Deck 12: Personality

Question 1

Susie is a on the cheerleading squad,and her sister is in the band.What type of influence on personality is being exhibited?

A)Genetic
B)Shared environmental
C)Mixed environmental
D)Nonshared environmental

Answer 1

Nonshared environmental

Question 2

Mike and Elizabeth have a new baby.If you wanted to see what she will be like as an adult,where might you focus your attention?

A)Examine the frequency of interactions between the parents and the child.
B)Observe Mike and Elizabeth's basic personalities.
C)Look at the friends she makes growing up and their respective personalities.
D)Wait until the baby has a sibling and look at the various activities they engage in together.

Answer 2

Observe Mike and Elizabeth's basic personalities.

Question 3

Which of the following represents a shared environmental influence?

A)Todd and Vie both receive 5 dollars for each "A" they earn on their report cards.
B)Taryn and Owen have chores to do around the house.
C)June goes to ballet,while Mitch is at football.
D)Both A and B are correct.

Answer 3

Both A and B are correct.

Question 4

Myra is a psychoanalytic theorist who uses this perspective to guide her therapeutic treatment of psychological disorders.As a result,she is most likely to improve her understanding of her client's

A)conscious motivations.
B)desire for personal growth.
C)patterns of thinking and behaving.
D)symbolic dream imagery.

Question 5

According to Freud,the ego is the

A)moral component.
B)decision maker.
C)primitive instinct.
D)collective unconscious.

Question 6

Freud's theory of personality is most interested in understanding the interaction among the three structures of personality within the __________ mind.

A)conscious
B)preconscious
C)split
D)unconscious

Question 7

According to your authors,mass media psychologists and other social commentators are often guilty of

A)assuming that causation implies correlation regarding human behavior.
B)offering nonfalsifiable theories to explain human behavior.
C)proposing single-cause explanations of human behavior.
D)supplying nonparsimonious explanations for the causes of various human behaviors.

Question 8

Which motto would best fit the id?

A)"I can't do that because it is against the rules."
B)"I would like to do that,but I can wait for later."
C)"If it feels good,then do it."
D)"If she did it,I can too."

Question 9

The Freudian idea of psychic determinism implies that

A)any psychological event has an underlying cause.
B)childhood experiences determine adult adjustment.
C)no action is ever meaningless.
D)unconscious desires and urges drive human behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following agencies of the human psyche are we likely to observe in a gorilla?

A)Id
B)Ego
C)Superego
D)All of the above

Question 11

Cailee and Rick's parents take them to church every week.What type of influence on personality is being exhibited?

A)Genetic
B)Nonshared environmental
C)Shared environmental
D)Sociological

Question 12

Dr.Longbottom is researching personality traits in pairs of identical twins.He believes that genetics play a large role in personality development.Which of the following traits is LEAST likely to support his position?

A)Anxiousness
B)Traditionalism
C)Impulse control
D)Achievement orientation

Question 13

Your friend Kate is a new mom.She is constantly worried that she is going to ruin her child by doing or saying the wrong thing.What advice might you give her?

A)Most of her parenting will have minimal impact on her child's adult personality.
B)Although she can afford to make a few mistakes,if she isn't careful her child may have lifelong problems.
C)Often children's personalities are shaped initially by genetics,but environmental influences take over in adolescence,so she has plenty of time.
D)As long as her child has enough shared environmental influences with his siblings,the child will be fine.

Question 14

Which theory of personality is most concerned with understanding people's unconscious motivations?

A)Behavioral
B)Humanism
C)Psychoanalytic
D)Trait

Question 15

Psychologists believe that personality is largely the result of

A)genetics.
B)multiple factors.
C)parental and peer influences.
D)responses to life stressors.

Question 16

The idea that all psychological events have an underlying cause is better known as

A)common sense.
B)experimental psychology.
C)popular psychology.
D)psychic determinism.

Question 17

Jamal has a very bad temper.He is notorious for lashing out at his friends when he doesn't get his way.What is dominating Jamal's actions?

A)Ego
B)Id
C)Superego
D)Libido

Question 18

Which of the following is analogous to the role of the unconscious in psychoanalytic theory?

A)The radio
B)The fuel
C)The body
D)The engine

Question 19

Some authors relate Freud's personality structure to an iceberg,saying that the __________ is completely submerged in our unconscious.

A)id
B)ego
C)superego
D)defense mechanism

Question 20

Dr.Ritter is a geneticist.He is conducting research to identify the "happy" gene; in other words,a single gene that determines our happiness.What advice might you give him?

A)With the use of molecular studies,he should be able to identify the gene responsible for happiness.
B)If he relies heavily on twin studies,especially twins reared apart,he should be successful in identifying the "happy" gene.
C)Understand that most personality traits are determined by multiple factors,and therefore isolating a single gene related to happiness is unlikely.
D)If he is willing to combine molecular genetics with the newest brain imaging techniques,he should be able to isolate the "happy" gene.

Question 21

The Freudian defense mechanism of __________ involves returning psychologically to a younger and safer time.

A)denial
B)repression
C)displacement
D)regression

Question 22

Eila is a 16-year-old girl.Her mom just got remarried to Brick,a strikingly handsome man.Recently,Eila has begun to taunt Brick about his physique and even tells her mom that she can't stand him.What defense mechanism is she exhibiting?

A)Rationalization
B)Regression
C)Reaction-formation
D)Projection

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of the Freudian personality structure?

A)Alter ego
B)Ego
C)Id
D)Superego

Question 24

Whenever Olivia feels badly about an exam performance,she visits the professor and breaks down into tears.As the professor attempts to console her,she is reminded of her childhood.Sigmund Freud would say that Olivia is using __________ to alleviate her anxieties about her academic abilities.

A)displacement
B)projection
C)sublimation
D)regression

Question 25

The id is motivated by the desire for

A)free will.
B)immediate gratification.
C)moral perfection.
D)social acceptability.

Question 26

What might many customers suggest is lacking in most used car salesmen?

A)Ego
B)Libido
C)Id
D)Superego

Question 27

What personality structure(s)is/are tasked with the responsibility of keeping the id's impulsive and destructive actions in check?

A)The actual self and the ideal self
B)The ego
C)The ego and the superego
D)The superego

Question 28

Illisa was repeatedly molested as a child by one of her uncles.Which defense mechanism will she likely rely on?

A)Regression
B)Repression
C)Denial
D)Projection

Question 29

As you are preparing for your biology exam you notice two of your classmates in the library.After going to talk with them,you discover they are planning to use a cheat sheet during tomorrow's exam.What part of your personality would cause you to feel ashamed or guilty if you too created a cheat sheet for the exam?

A)The actual self
B)The ego
C)The id
D)The superego

Question 30

What structure serves as the social component of one's personality?

A)The actual self
B)Ego
C)Id
D)Superego

Question 31

According to Freud,defense mechanisms are a(n)________ part of being a psychologically healthy and well-adjusted individual.

A)inevitable
B)necessary
C)unnecessary
D)unsafe

Question 32

Justin is working on his psychology paper for class when he gets a phone call inviting him to a party.His decision to finish the paper before going to the party reflects the functioning of the

A)conscious.
B)superego.
C)id.
D)ego.

Question 33

Hiram just finished the most difficult statistics exam he has ever taken.When asked the next day by his mother how the exam went,Hiram tells her that he cannot remember a single thing from the previous two days.This experience is most similar to what Freudian defense mechanism?

A)Denial
B)Displacement
C)Projection
D)Repression

Question 34

According to Freud,defense mechanisms are unconscious attempts to reduce our feelings of

A)denial.
B)anxiety.
C)repression.
D)regression.

Question 35

The __________ could be described as similar to a judgmental parent looking down on the __________.

A)id; superego
B)ego; id
C)superego; ego
D)superego; id

Question 36

What structure serves as the social component of one's personality?

A)The actual self
B)Ego
C)Id
D)Superego

Question 37

Dan just found a wallet with $300 in it and no identification.For Dan,where will the greatest conflict come from?

A)Ego and superego
B)Ego and Id
C)Id and superego
D)Ego and libido

Question 38

According to Freud,the motivated forgetting of distressing external experiences is known as

A)denial.
B)regression.
C)defense mechanism.
D)repression.

Question 39

If Joel feels guilty about cheating on his psychology midterm,which of the psychic structures is likely to be responsible?

A)Superego
B)Id
C)Ego
D)All of the above

Question 40

The __________ seeks to find a resolution between the competing demands of the __________.

A)ego; id and superego
B)id; ego and superego
C)superego; alter ego and ego
D)superego; id and ego

Question 41

A Freudian psychotherapist would assert that an alcoholic or a chain-smoker is stuck in what stage of development?

A)Anal
B)Genital
C)Latency
D)Oral

Question 42

Rationalization involves

A)motivated forgetting of distressing experiences.
B)unconscious attribution of our negative qualities onto others.
C)providing reasonable-sounding explanations for unreasonable behaviors or failures.
D)transforming an anxiety-producing experience into its opposite.

Question 43

When reviewing Freud's theory of personality development,a critical thinker would be most concerned about

A)confusing correlation with causation.
B)the lack of falsifiable hypotheses for key aspects.
C)the lack of extraordinary evidence for extraordinary claims.
D)the high level of support for many key aspects.

Question 44

According to Freud,appropriate sexual and romantic relationships are only possible when an individual has attained the __________ stage of psychosexual development.

A)anal
B)genital
C)oral
D)phallic

Question 45

Conflicts over toilet-training and other attempts by a 2-year-old to exert control over his or her environment are most evident during the __________ stage of psychosexual development.

A)anal
B)latency
C)oral
D)phallic

Question 46

Stewie has developed strong feelings for his mother and views his father as a rival for her attention.However,he is afraid that his father will find out and interfere with these plans.Stewie is clearly immersed in the __________ stage.

A)anal
B)genital
C)oral
D)phallic

Question 47

Jayne is a 26-month-old toddler.She is most likely in the __________ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)phallic
D)genital

Question 48

You notice your classmate Hannah chewing on her pencil as she takes her psychology final.Which psychosexual stage may not have been resolved?

A)Genital
B)Phallic
C)Oral
D)Anal

Question 49

A newborn baby is in what stage of psychosexual development?

A)Anal stage
B)Latency stage
C)Oral stage
D)Phallic stage

Question 50

Sexual impulses are submerged into the unconscious during the __________ stage.

A)genital
B)latency
C)phallic
D)anal

Question 51

The Oedipus (or Electra)complex is most likely experienced in the __________ stage.

A)genital
B)oral
C)phallic
D)anal

Question 52

In one of Aesop's fables,a fox is unable to obtain some grapes that he truly wishes to have.However,after failing to obtain them,he downplays their importance.This behavior is most consistent with the defense mechanism of

A)displacement.
B)intellectualization.
C)rationalization.
D)sublimation.

Question 53

Hans forgot to pick up his girlfriend at the airport because he became so engrossed in the football game he was watching that he lost track of time.Which defense mechanism is he likely to engage in?

A)Rationalization
B)Repression
C)Projection
D)Displacement

Question 54

According to Freud,habits such as smoking or overeating could result from a fixation in the __________ stage.

A)oral
B)anal
C)genital
D)phallic

Question 55

The main conflict of the anal stage comes from

A)the Oedipal complex.
B)toilet training.
C)sexual repression.
D)weaning off the breast or bottle.

Question 56

Concerned with his own academic flaws and weaknesses,Preston often aggressively lashes out at his instructors via his evaluations of their teaching ability on RateMyProfessor.com and during class teaching evaluations.This is an example of what Freudian defense mechanism?

A)Displacement
B)Intellectualization
C)Projection
D)Reaction formation

Question 57

Which order is correct for Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

A)Oral,phallic,genital,latency,anal
B)Anal,oral,genital,latency,phallic
C)Genital,anal,oral,phallic,latency
D)Oral,anal,phallic,latency,genital

Question 58

Shyteria is a toll-booth operator.She nearly always has an hourly encounter with a motorist who berates and belittles her because they are upset about traffic,they don't have enough change,or they are just unhappy that day.As a result,when she gets home Shyteria often yells at her roommates and slams cabinet doors closed when she can't find what she wants.She is displaying classic symptoms of

A)displacement.
B)projection.
C)regression.
D)sublimation.

Question 59

Which is NOT a criticism of Freud's theories?

A)Unrepresentative samples
B)Failed predictions
C)Unfalsifiability
D)Importance of early experiences

Question 60

A major issue that many people have with Freud's theory is

A)that our awareness of the causes for our behaviors is quite good.
B)he overemphasized the importance of the conscious mind.
C)the generalization of his ideas from an unrepresentative sample.
D)he underemphasized the importance of shared environmental influences in personality development.

Question 61

Dr.Keller is a Jungian psychologist.He is working with young Bobby who has been experiencing some anxiety problems.Where might he take Bobby for their sessions?

A)His office
B)The beach
C)The pool
D)All of the above

Question 62

Which theorist strongly disagreed with Freud's ideas about women and their feelings of inferiority and the Oedipus complex?

A)Adler
B)Horney
C)Jung
D)Klein

Question 63

Noah,the back-up quarterback on the football team,never stops talking about how great he is.He insists that if the coach would only give him a chance,he would show everyone that he is the best.What might Noah be exhibiting?

A)Inferiority complex
B)Style of life
C)An archetype
D)Superiority complex

Question 64

The inferiority complex was inspired by

A)Freud
B)Jung
C)Adler
D)Maslow

Question 65

According to Jung,what idea may explain the similarities among Zeus,Jupiter,and Allah as supreme beings?

A)Personal unconscious
B)Social unconscious
C)Collective unconscious
D)Ancestral unconscious

Question 66

__________ disagreed with Freud's concept of penis envy in females.

A)Carl Jung
B)Carl Rogers
C)Karen Horney
D)Alfred Adler

Question 67

Which neo-Freudian emphasized the importance of the collective unconscious in personality development?

A)Adler
B)Fromm
C)Horney
D)Jung

Question 68

The behavioral theories tend to focus on

A)unconscious desires.
B)learning.
C)genetics.
D)self-actualization.

Question 69

Jung's theory suggests that the __________ is a collection of latent memories from people's ancestral past.

A)conscious
B)collective unconscious
C)personal unconscious
D)locus of control

Question 70

What perspective on personality development is most concerned with how one's learning history influences who they later become?

A)Behavioral
B)Humanistic
C)Psychoanalytic
D)Trait

Question 71

The neo-Freudians agreed with Freud's ideas on

A)our inborn,basic destructive impulses.
B)the importance of later adult experiences influencing personality development.
C)the important roles of sexuality and aggression in personality development.
D)the unconscious influences on behavior.

Question 72

Which neo-Freudian introduced the concept of the inferiority complex into discussions of psychological adjustment?

A)Adler
B)Fromm
C)Horney
D)Jung

Question 73

Dr.Law is giving a lecture on radical behaviorism.Which of the following terms might you be surprised to hear as part of the lecture?

A)Covert behavior
B)Unconscious
C)Overt behavior
D)Contingencies

Question 74

Freud placed much more emphasis on __________ than either Adler or Jung.

A)the unconscious
B)sexuality
C)anxiety
D)childhood

Question 75

Who is NOT a psychodynamic personality theorist?

A)Carl Rogers
B)Alfred Adler
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Carl Jung

Question 76

The collective unconscious is associated with which theorist?

A)Jung
B)Freud
C)Adler
D)Horney

Question 77

A common criticism of Adler,Freud,and Jung's theories of personality development is

A)they place too much importance on adolescence and not enough on early childhood experiences.
B)they overestimate the importance of the conscious mind in personality development.
C)they are filled with unfalsifiable claims.
D)they underestimate the human capacity for engaging in selfish and destructive actions.

Question 78

Compared to Freud himself,the neo-Freudians placed more importance on __________ and less on __________.

A)sexuality; social drives
B)unconscious; personality
C)social drives; unconscious
D)social drives; sexuality

Question 79

__________ disagreed with Freud's concept of penis envy in females.

A)Carl Jung
B)Carl Rogers
C)Karen Horney
D)Alfred Adler

Question 80

Adler suggested that the principal motive in human personality is

A)sex.
B)striving for superiority.
C)aggression.
D)self-actualization.