Deck 13: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Dr.Sebasatian has been working with a group of extremely disturbed individuals.He believes that he has discovered a new mental disorder.Which of the following should NOT affect how he decides to label these new patients?

A)Will the label stand on its own in terms of diagnostic accuracy?
B)Will the label suggest an adequate treatment program?
C)Will the label describe the behaviors he observed?
D)Will the label reflect a family history of defects?

Answer 1

Will the label describe the behaviors he observed?

Question 2

__________ is an eating disorder marked by recurring patterns of bingeing and purging.

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Bipolar disorder
C)Major depressive disorder
D)Bulimia nervosa

Answer 2

Bulimia nervosa

Question 3

Gary is a 25-year-old male who lives with his parents.Most days he sits around watching television or playing video games on-line with his friends.Which criterion of mental disorders is he exhibiting?

A)Subjective distress
B)Impairment
C)Societal disapproval
D)Biological dysfunction

Answer 3

Impairment

Question 4

A key idea in the discussion on the universality versus diversity in psychiatric diagnoses was that

A)all disorders are found throughout all cultures of the world.
B)many psychiatric disorders are similar across cultures.
C)most psychiatric disorders are unique to specific cultures and relatively unknown in others.
D)psychiatric disorders found in the United States and European countries are often unknown in many African and Asian cultures.

Question 5

Jenny's son received his mumps,measles,and rubella vaccine approximately 6 months ago.Shortly after his 2nd birthday,she noted that he is showing many of the classic signs of autism.Her belief that the vaccine caused his autism is

A)an example of confirmation bias.
B)an example of hindsight bias.
C)an example of illusory correlation.
D)supported by several scientific studies.

Question 6

Haley comes into work everyday.She is attractive and well-dressed.In fact,she appears quite normal.However,she may be considered abnormal if she experiences

A)subjective distress.
B)biological dysfunction.
C)societal disapproval.
D)impairment.

Question 7

What cultural malady might Freud attribute to unresolved issues of the phallic stage?

A)Latah
B)Windigo
C)Amok
D)Koro

Question 8

Nakarra has just been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.In what area will the label be the LEAST informative for psychologists?

A)In terms of the ability to identify the causes of her behavior
B)In terms of how to treat her behavior
C)In terms of how to communicate about her behavior
D)In terms of common behaviors they can expect to observe from her

Question 9

You just read in the papers that the crime rate in your community rose nearly 450 percent over the last 2 years.What is the most likely explanation for such a dramatic increase?

A)Severe economic depression
B)Underfunded law enforcement agencies
C)Popularity of violent video games and television shows
D)A change in the way crime rate was assessed

Question 10

The suggestion that abnormal behavior is the result of physical illness describes the

A)behavioral model.
B)cognitive model.
C)medical model.
D)psychological model.

Question 11

Which of the following might be a treatment for mental disorders following the medical model?

A)The use of leeches
B)Dunking ponds
C)Burning at the stake
D)Hypnosis

Question 12

Dr.Brown has been invited to speak at a prestigious psychological conference on the topic of autism.He will talk on the current scientific knowledge regarding this disorder.What is a key point you would expect him to make based on the authors' discussion of the disorder in the chapter?

A)The apparent surge in autism diagnoses is linked to important changes in the diagnostic criteria.
B)There is an autism epidemic and psychologists have no real insights into the dramatic increase.
C)The dramatic increase in autism diagnoses is directly related to the mumps,measles,and rubella vaccine.
D)The dramatic increase in autism diagnoses is a result of overdiagnosis rather than a real increase and epidemic.

Question 13

Jessica just found out that her boyfriend has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder.As he is about to enter her apartment,he takes off his shoes.She interprets that as evidence for his condition.Who would promote this assumption?

A)Diagnostic theorist
B)Labeling theorist
C)Sociological theorist
D)Classifying theorist

Question 14

What psychiatrist has claimed that "mental illness is a myth" and that the labels used to identify the various forms of mental illness are nothing more than a means of social control?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Carl Rogers
C)B.F.Skinner
D)Thomas Szasz

Question 15

The prevalence of a disorder refers to

A)its accuracy or correctness as a diagnosis of a real mental illness.
B)the agreement among professionals about a diagnosis for a specific patient or client.
C)the percentage of persons who exhibit the symptoms of a particular disorder.
D)the popularity of a diagnosis among different types of mental health professionals.

Question 16

During the 1960s and 1970s,the government developed a policy of __________,which released psychiatric patients and closed mental hospitals.

A)group therapy
B)community outreach
C)deinstitutionalization
D)socialization

Question 17

The medical model suggests that

A)mental illnesses can be treated using drugs.
B)mental illnesses are caused by biological factors.
C)mental illness is a myth.
D)every physical illness has a psychological factor.

Question 18

Fred and George have both been diagnosed as bipolar.When Fred is in a manic episode,he paints incredible scenes of death and destruction.When George is in a manic episode,he shops until his credit cards have reached their limit.What do the differences in their behavior reflect?

A)Eclectic view of mental disorders
B)Diagnostic difficulties view of mental disorders
C)Family resemblance view of mental disorders
D)Discrepancy view of mental disorders

Question 19

Which is NOT a culture-bound syndrome?

A)Bulimia nervosa
B)Koro
C)Schizophrenia
D)Evil eye

Question 20

__________ are scholars who argue that psychiatric diagnoses exert powerful negative effects on people's perceptions and behaviors.

A)Labeling theorists
B)Behaviorists
C)Neo-Freudians
D)Humanists

Question 21

Marina has been having a lot of panic attacks lately.What can you predict about Marina's future behavior?

A)She will begin to avoid the places and situations where the panic attacks occur.
B)She will spend most of her time in the company of friends and family.
C)She is likely to develop PTSD.
D)Both A and C are correct.

Question 22

Repeated and unexpected panic attacks can result in

A)paranoid disorder.
B)generalized anxiety disorder.
C)social phobia.
D)panic disorder.

Question 23

The symptoms of ________ are often mistaken for those of a heart attack.

A)generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
C)panic attack
D)posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Question 24

A brief,intense episode of extreme fear characterized by sweating,dizziness,racing heartbeat,and feelings of impending doom are signs of a

A)panic disorder.
B)panic attack.
C)social phobia.
D)manic episode.

Question 25

Phobic disorders and GAD differ because

A)the phobic disorders are harder to treat.
B)GAD occurs only in men and phobias in women.
C)phobias are specific to one situation or object,whereas GAD causes general anxiety.
D)only phobias can elicit fear.

Question 26

What might help convince your friend Sarah,an agoraphobic,to attend the concert with you on Friday night?

A)If you tell her it is inside
B)If you tell her it won't be crowded
C)If you tell her emergency personnel will be present
D)If you tell her she can sit in the front row

Question 27

Davis has such an intense,irrational fear of clowns that he cannot take his daughters to see the circus when it is in town.Davis would be most correctly diagnosed as suffering from

A)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)a phobia.
D)posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 28

Who is LEAST likely to develop generalized anxiety disorder?

A)Paul,who just became a father this week
B)Ashok,who just received a promotion at work
C)Madeleine,who just started her senior year
D)Glenda,whose son just went off to college

Question 29

Shelby is concerned that she is spending too much of her day worrying about things that are out of her control.She often experiences disturbances in sleep and often feels tense,even in situations where there is nothing that is directly threatening her safety.If you were a clinical psychologist,you would be trying to determine if Shelby meets the criteria for

A)agoraphobia.
B)generalized anxiety disorder (GAD).
C)major depressive disorder.
D)social phobia.

Question 30

Agoraphobia is a fear of

A)spiders.
B)heights.
C)going out in public places.
D)snakes.

Question 31

A __________ is an intense fear of an object or situation that's greatly out of proportion to its actual threat.

A)panic attack
B)phobia
C)major depressive episode
D)negative reinforcement

Question 32

Payson avoids leaving his house because he gets terrified every time he does.Payson is probably suffering from

A)social phobia.
B)arachnophobia.
C)agoraphobia.
D)panic disorder.

Question 33

Wesley is a scuba diver.When he is under water,he is nervous about potential shark attacks as he explores various reefs and sunken ships.How would you characterize Wesley's behavior?

A)A normal reaction
B)A specific phobia
C)Generalized anxiety disorder
D)A panic disorder

Question 34

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)affects about _____ percent of the population.

A)1
B)3
C)10
D)15

Question 35

Dikeshia is giving a presentation in her abnormal psychology class on the prevalence of psychological disorders.If you were a student in that class,what general category of disorders would you expect her to mention as one of the most prevalent psychological disorders?

A)Anxiety disorders
B)Dissociative disorders
C)Personality disorders
D)Schizophrenia

Question 36

Mrs.Kaplan was diagnosed with bipolar disorder,with tendencies toward anxiety.What criticism of the DSM-IV is evident in this diagnosis?

A)Duality
B)Coaxial
C)Comorbidity
D)Duplicative

Question 37

John Madden,a former football coach and sports anchor,is relatively famous or infamous for his refusal to fly in airplanes.He takes his Madden cruiser,a large bus,to every game he attends.How would you classify his behavior?

A)A normal reaction
B)A generalized phobia
C)A social phobia
D)A specific phobia

Question 38

As Syndey is walking to take her psychology final,she begins to feel dizzy and has trouble catching her breath.What is Syndey probably experiencing?

A)A somatoform disorder
B)A panic attack
C)A heart attack
D)A phobic reaction

Question 39

The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV is based on a __________ approach.

A)biological
B)biopsychosocial
C)psychological
D)social and cultural

Question 40

Sun Ye gets so scared at the sight of fire that she cannot light a match nor have candles on the dinner table.She is most likely suffering from

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)a phobia.
C)agoraphobia.
D)pyromania.

Question 41

Marvis has to walk around his car five times in a row before he can drive it.If he doesn't,he believes that he will get into a car accident.What represents the compulsion in this scenario?

A)Fear of driving
B)Walking around the car
C)Fear of an accident
D)All of the above

Question 42

Ike just found out that his 17-year-old girlfriend is pregnant.Which of the following would illustrate his reaction as catastrophizing?

A)He decides to take her to the doctor for a second opinion.
B)He decides to talk about their possible options,including abortion or adoption.
C)He decides that he will give up his football scholarship and drop out of school so he can help her with the baby.
D)He decides to ask his parents if they would help raise the child.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a strongly supported finding in research into the causes of the various anxiety disorders?

A)If one identical twin suffers from an anxiety disorder,the other is more likely to experience an anxiety disorder.
B)People's irrational and unrealistic thoughts often reinforce their avoidance of situations they believe will cause anxiety.
C)Difficult interactions with one's parents during childhood lead people to develop compulsive rituals to exert control over their life.
D)A person observes others experiencing anxiety and distress in certain situations and can imagine the same reactions for themselves.

Question 44

Mr.Carpenter is constantly afraid that he is going to oversleep and be late for work.As a result,he spends nearly an hour total each night making certain that his alarm clock is correctly set and saying "It's set,it's set,it's set" each of the times he checks it.This repetitive action is what clinical psychologists refer to as a(n)

A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.

Question 45

A strong intense fear of being in public or performing behaviors in public is characteristic of

A)agoraphobia.
B)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C)panic disorder.
D)social phobia.

Question 46

Behavioral theorists argue that anxiety disorders are conditioned through the process of

A)negative punishment.
B)negative reinforcement.
C)positive punishment.
D)positive reinforcement.

Question 47

Aurelia is supposed to give a presentation in economics class today.As of right now,she cannot make herself leave her apartment.What is Aurelia likely suffering from?

A)Agoraphobia
B)Social phobia
C)Specific phobia
D)Panic disorder

Question 48

Which explanation of anxiety illustrates why Joan,who is a social phobic,takes all of her classes on-line?

A)Classical conditioning
B)Anxiety sensitivity
C)Genetic predisposition
D)Negative reinforcement

Question 49

What anxiety disorder became a psychological disorder shortly after veterans,returning from Vietnam,began to experience intense anxiety and flashbacks from stimuli that reminded them of the war zones where they were deployed?

A)Generalized anxiety disorder
B)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Panic disorder
D)Posttraumatic stress disorder

Question 50

Sierra is constantly worried that everyone whom she comes in contact with is full of germs,so she is constantly rushing off to wash her hands.Sierra suffers from what psychological disorder?

A)Clinical depression
B)Obsessive-compulsive disorder
C)Social phobia
D)Paranoid schizophrenia

Question 51

__________ are persistent ideas,thoughts,or impulses that are unwanted and inappropriate,causing marked distress.

A)Compulsions
B)Delusions
C)Obsessions
D)Phobias

Question 52

__________ is a repetitive behavior or mental act performed to reduce or prevent stress.

A)An obsession
B)Agoraphobia
C)A compulsion
D)A delusion

Question 53

Kathy is often distracted by the idea that her hands are dirty,even if she just washed them.Sometimes she has to wash them repeatedly and fears touching anything.She could be diagnosed with

A)PTSD.
B)social phobia.
C)obsessive-compulsive disorder.
D)generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 54

Lillian feels that she must turn around seven times in a circle before exiting or entering a doorway,or else her grandmother will become ill.What represents the obsession in her behavior?

A)Turning around in a circle seven times
B)Fear that her grandmother will become ill
C)Fear of entering or exiting doorways
D)Both B and C are correct.

Question 55

In her autobiography,It Ain't About Cookin',Paula Deen discusses her battle with agoraphobia,which caused her to

A)experience unexpected panic attacks.
B)engage in repetitive behaviors to make anxiety-provoking thoughts disappear.
C)fear being in a place where escape was difficult or embarrassing.
D)have sleep difficulties and other intense fear responses after experiencing a severely stressful event.

Question 56

Victims of sexual assault may experience strong stress reactions,intense anxiety,and flashbacks to their attacks from environmental cues that remind them of being attacked and helpless.If these become frequent,intense,and debilitating,the person may be diagnosed as suffering from

A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)panic disorder.
C)posttraumatic stress disorder.
D)social phobia.

Question 57

__________ is marked emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event.

A)Acute reactive disorder
B)Posttraumatic stress disorder
C)Panic disorder
D)Major depressive disorder

Question 58

During the day,Barb suffers from frequent,unwanted thoughts that she has left her front door unlocked and recurrent images that all her belongings have been taken.These thoughts and images are what psychologists refer to as a(n)

A)compulsion.
B)delusion.
C)hallucination.
D)obsession.

Question 59

Lenny is the bassist and vocalist for a band with his two brothers,cousin,and a college friend.Recently,he has begun to experience more and more intense anxiety as he sings in front of crowds.As a result,he has begun to ask his bandmates to sing the songs for him.Lenny's anxiety lessens when the focus of the crowd is not on him,demonstrating that Lenny's avoidance of singing is being

A)negatively punished.
B)negatively reinforced.
C)positively punished.
D)positively reinforced.

Question 60

James has to check his alarm at least 15 times before bed each night.This is an example of a(n)

A)obsession.
B)compulsion.
C)hallucination.
D)delusion.

Question 61

Which of the following is an example of the catastrophizing that often accompanies anxiety disorders?

A)"I sure hope that this storm isn't strong enough for there to be a tornado."
B)"I've never had to work so hard in my life just to make a C in a class."
C)"If she doesn't want to go to the dance with me,I'll just ask someone else."
D)"If I make a mistake during our routine,no one else in the band will ever speak with me again."

Question 62

Which of the following losses might serve as a starting point for one's experience of major depressive disorder?

A)A fellow student from your high school class moves away
B)Getting fired from one's job and having difficulty getting a new job
C)Losing $1.25 in a vending machine and not getting it refunded
D)The loss of a grandparent who had been sick for many years

Question 63

Kevan used to study diligently for exams in all of his high school classes and begin working on writing projects immediately after they were assigned.However,no matter what he did,he could never score higher than C or C+.What prediction would the behavioral model of depression make about Kevan's behavior today as a college student?

A)Kevan's behavior cannot be adequately predicted from his past experiences.
B)Kevan may begin to give up working so hard because of the lack of a payoff for his efforts.
C)Kevan will eventually drop-out of college because of his poor performance.
D)Kevan will continue to study diligently and work hard in his classes.

Question 64

After her mother died,Astrid stopped wearing make-up when she attended class.Many of the boys,who had constantly paid her a lot of attention,began ignoring her or teasing her.As a result,she hasn't had a date for several months.Which model of depression provides the best explanation of her situation?

A)Life events
B)Behavioral
C)Cognitive
D)Interpersonal

Question 65

Major depressive disorder occurs __________ as often in women as in men.

A)twice
B)three times
C)four times
D)five times

Question 66

Over the course of a lifetime,more than _____ percent of people will experience a mood disorder.

A)5
B)20
C)35
D)50

Question 67

Susan just had a new baby boy.She has been feeling depressed for several weeks after the delivery.Susan is most likely experiencing

A)seasonal affective disorder.
B)postpartum depression.
C)cyclothymia.
D)major depressive disorder.

Question 68

Jeanne's husband left her over 2 years ago.Ever since,she just hasn't been her old self.She still goes to work and occasionally has dinner with her friends but doesn't seem to get the same enjoyment out of life as she used to.What is Jeanne showing signs of?

A)Chronic depression
B)Cyclothymia
C)Dysthymic disorder
D)Major depressive disorder

Question 69

Which of these symptoms is NOT associated with a depressive disorder?

A)Insomnia
B)Impulsive behavior
C)Weight loss
D)Feelings of worthlessness

Question 70

Major changes in sleep patterns,weight level,and feelings about one's self-worth characterize

A)agoraphobia.
B)major depressive disorder.
C)schizophrenia.
D)social anxiety.

Question 71

According to the authors,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)Gender differences in depression are found throughout all cultures.
B)Gender differences in depression are not universal.
C)Men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with depression.
D)Men in the United States are more likely than women to be diagnosed with depression.

Question 72

__________ consists of low-level depression of at least 2 years' duration,including decreased pleasure and productivity.

A)Minor depressive disorder
B)Bipolar disorder I
C)Dysthymic disorder
D)Cyclothymia

Question 73

For some people,their depression lasts only from December to February but returns at the same time each year.This is what psychologists call

A)cyclothymia.
B)bipolar disorder.
C)major depressive disorder.
D)seasonal affective disorder.

Question 74

__________ is a chronic or recurrent state in which a person experiences a lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities.

A)Manic episode
B)Seasonal affective disorder
C)Major depressive disorder
D)Bipolar disorder II

Question 75

In the United States,research into demographic differences in the rates of major depressive disorder suggests that

A)adults are less likely than children to be diagnosed with the disorder.
B)men are more likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder.
C)men are less likely than women to be diagnosed with the disorder.
D)there are no age,gender,or racial differences in the prevalence of the disorder.

Question 76

In her memoir,Down Came the Rain,Brooke Shields discusses the depression that developed after the birth of her daughter.Shields is one of the 15 percent of women who suffer from

A)bipolar disorder.
B)dysthymic disorder.
C)major depressive disorder.
D)postpartum depression.

Question 77

Research has shown that people who suffer from obsessive-compulsive disorder have more active __________ lobes than people without the disorder.

A)frontal
B)occipital
C)parietal
D)temporal

Question 78

According to Lewinsohn's ____________ model,depression results from a low rate of response-contingent positive reinforcement.

A)behavioral
B)cognitive
C)humanistic
D)social

Question 79

__________ includes at least one hypomanic episode and one episode of major depression.

A)Cyclothymia
B)Bipolar disorder I
C)Bipolar disorder II
D)Dysthymic disorder

Question 80

Which of the following forms of depression,which develops within a month of childbirth,has become more widely discussed in recent years?

A)Bipolar disorder
B)Major depressive disorder
C)Postpartum depression
D)Seasonal affective disorder