Deck 18: A: Reading

Question 1

The results of Axsom and Cooper's weight-reduction experiment showed that by the end of the fifth (and last) session, subjects in the high-effort condition had lost ________ weight than those in the low-effort condition. A year later, subjects in the high-effort condition had lost ________ weight than those in the low-effort condition.

A) significantly more; significantly more
B) significantly more; about the same amount of
C) slightly less; significantly more
D) slightly more; significantly more

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Axsom and Cooper argue that the continued weight loss experienced by some of their subjects during the six months following the experiment occurred primarily because:

A) the eating plan used in the experiment was highly effective and nutritionally sound.
B) subjects continued to pursue the goal of weight loss, which had been made more attractive by the experimental manipulation of effort justification.
C) the experiment led to the formation of an "antecedent" that helped subjects follow the successful weight-loss techniques they had learned.
D) the initial loss of weight reduced subjects' anxiety about being overweight in a society that overemphasizes being thin and fit.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to the article on weight reduction by Axsom and Cooper, the factor that underlies the effectiveness of virtually all forms of psychotherapy is:

A) changing a negative self-concept to a positive self-concept.
B) expending effort to participate in the therapy.
C) learning logical, rational decision-making procedures.
D) learning to accept oneself for the person one is.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In their experiment on the effectiveness of different weight-loss therapies, Axsom and Cooper maintain that the therapeutic process is influenced by which of the following concepts?

A) effort justification
B) the psychodynamic schema of id, ego, and superego
C) systematic desensitization
D) the idea, borrowed from architecture, that "less is more"

Question 5

In Axsom and Cooper's experiment, which variable was the dependent variable (measure of the subjects' behavior)?

A) changes in the participants' self-esteem
B) changes in the participants' attitude toward weight loss programs
C) actual weight loss
D) changes in the participants' attitude toward food

Question 6

In Axsom and Cooper's experiment, which of the following pairs of variables were manipulated?

A) choice/weight loss
B) effort/weight loss
C) length of session/level of effort
D) effort/choice