) 5000 cells/mm³
D) 1000 cells/mm³

Question 14

All of the following immune defense mechanisms are depressed in burn patients, except

A) humoral defense mechanisms.
B) complement activity.
C) cell-mediated defenses.
D) IgG.

Question 15

What are patients called who have a serious disease and who are highly predisposed to infections by a variety of opportunistic bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral pathogens?

A) Elderly compromised
B) Immunocompromised
C) Defective responders
D) Extraneous responders

Question 16

The primary cause of immunodeficiency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome due to human immunodeficiency virus is because of the virus' attack on which of the following cell types?

A) Granulocytes
B) Helper T cells
C) Macrophages
D) Stem cells

Question 17

All of the following are often associated with immunosuppression, except

A) human immunodeficiency virus infection.
B) acute leukemia.
C) anemia.
D) chemotherapy.

Question 18

Postsplenectomy patients are more susceptible to infections with all the following agents, except

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae.
B) Haemophilus influenzae.
C) Neisseria meningitidis.
D) Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 19

Cancer chemotherapy does all of the following, except

A) inhibit inflammation.
B) reduce capillary permeability.
C) decrease cellular exudation.
D) inhibit neutrophils ability to destroy bacteria.

Question 20

The primary cause of immune suppression in patients with diabetes is

A) high blood glucose levels.
B) increased urine output.
C) ketoacidosis.
D) increased mucus viscosity.