Deck 14: A: Psychological and Biological Treatments

Question 1

Client-centered therapy was founded by __________.

A)Rogers
B)Wolpe
C)Adler
D)Jung

Answer 1

Rogers

Question 2

What is the primary goal of client-centered therapy?

A)to eliminate the client's undesirable behaviors
B)to help clients develop insight into their behaviors
C)to provide a caring and accepting environment
D)to develop realistic modes of thinking

Answer 2

to provide a caring and accepting environment

Question 3

What is the process by which a patient projects feelings about other individuals onto the psychoanalyst?

A)resistance
B)reactance
C)countertransference
D)transference

Answer 3

transference

Question 4

A therapist is interested in interpreting dreams and in having clients relate their thoughts without modifying them.This therapist is most likely to be a:

A)client-centered therapist.
B)psychoanalyst.
C)cognitive therapist.
D)behavior therapist.

Question 5

Gestalt therapy is an outgrowth of the work of __________.

A)Wolpe
B)Rogers
C)Perls
D)Lazarus

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE of clinical psychologists who engage in private practice?

A)They must go through a licensing procedure in most states.
B)They have an M.D.degree only.
C)They can prescribe drugs for their clients.
D)They are always trained in psychoanalysis.

Question 7

Genuineness,empathy,unconditional positive regard,and self-growth are all associated with ________ therapy.

A)gestalt
B)humanistic
C)cognitive
D)behavioral

Question 8

Insight therapies include all but which one of the following?

A)psychoanalysis
B)humanistic therapy
C)behavior modification
D)Gestalt therapies

Question 9

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by __________.

A)Fritz Perls
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Carl Rogers
D)Alfred Adler

Question 10

The major goal of insight therapies is to give people __________.

A)basic training in observational learning and practice
B)feedback from their biologically controlled responses
C)help in understanding perceptual processes
D)clearer understanding of their feelings,motivations,and actions

Question 11

The term "free association" is associated with which of the following therapeutic endeavors?

A)applied behavior analysis
B)analytical analysis
C)specific therapies
D)psychoanalysis

Question 12

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by:

A)Freud.
B)Perls.
C)Erikson.
D)Rogers.

Question 13

What type of mental health professional must possess a doctorate in medicine?

A)psychiatric social workers
B)psychiatrists
C)clinical psychologists
D)psychiatric nurses

Question 14

Most therapists today _______.

A)adhere to the psychoanalytic approach
B)adhere to the behavioral approach
C)adhere to the humanistic approach
D)do not adhere strictly to one approach

Question 15

Which of the following is a leading figure in Gestalt therapy?

A)Fritz Perls
B)Max Wertheimer
C)Rollo May
D)Albert Ellis

Question 16

What type of mental health professional is most likely to specialize in work with students?

A)psychiatrists
B)clinical psychologists
C)psychiatric social workers
D)counseling psychologists

Question 17

Person-centered therapy has its roots in:

A)humanistic psychology.
B)the medical model.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)the cognitive model.

Question 18

What technique is used when patients are asked to relate thoughts,feelings,or images without modifying them?

A)hypnosis
B)primary analysis
C)dream analysis
D)free association

Question 19

The term "unconditional positive regard" is associated with _______.

A)Fritz Perls
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Carl Rogers
D)B.F.Skinner

Question 20

Freud believed that many psychological problems were the result of:

A)feelings and emotions repressed during childhood.
B)genetic factors.
C)organic disturbances.
D)the identity crises.

Question 21

Rational Emotive Therapy classifies as a/an _______ approach.

A)humanistic
B)behavioral
C)cognitive
D)psychoanalytic

Question 22

On the door of the refrigerator is a sheet of paper with check marks on it.Every time Alice cleans her room properly and makes he bed she receives a check mark.When she accumulates 100 check marks,she can get the new video game she wants.What type of behavioral program are Alice's parents using?

A)modeling
B)systematic desensitization
C)token economy
D)negative reinforcement

Question 23

The overall goal of psychoanalysis is to:

A)make the unconscious conscious.
B)promote fulfillment of the person's potential.
C)remove symptoms as quickly as possible.
D)correct faulty thinking and perception.

Question 24

Of the following,which type of therapist would be more interested in a client's past rather than the current situation?

A)psychoanalytic
B)rational-emotive
C)behavioral
D)Gestalt

Question 25

Maureen is in therapy because she is very frightened of her father and feels tongue-tied around him.After a few months she begins to feel frightened of her therapist also.According to Freud,this is an example of _______.

A)latency
B)interpretation
C)transference
D)sublimination

Question 26

Psychoanalysis is considered LEAST useful in treating _______.

A)anxiety disorders
B)phobia
C)depression
D)schizophrenia

Question 27

The originator of rational-emotive therapy is _______.

A)Bandura
B)Perls
C)Rogers
D)Ellis

Question 28

A student finds himself hating a professor because the latter reminds him of his abusive father.In psychoanalytic terms,the student is exhibiting _______.

A)abreaction
B)transference
C)resistance
D)cathexis

Question 29

The belief that anxiety results from feelings and emotions repressed during childhood was proposed by _______.

A)Perls
B)Moniz
C)Pinel
D)Freud

Question 30

An essential element of client-centered therapy is _______.

A)a nonthreatening atmosphere
B)free-association
C)detailed exploration of the client's childhood
D)properly timed and worded interpretations

Question 31

Which method was NOT used by Freud to identify repressed feelings?

A)role playing
B)dream interpretation
C)asking a client to talk about whatever comes to mind
D)free association

Question 32

When using _______,the psychoanalyst points out connections and associations the client may not have known to exist in her personality.

A)abreaction
B)empathy
C)unconditional positive regard
D)interpretation

Question 33

Sigmund Freud believed that many psychological problems resulted from:

A)feelings and emotions repressed during childhood.
B)organic disturbances,such as brain tumors.
C)poor social interactions.
D)failure to "find oneself" during adolescence.

Question 34

Albert Ellis is best known as a _______ therapist.

A)Gestalt
B)rational-emotive
C)family
D)group

Question 35

In Gestalt therapy,the focus is on:

A)changing overt behavior.
B)becoming more aware of the self.
C)resolving repressed conflicts.
D)fulfilling personal potential.

Question 36

The time frame of which Gestalt therapy focuses is _______.

A)the present
B)the past
C)the future
D)all of the above

Question 37

Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that people naturally strive to reach their potential and lead a fulfilling life?

A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioral
C)humanistic
D)biomedical

Question 38

For client-centered therapy to be effective,the client must perceive the therapist as showing _______.

A)unconditional positive regard
B)empathy
C)genuineness
D)all of the above

Question 39

In the psychoanalytic technique of _______,the patient is encouraged to say whatever thoughts come to mind,regardless of their order or appropriateness.

A)abreaction
B)cathexis
C)free-association
D)transference

Question 40

A humanistic psychologist would most likely agree that:

A)anxiety occurs when we try so hard to live up to others' expectations that we lose touch with our own desires and feelings.
B)anxiety results from feelings and emotions repressed during childhood.
C)anxiety results from unconscious desires.
D)anxiety results from irrational thoughts.

Question 41

What do behavior therapists see as the cause of maladaptive behaviors?

A)learning
B)distortions in thinking
C)unconscious conflicts
D)discrepancy between the real self and ideal self

Question 42

The "token economy" is most closely associated with the _______ approach to treatment.

A)operant-conditioning
B)cognitive
C)humanistic-existential
D)rational-emotive

Question 43

Beck's cognitive therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of __________.

A)somatoform disorders
B)anxiety disorders
C)depression
D)schizophrenia

Question 44

Which therapy does NOT assume that many psychological problems are the result of internal thoughts and feelings?

A)humanistic
B)Gestalt
C)psychoanalytic
D)behavioral

Question 45

Systematic and contact desensitization evolved from:

A)classical conditioning principles.
B)modeling therapies.
C)biofeedback techniques.
D)operant conditioning principles.

Question 46

Systematic desensitization is especially useful as a treatment for:

A)panic disorders.
B)schizophrenia.
C)depression.
D)phobias.

Question 47

Systematic desensitization is especially useful as a treatment for ________.

A)panic disorders
B)schizophrenia
C)depression
D)phobias

Question 48

Making someone who is afraid of snakes handle dozens of snakes in an effort to get him to overcome his fear is called __________.

A)systematic desensitization
B)aversive conditioning
C)flooding
D)paradoxical intent

Question 49

What approach to therapy utilizes the principles of classical and operant conditioning?

A)behavior modification
B)cognitive
C)humanistic
D)psychoanalytic

Question 50

Arranging anxiety-provoking situations in a hierarchy would be characteristic of __________.

A)behavioral contracting
B)operant conditioning
C)aversive conditioning
D)systematic desensitization

Question 51

Psychotherapies that emphasize changing clients' perceptions of their life situation as a way of modifying their behavior are called __________.

A)behavior therapy
B)client-centered therapy
C)cognitive therapy
D)Gestalt therapy

Question 52

The focus of behavior therapies is on:

A)conflict resolution.
B)external observable behavior.
C)restructuring the whole personality.
D)finding the causes of undesirable behavior.

Question 53

Paula's mother painted Paula's nails with an unpleasant-tasting salve to stop her nail biting.This illustrates ________.

A)aversive conditioning
B)systematic desensitization
C)biofeedback
D)modeling

Question 54

In which of the following therapies might a therapist use real physical pain to change behavior?

A)operant conditioning
B)aversive conditioning
C)psychoanalysis
D)desensitization

Question 55

The first step in behavior therapy is to:

A)listen carefully to the client's description of his problem.
B)develop a detailed treatment plan.
C)explain the logic of the behavioral approach to the client.
D)search for effective reinforcers to be used in modifying the client's bad habit.

Question 56

Within a token-economy system,the solution to the problem of having to continually reinforce the patient for each correct response is to:

A)introduce a partial reinforcement schedule.
B)implement an extinction procedure.
C)shift from a program of operant conditioning to a program of classical conditioning.
D)use punishment,instead of positive reinforcement,to control the behavior on a long-term basis.

Question 57

Which of the following therapists has used modeling to treat phobias?

A)Ellis
B)Bandura
C)Perls
D)Rogers

Question 58

Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object (either actual or imagined)?

A)extinction
B)systematic desensitization
C)punishment
D)token economy

Question 59

Operant conditioning can be used in classrooms,hospitals,prisons,and industry by giving individuals exchangeable rewards for performing appropriate actions.This illustrates which of the following?

A)classical conditioning
B)bartering
C)a token economy
D)bribery

Question 60

During a case conference,a therapist says his recommendation is to use a technique based on classical conditioning that associates the client's drinking with an unpleasant stimuli.You recognize that the recommended treatment is:

A)modeling.
B)extinction.
C)aversion therapy.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 61

Which of the following is a component of community psychology?

A)emphasis on prevention
B)free association
C)the search for authenticity
D)systematic desensitization

Question 62

Cognitive models of therapy tend to focus on:

A)corrective emotional experiences.
B)changing thinking processes.
C)removing symptoms.
D)fulfilling one's potential.

Question 63

Martha and Stan are newlyweds.They see a therapist because Martha is afraid of sexual intercourse.The therapist asks Martha exactly which acts make her anxious,constructs a hierarchy of those threatening acts,teaches her to relax,and asks her to imagine each threatening scene in the hierarchy and use the relaxation technique to reduce her anxiety as she imagines each scene from the bottom to the top of her hierarchy.The therapist is using _______.

A)desensitization
B)behavioral contracting
C)free association
D)positive regard

Question 64

When problems exist between parents and children,their problems might best be handled by _______.

A)Gestalt therapy
B)psychoanalysis
C)desensitization
D)family therapy

Question 65

Aversive conditioning:

A)is a type of behavior therapy.
B)is no longer used by therapists.
C)is designed so that the person receives unpleasant consequences for undesired behavior.
D)both a and c

Question 66

Julian seeks professional help for his fear of spiders.In stages,his therapist shows him pictures,movies,and models of spiders,then a real dead spider,a small live spider in a jar,several live spiders in a jar,and finally a live spider loose in the room.At each stage,he made sure that Julian was fully relaxed.This technique is known as _______.

A)free association
B)desensitization
C)aversive conditioning
D)transactional therapy

Question 67

The therapeutic approach that most stresses prevention is the _______ approach.

A)behavioral
B)cognitive
C)community psychology
D)humanistic

Question 68

Cognitive behavior therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of _______.

A)anxiety disorders
B)schizophrenia
C)somatoform disorders
D)depression

Question 69

An important advantage of group therapy is that:

A)group members serve as therapists.
B)clients learn that others have problems similar to their own.
C)much more serious problems can be discussed than in individual therapy.
D)only one participant has to speak each session.

Question 70

A technique which assumes it is impossible to be relaxed and anxious at the same time is _______.

A)systematic desensitization
B)overgeneralization
C)conditioning
D)free association

Question 71

Albert Bandura has used _______ techniques to reduce a wide range of phobic behaviors.

A)token economy
B)rationalization
C)modeling
D)group therapy

Question 72

An important aim of community psychology is:

A)maintenance of the family and local environment.
B)prevention of psychological problems.
C)establishment of planned communities.
D)inoculation of all people with available vaccines.

Question 73

A type of psychotherapy in which people meet regularly to interact and help one another achieve insight into their feelings and behavior is __________ therapy.

A)virtual
B)group
C)Gestalt
D)response

Question 74

When problems exist between parents and children,their problems are usually BEST handled by __________.

A)psychoanalysis
B)family therapy
C)operant conditioning
D)individual therapy

Question 75

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group therapy?

A)It is relatively economical.
B)Clients learn that others have problems similar to their own.
C)Clients practice and receive feedback on their interpersonal skills.
D)The therapist does not need as much training as an individual therapist.

Question 76

Sally's therapist wants her to bring her parents and siblings to counseling sessions with her.Sally is going through

A)social skills training.
B)family therapy.
C)assertiveness training.
D)client-centered therapy.

Question 77

After Jeff is expelled from school for missing too many classes,he seeks help from a therapist.The therapist develops a contract that specifies that if Jeff attends all his classes,he will be allowed certain privileges at home; but if he cuts classes he will be subject to certain penalties.Jeff's therapist is probably a _______ therapist.

A)behavior
B)psychoanalytic
C)client-centered
D)rational-emotive

Question 78

Which technique uses reinforcement to change behavior?

A)operant conditioning
B)classical conditioning
C)aversive conditioning
D)desensitization

Question 79

_______ therapy assumes that problem behaviors are learned and,as such,can be unlearned.

A)behavior
B)group
C)Gestalt
D)person-centered

Question 80

_______ has used modeling techniques to reduce a wide range of phobic behaviors.

A)Ellis
B)Perls
C)Bandura
D)Rogers