Deck 14: Psychological and Biological Treatments

Question 1

What category of therapy is most concerned with improving a client's awareness of the underlying causes of his or her difficulties?

A)Behavioral
B)Biological
C)Cognitive
D)Insight

Answer 1

Insight

Question 2

Which of the following professionals is trained as a medical doctor and may be found working in either private practice or in a hospital setting?

A)Clinical psychologist
B)Clinical social worker
C)Mental health counselor
D)Psychiatrist

Answer 2

Psychiatrist

Question 3

Your text defines psychotherapy as

A)a psychological determination of illness.
B)a psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional,behavioral,and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives.
C)a psychological interpretation of irrational behaviors and thoughts.
D)a means to help people cope with everyday life.

Answer 3

a psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional,behavioral,and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives.

Question 4

Dr.Pelk is a psychologist.Who is most likely to pay her a visit?

A)Alice,a Caucasian female
B)Chou,an Asian male
C)Selena,a Hispanic female
D)George,a Caucasian male

Question 5

Which excerpt derives from an effective therapeutic exchange?

A)"If you will simply listen to what I am saying to you,I can help."
B)"If that is how you feel,then let's talk about the reasons you feel that way."
C)"It is funny you said that,I have another client just like you,and she said the same thing."
D)"It is not my fault that you misunderstood what I was trying to say to you."

Question 6

Burt is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes.After a few minutes of relaxing,the therapist asks Burt to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences.Burt is experiencing the therapeutic technique of

A)active confrontation.
B)empathy.
C)free association.
D)systematic desensitization.

Question 7

Which of the following persons is most likely to seek help for his or her mental health difficulty?

A)Byron,a recently naturalized U.S.citizen from South Africa
B)Julia,who entered the United States illegally from Venezuela
C)Marie,a 45-year-old Caucasian female
D)Ralph,a 65-year-old postal worker

Question 8

Your friend Melony is considering going to a counselor to help her with some personal problems she is having.What will probably be the most critical element of her therapy?

A)If she receives unconditional positive regard from her therapist
B)If her therapist is a true licensed and certified psychologist
C)If her therapist can help her identify the true sources of conflict in her life
D)If she feels comfortable with her therapist

Question 9

Dawn received her degree in political science.After several years of frustrating service to the government,she decides that she wants to counsel individuals with varying problems.What can Dawn do without further schooling or training?

A)Become a clinical psychologist
B)Become a psychiatrist
C)Become a paraprofessional
D)Become a mental health counselor

Question 10

Which therapist should you probably avoid?

A)One you can talk openly and freely with
B)One who encourages you to confront challenges and solve problems
C)One who listens and understands your feelings
D)One who uses a "one size fits all" approach

Question 11

Which of the following individuals would you recommend your sister visit to address some of her relationship issues?

A)Mona,a new therapist at your school's clinic,who is caring,patient,and willing to listen
B)Gerard,a clinical psychologist of over 30 years,who knows his technique will work for any client
C)Klaus,a psychiatrist,who favors a neurochemical approach to problems
D)Any of the above

Question 12

Which phrase best applies to the benefits received from psychotherapy?

A)If you develop cancer,we will probably be able to help.
B)If you get a scratch on your leg,we can probably fix it.
C)If you have been sick for a long time,we will probably cure you.
D)If you break your arm,there will be little we can do for you.

Question 13

The technique in which patients express themselves without censorship is known as

A)free association.
B)dream analysis.
C)resistance.
D)transference.

Question 14

Psychotherapy is an intervention designed to help people to deal with and manage

A)behavioral problems.
B)emotional problems.
C)interpersonal problems.
D)all of the above.

Question 15

People with little or no professional training who provide mental health services are known as

A)clinical psychologists.
B)psychiatrists.
C)paraprofessionals.
D)mental health counselors.

Question 16

In what brand of psychotherapy would a clinical psychologist attempt to uncover the underlying unconscious conflicts and impulses that are the cause of one's psychological difficulties?

A)Behavioral
B)Cognitive-behavioral
C)Humanistic
D)Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Question 17

Who is likely to report a benefit from psychotherapy?

A)Darla,who schedules an appointment to see a counselor at the university clinic
B)Charles,who has seen his psychologist four times in a month
C)Tim,who is still deciding whether or not to see a therapist
D)Both A and B are correct.

Question 18

In Freudian psychoanalysis,what person was responsible for obtaining the insight into the client's psychological problem?

A)The patient
B)A member of the patient's family
C)The therapist
D)The patient's closest friend

Question 19

Females benefit __________ males when receiving psychotherapy for their emotional or mental difficulties.

A)equally as much as
B)less than
C)more than
D)substantially more than

Question 20

A psychotherapist who engages in verbal interactions with patients in order to help them better understand themselves and their problems would be called a(n)

A)insight therapist.
B)behavior therapist.
C)biomedical therapist.
D)cognitive therapist.

Question 21

Alyssa is sitting in her human growth and development class during a discussion on parenting styles.During the discussion,Hannah,a fellow student,begins screaming at the professor,blaming him for her troubled childhood.What may Hannah be exhibiting?

A)Free association
B)Interpretation
C)Resistance
D)Transference

Question 22

When a patient starts projecting intense,unrealistic feelings and expectations from the past onto the therapist,she is displaying

A)resistance.
B)free association.
C)transference.
D)interpretation.

Question 23

The Freudian idea of working through was most important __________ insight had been achieved.

A)after
B)long before
C)immediately before
D)exactly as

Question 24

Attempts to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts or emotions is known as

A)countertransference.
B)resistance.
C)working through.
D)transference.

Question 25

Sulli begins to project his anxieties and unresolved feelings about his mother onto his therapist.This is what Sigmund Freud would have called

A)free association.
B)resistance.
C)transference.
D)working through.

Question 26

You are visiting a friend when her 2-year-old daughter walks up to you and begins talking.After several moments of what you thought was incoherent speech,your friend tells you that her daughter just finished watching her favorite video and was telling you what happened in the story.What psychoanalytic technique is your friend modeling?

A)Interpretation
B)Working through
C)Free association
D)Transference

Question 27

Carmelo is giving a report to his graduate seminar on research on the effectiveness of psychodynamic therapies.Which point would you be most likely to hear him make if you were in that seminar?

A)Active confrontation of irrational thinking and the display of empathy are two important psychodynamic therapeutic techniques.
B)Claims of repressed traumatic memories is a growing problem and there is strong research to support the validity of such claims.
C)Practicing new,adaptive behaviors is more important than gaining insight into one's unconscious conflicts.
D)Unconscious motives clearly impact our daily behavior in many different and important ways.

Question 28

Humanistic psychotherapists would be most likely to work with their clients to focus their attention to the __________ rather than to the __________.

A)future; past
B)present; future
C)present; past
D)past; present

Question 29

Jolie is a song writer.She will often sit at her piano and begin singing whatever comes to her mind.What psychoanalytic technique is she modeling?

A)Interpretation
B)Resistance
C)Free association
D)Transference

Question 30

__________ therapy is the treatment that strengthens social skills and targets interpersonal problems,conflicts,and life transitions.

A)Cognitive
B)Interpersonal
C)Person-centered
D)Behavioral

Question 31

Dr.Johnson tells her students not to think of a white rabbit during the lecture.Within a few seconds,many students report that they have already thought of a white rabbit.Along with research from cognitive and clinical psychology,this casts doubt on

A)all claims made by the psychoanalytic or psychodynamic therapies.
B)the existence of repressed memories from traumatic events.
C)the importance of insight as a therapeutic goal.
D)the usefulness of active listening as a therapeutic technique.

Question 32

Which word on the back of a shampoo bottle reflects the psychoanalytic stage of "working through"?

A)Wash
B)Rinse
C)Repeat
D)Lather

Question 33

The Neo-Freudians disagreed with Freud on the importance of __________ ,focusing more on the __________ aspects of a patient's thoughts and actions.

A)childhood; adult
B)the conscious; sexual
C)the unconscious; conscious
D)dream analysis; unconscious

Question 34

In the final stage of psychoanalysis,therapists help patients process their problems.This is known as

A)transference.
B)catharsis.
C)interpretation.
D)working through.

Question 35

Sherry is frustrated by her psychotherapist."All he does is sit there and listen to me ramble on.I wish he would do or say something!" What type of therapy might you recommend she try instead?

A)Psychoanalytic
B)Interpersonal
C)Jungian
D)Person-centered

Question 36

Bradford has been on two dates with Jordan,a girl from his psychology class.On their last date he was making small talk and casually asked her about her family.She got very upset and asked if they could change the subject.He has called her several times since to ask her out again,but she won't take his calls.What is Jordan exhibiting?

A)Transference
B)Resistance
C)Interpretation
D)Working through

Question 37

Which psychoanalytic stage closely resembles the actions of many defendants when they are put on the witness stand?

A)Interpretation
B)Free association
C)Transference
D)Resistance

Question 38

The main difference between the humanistic therapies and other therapies is the importance of

A)positive self-fulfillment in guiding one's behavior and thoughts.
B)the present over the past.
C)the patient-therapist relationship.
D)gaining insight into one's difficulties.

Question 39

In contrast to psychodynamic therapies,__________ therapies share an emphasis on the realization of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically positive.

A)behavior
B)humanistic
C)cognitive
D)interpersonal

Question 40

Carlita has just come from her first therapy session.To better understand Carlita's generalized anxiety,the therapist asked her to talk about her childhood experiences and interactions with her parents and has asked her to keep a dream journal for the next several weeks.With which orientation is this orientation most consistent?

A)Behavioral
B)Eclectic
C)Humanistic
D)Psychoanalytic/psychodynamic

Question 41

A behavior therapist is most likely to focus on

A)the past and broad traits.
B)the past and specific behaviors.
C)the present and broad traits.
D)the present and specific behaviors.

Question 42

Carl Rogers asserts that an effective psychotherapist will

A)actively confront and challenge her patient's erroneous beliefs.
B)interpret important transference and resistance behaviors for her client.
C)provide unconditional positive regard and display empathy toward her client.
D)seek to identify how negative reinforcement is promoting maladaptive behaviors,feelings,and/or thoughts for an individual.

Question 43

A key criticism of person-centered therapy is that

A)a strong therapeutic relationship is a better predictor of success in therapy than the use of a specific therapeutic technique.
B)findings concerning effectiveness of treatment are inconsistent.
C)there are only three ways to measure improvement of patients.
D)person-centered therapy is no more effective than receiving no treatment at all.

Question 44

What might you do if you wanted to mimic a therapy session conducted by a humanistic therapist?

A)Talk to a teacher.
B)Talk to your friend.
C)Talk to your mother.
D)Talk to yourself.

Question 45

Dr.Osgood is a practicing psychologist.He uses nondirective techniques in his therapy sessions and tries to provide unconditional positive regard to his patients.Which of the following individuals would test his abilities the most?

A)Shane,who is a convicted rapist
B)Maureen,who is narcissistic
C)Norm,who is an alcoholic
D)Missy,who is cheating on her husband

Question 46

Lionel has been in therapy for 4 weeks now.At the first meeting with his therapist,the therapist waited for Lionel to begin discussing why he was there and what he hoped to gain from the session.The therapist also reminded Lionel that he is responsible for solving his own problems.Lionel's therapist is making use of

A)Frankl's logotherapy.
B)Jung's analytic therapy.
C)Rogers's person-centered therapy.
D)Beck's cognitive therapy.

Question 47

__________ is known for developing the approach of person-centered therapy.

A)B.F.Skinner
B)Carl Jung
C)Carl Rogers
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 48

__________ confronts patients with what they fear,with the goal of reducing the fear.

A)Behavior therapy
B)Exposure therapy
C)Person-centered therapy
D)Interpersonal therapy

Question 49

Dr.Bailey informs Mrs.Kistner that her son's hyperactivity seems to be triggered by his dislike of reading.Dr.Bailey observed that Mrs.Kistner's son Luke appeared to get hyperactive about the same time as his reading group was called each day.He also observed that Luke was often sent to the principal's office as a result.What does the trip to the principal's office represent?

A)Reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Behavioral assessment
D)Functional analysis

Question 50

Which is NOT a condition that a person-centered therapist must satisfy?

A)The therapist must relate to patients with empathic understanding.
B)The therapist must express unconditional positive regard.
C)The therapist must inform patients of the best way to solve their problems.
D)The therapist must be an authentic,genuine person who reveals their own reactions.

Question 51

Which of the following represents the underlying mechanism behind systematic desensitization?

A)You cannot be upset and angry at the same time.
B)You cannot be euphoric and excited at the same time.
C)You cannot be anxious and relaxed at the same time.
D)You cannot be bored and sullen at the same time.

Question 52

Systematic desensitization is specifically designed to help a person to deal with his or her

A)depression.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)phobia.
D)psychopathic personality.

Question 53

Psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe developed systematic desensitization in

A)1981.
B)1974.
C)1958.
D)1936.

Question 54

Which of the following excerpts would likely emerge from person-centered therapy?

A)"I can't stand it when people cut me off on the highway!" "So,you get angry when people treat you unfairly."
B)"I hate it when my boss makes me feel incompetent!" "Does your boss remind you of your father?"
C)"I get so anxious when my mother-in-law comes to visit." "Maybe you should encourage her not to come as often."
D)"I can't go back to school now,my husband says I am not smart enough." "Don't blame your husband for your own self-doubts."

Question 55

Why might Dr.Meyer,a behavioral psychologist,make a poor homicide detective?

A)Behavioral psychologists are not as scientific in their approach as other mental health practitioners.
B)Behavioral psychologists focus primarily on observable behaviors,which are lacking in most homicide cases.
C)Behavioral psychologists tend to focus on the present,as opposed to the past.
D)Behavioral psychologists prefer to work with animals as opposed to humans.

Question 56

__________ was the earliest exposure therapy.

A)Systematic desensitization
B)Flooding
C)Aversion therapy
D)Covert sensitization

Question 57

Systematic desensitization was developed by

A)Carl Rogers.
B)B.F.Skinner.
C)Joseph Wolpe.
D)Albert Bandura.

Question 58

Systematic desensitization is based on the principle of

A)the mere exposure effect.
B)operant conditioning.
C)reciprocal inhibition.
D)reciprocal facilitation.

Question 59

The humanistic goals of achieving meaning and self-actualization suffer from not being easily

A)correlated.
B)falsified.
C)parsimonious.
D)replicated.

Question 60

A therapist who focuses on specific problem behaviors and current variables that maintain problematic thoughts and feelings is most likely a(n)__________ therapist.

A)behavior
B)cognitive
C)insight
D)rational-emotive

Question 61

Walter and Mindy are having marital problems.Their therapist is using behavioral rehearsal techniques to augment their counseling sessions.Which of the following might one observe during one of their sessions?

A)The therapist will ask the couple to reverse roles and provide suggestions on how to communicate more effectively.
B)The therapist will ask the couples to go from one chair to another pretending to be complacent in one chair and assertive in the other.
C)The therapist will discuss the negative cycle of emotions that is inhibiting effective communication.
D)The therapist will address issues that Walter and Mindy brought to the marriage from their respective pasts.

Question 62

Who is NOT engaging in response prevention?

A)Jillian,who has a fear of dogs,must stay in the same room with a dog that the experimenter is holding on a leash.
B)Cassandra,who has a fear of the number 13,must go through a calendar circling every 13 she comes across.
C)Linus,who has a fear of contamination,is not allowed to visualize a germ-infested environment.
D)Charlie,who has a fear of clowns,must accompany his therapist to the circus.

Question 63

Dr.Darling is using systematic desensitization in an attempt to alleviate Caroline's phobia of snakes.What might he include in her first session?

A)A rubber snake
B)A picture of a snake
C)An actual snake
D)A video about snakes

Question 64

Exposing patients to images of the stimuli they fear the most for prolonged periods is called

A)flooding.
B)systematic desensitization.
C)participant modeling.
D)behavior therapy.

Question 65

Little Dalton is having trouble making friends at school.His therapist,Dr.Liang,is using behavioral rehearsal techniques to teach him to be more assertive.Which of the following might occur?

A)Dr.Liang will ask Dalton to clear his mind of any negative thoughts and envision himself approaching a group of students in the hallway.
B)Dr.Liang will prevent Dalton from turning around as he brings a stranger into the office.
C)Dr.Liang will discuss the irrational beliefs that Dalton is harbouring about rejection.
D)Dr.Liang will pretend to be the new kid in school and model several different approaches to iniating a conversation.

Question 66

Trina attempts to overcome her fear of clowns by learning how to shift from a feeling of tension to one of calm and relaxation.Next she is asked to imagine different situations,each more anxiety-provoking than the previous.She only proceeds to the next situation if she can maintain her feeling of relaxation.Trina's therapist is using __________ to remove her fear.

A)exposure therapy
B)modeling
C)person-centered therapy
D)systematic desensitization

Question 67

In __________,patients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed in a stepwise manner to what they fear.

A)flooding
B)covert sensitization
C)guided imagery
D)systematic desensitization

Question 68

__________ is a crucial component of flooding,where therapists prevent patients from performing their typical avoidance behaviors.

A)Participant modeling
B)Insight
C)Response prevention
D)Transference

Question 69

Token economies have been successful in each situation EXCEPT

A)treating ADHD at home.
B)treating patients with schizophrenia in hospitals.
C)treating ADHD at school.
D)treating major depression.

Question 70

Ellen is sitting in her therapist's office,going through scenarios that start off as calming but slowly progress until she starts getting anxious,until her therapist takes her back to a calming scene.Ellen is most likely engaged in

A)flooding.
B)in vivo exposure.
C)systematic desensitization.
D)covert modeling.

Question 71

Sally is in therapy because she gets anxious when meeting new people.Her therapist suggests that they reverse roles,and practice introductions.Sally is engaging in

A)Thought Field Therapy.
B)paradoxical therapy.
C)participant modeling.
D)transference.

Question 72

Therapists begin their systematic desensitization treatment by first

A)having patients construct an anxiety hierarchy.
B)exposing patients to a fear stimulus with no means of escape.
C)teaching patients to relax.
D)encouraging patients to recall how they developed this fear as a child.

Question 73

Because the negative reinforcement of avoidance behavior often maintains many phobias and other anxiety-related disorders,exposure therapy often involves

A)social skills training.
B)modeling.
C)response prevention.
D)relaxation training.

Question 74

During systematic desensitization,the patient uses a(n)__________,or a "ladder" of situations to control the build-up of anxiety.

A)reciprocal inhibition
B)anxiety hierarchy
C)sensitization scaffold
D)anxiety scaffold

Question 75

Jared just found out that his boss is sending him to New York in two days.Jared has an intense fear of flying,but he cannot refuse his boss's orders.What type of therapy might you suggest he try?

A)Behavioral rehearsal
B)Desensitization
C)Aversion
D)Flooding

Question 76

Mrs.Castillo is a kindergarten teacher.Every time she observes one of her students sharing with or helping out another student,she gives them a behavioral coupon.At the end of the week,the students can exchange their coupons for pencils,crayons,and candy.What system is Mrs.Castillo w using?

A)Observational rewards
B)Token economy
C)Social reinforcement
D)The behavioral exchange procedure

Question 77

__________ is commonly used with participant modeling techniques,where the patient and therapist role-play to learn and practice new skills.

A)Behavioral reversal
B)Transference
C)Paradoxical intention
D)Response prevention

Question 78

Flooding and other forms of exposure therapy are used to allow one's fear to be

A)exacerbated.
B)extinguished.
C)inhibited.
D)challenged.

Question 79

__________ is a technique in which the therapist first models a problematic situation and then guides the patient through steps to comp with it unassisted.

A)Response prevention
B)Systematic desensitization
C)Participant modeling
D)Flooding

Question 80

How might Dr.Swanson treat a person with a social phobia using the technique of flooding?

A)Force him to go into the waiting room and deliver a 5-minute speech on anything of his choice to the other patients waiting to be seen.
B)Ask him to first visualize standing in front of an audience,then have him videotaped giving a speech,and finally have him address an actual audience.
C)Ask him to explore the irrational beliefs that are preventing him from engaging in this behavior.
D)Tell him that he understands his fears and that public speaking is a difficult thing for most people to do.