Deck 17: Nutrition During the Growing Years

Question 1

Total calorie needs peak for females at about age ____.

A)3 to 4 years
B)6 to 7 years
C)11 to 13 years
D)15 to 16 years

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When adolescence ends,males have ____ as much body fat as females.

A)one-third
B)half
C)two-thirds
D)four-fifths

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A child is considered underweight when ________.

A)BMI-for-age drops below the 25th percentile
B)weight-for-age drops below the 10th percentile
C)BMI-for-age drops below the 5th percentile
D)stature-for-age drops below the 25th percentile and weight-for-age drops below the 10th percentile

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Infants and children who do not grow at the expected rate for several months are more than likely experiencing ________.

A)epiphyseal growth
B)failure to thrive
C)physical depression
D)poor socialization

Question 5

A child is diagnosed as obese when ________.

A)BMI-for-age reaches the 85th percentile
B)stature-for-age reaches the 95th percentile
C)BMI-for-age reaches the 95th percentile
D)weight-for-age reaches the 90th percentile

Question 6

Growth plates at the end of long bones are called ________.

A)calcification
B)osteoporosis
C)rickets
D)epiphyses

Question 7

Which is true about growth in height?

A)It cannot occur after the epiphyses fuse.
B)It cannot occur before the epiphyses fuse.
C)The epiphyses are not related to growth in height.

Question 8

Changes in height and weight in children are used to indicate ________.

A)the effectiveness of the caregiver
B)long-term effects of nutrition
C)energy intake
D)the child's genetic potential for development

Question 9

Except for pregnancy and lactation,the total quantities of nutrients and calories needed during ____ are greater than any other stage of the life cycle.

A)infancy
B)childhood
C)adolescence
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 10

Throughout the adolescent years,both males and females gain about ____% of their adult height.

A)5
B)15
C)25
D)35

Question 11

Over time,measurements of height,weight,and head circumference ________.

A)are used to assess an infant's growth and development
B)are used to compare an infant's growth to others of the same age and gender
C)are used by pediatricians to look for health problems
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 12

What are the causes of failure to thrive?

A)Physical problems
B)Poor infant-parent interactions
C)Inborn errors of metabolism
D)All of these choices are correct.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 13

Which is a good indicator of long-term nutritional status?

A)Stature-for-age
B)BMI-for-age
C)Head circumference-for-age
D)All of these are good indicators of recent nutritional status.

Question 14

Newborns need about ____ calories per pound of body weight each day.

A)10
B)25
C)50
D)100

Question 15

During the first year of life,the infant increases in length by ________% over what it was at birth.

A)20
B)33
C)50
D)100

Question 16

When adolescence ends,females have ____ as much lean body mass as males.

A)one-third
B)half
C)two-thirds
D)four-fifths

Question 17

When adolescence ends,both males and females weigh _____% more than when they entered this life stage.

A)10 to 25
B)25 to 45
C)45 to 85
D)75 to 105

Question 18

By the age of _____ years,body water levels are similar to those of adults.

A)2 to 3
B)5 to 6
C)8 to 9
D)11 to 13

Question 19

According to present-day growth charts,an infant will double its birth weight at about ________ months of age and will triple its birth weight at about ________ months.

A)4 to 6; 12
B)2 to 3; 6
C)10; 12 to 18
D)12; 18

Question 20

An infant's birth weight ________ during the first year of life.

A)increases very little
B)doubles
C)triples
D)quadruples

Question 21

Compared to foremilk,hind milk has ________.

A)more fat
B)more protein
C)fewer calories
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 22

With the possible exception(s)of _____,human milk provides all the nutrients needed during the first 6 months of life.

A)vitamin D
B)iron
C)fluoride
D)All of these choices are accurate.
E)None of these choices are accurate.

Question 23

The high metabolic rate of infants results from ________.

A)their large surface area of its body
B)the calories needed to digest food
C)the physical activity of the infant
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 24

Infant iron stores are exhausted by _________ of age and need to be replaced by their diet.

A)0 to 2 months
B)4 to 6 months
C)7 to 8 months
D)10 to 12 months

Question 25

Which protein in human milk increases iron absorption?

A)Casein
B)Lactalbumin
C)Lactoferrin
D)Bifidus factor

Question 26

About how much protein should an 18-pound (i.e.,8.2 kg),10-month-old baby consume each day?

A)8 grams
B)24 grams
C)12 grams
D)32 grams

Question 27

In developing countries,inadequate intake of ____ is a primary contributor to stunted growth,childhood illness,and death.

A)carbohydrate
B)protein
C)fat
D)vitamin A

Question 28

The protein needs of an infant are about ___ as much per pound of body weight as adults'.

A)one-fourth
B)half
C)twice
D)three times

Question 29

What percent of calories should total fat make up in an infant's diet?

A)20% or less
B)20 to 30%
C)40 to 55%
D)50 to 75%

Question 30

It is best to avoid serving cow's milk until the infant reaches the age of ________.

A)6 months
B)10 months
C)12 months
D)18 months

Question 31

About how much protein should a 24-pound (i.e.,11.0 kg),2-year-old be consuming each day?

A)12 grams
B)28 grams
C)38 grams
D)50 grams

Question 32

Fluoride supplements should be given to ________.

A)breastfed infants beginning at 1 month old
B)infants after 6 months of age if the home's water supply is not fluoridated
C)all children until they begin using fluoride-containing toothpaste
D)None of these choices are accurate.

Question 33

Why do infants have a greater need for water than older humans?

A)Infants have a high body surface area.
B)Infants have a greater proportion of body water.
C)Infants' kidneys are not as efficient.
D)All of these responses are correct.
E)None of these responses are correct.

Question 34

Which infants have special vitamin needs?

A)Infants at birth need vitamin K.
B)Breastfed infants need iron supplements.
C)Breastfed infants whose mothers are vegans need vitamin B-12 supplements.
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 35

An infant may suffer from water intoxication when ________.

A)fed water instead of formula
B)the weather is hot
C)infant formula powder is underdiluted
D)the infant has a fever

Question 36

Why are adolescents at risk for iron deficiency anemia?

A)Blood volume is expanding.
B)Menstruation begins in females.
C)Lean body mass increases in males.
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 37

When is an infant likely to need supplemental water?

A)When the infant has a fever
B)When the infant has diarrhea
C)When the weather is hot
D)All of these choices are correct.
E)None of these choices are correct; an infant never needs supplemental water.

Question 38

High-protein diets are not good for infants ________.

A)unless they are highly digestible proteins
B)because they are hypoallergenic
C)because the infant's kidneys cannot clear large amounts of urea every day
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 39

Which is NOT true about the fat in human milk?

A)The type of fatty acids in human milk depends on the mother's diet.
B)The fats in human milk are provided by the mother's diet and are synthesized in the breast.
C)Human milk is low in cholesterol and linoleic acid.
D)Human milk contains omega-3 fatty acids to support brain and eye development.

Question 40

The primary carbohydrate in the diet of most infants is ________.

A)sucrose
B)glucose
C)lactose
D)maltose

Question 41

An advantage to infants of being breastfed is ________.

A)reduced risk for food allergies
B)enhanced visual acuity and learning ability
C)reduced risk for crooked teeth
D)reduced risk for diarrhea
E)All of these are advantages of breastfeeding for the infant.

Question 42

Which is NOT a sign that an infant may be ready for solid foods?

A)The infant can sit alone with support.
B)The extrusion reflex is strong.
C)The infant can make a chewing motion.
D)The infant demands to be fed 8 to 10 times daily.

Question 43

The time to introduce solid foods to an infant's diet depends on his or her ________.

A)nutritional needs
B)physiological capabilities
C)physical abilities
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 44

Which food on this list is NOT appropriate for an infant less than one year old?

A)egg yolk
B)honey
C)orange juice
D)cooked and strained vegetables

Question 45

Which of these foods pose a choking hazard for infants and children? (Check all the apply)

A)popcorn
B)peanut butter
C)nuts
D)grapes
E)All of these foods pose choking hazards.

Question 46

Why is cow's milk not recommended for infants?

A)Its calcium content is too low.
B)Its vitamin E content is too high.
C)Its protein content is too high.
D)Its vitamin C content is too high.
E)All of these responses are accurate.

Question 47

How can you tell a breastfed infant is receiving adequate nourishment?

A)The infant has 6 or more wet diapers daily.
B)Weight gain is normal.
C)The infant has 1 to 2 bowel movements daily that look like lumpy mustard.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 48

If human milk or infant formula is not available,____ can provide a safe,nutritious alternative for infants.

A)sweetened condensed milk
B)soy drinks
C)evaporated milk
D)All of these are healthy alternatives to human milk or infant formula.
E)None of these are healthy alternatives to human milk or infant formula.

Question 49

When a new food is introduced,the amount that should be served is ________.

A)1 teaspoon
B)2 tablespoons
C)1/4 cup
D)1/3 cup

Question 50

What is wrong with giving juice in a bottle or propping up a bottle of formula for the child to drink at bedtime?

A)Nothing.The child loves it.
B)Sugar bathes the teeth,bacteria grow,acids are produced from sugar,and acids dissolve tooth enamel.
C)It is best for an infant to be held when drinking from a bottle for the sense of security that it provides.
D)Often,the contents of the bottle spoil,which can lead to gastrointestinal upsets.

Question 51

When serving a food for the first time to an infant,________.

A)the food should be a single-ingredient (not mixed)food item
B)wait several days before serving another new food
C)expect the baby to eat only a few bites
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 52

By age 1 year,the calories provided from human milk or formula should be ____ the calories provided by solid food.

A)twice as high as
B)equal to
C)half as many as
D)one-third as high as

Question 53

Introducing solid foods to an infant's diet before the infant needs them can ________.

A)strain the young infant's organs
B)help the child sleep through the night
C)help the child walk at a younger age
D)help the child achieve optimal height

Question 54

Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants?

A)rice
B)wheat
C)barley
D)oats

Question 55

When are many babies ready for finger foods?

A)3 months of age
B)6 months of age
C)8 months of age
D)9 months of age

Question 56

What are signs that an infant has had enough eat?

A)Becoming playful
B)Falling asleep
C)Turning head away or not paying attention
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 57

The first solid food usually introduced to the infant's diet is ________.

A)cow's milk
B)strained fruits
C)pureed meats
D)iron-fortified infant cereals

Question 58

A baby should be burped ________.

A)every 2 to 3 minutes during feeding
B)after giving 1 to 2 ounces of formula
C)at the beginning of the feeding
D)when the baby begins to spit up a bit of milk

Question 59

For normal-weight children,reduced-fat milk should be introduced into a child's diet ________.

A)after 5 years of age
B)after 4 years of age
C)after 2 years of age
D)after 6 months of age

Question 60

It is recommended that honey not be given to infants because it ________.

A)is high in energy
B)may contain Salmonella
C)may contain Clostridium botulinum spores
D)is too sweet

Question 61

What is the recommended treatment for childhood obesity?

A)Increase physical activity.
B)Decrease intake of high-fat,high-energy foods.
C)Modify problem behaviors,such as snacking while watching TV.
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 62

Menarche is ________.

A)cell division
B)cell growth
C)the onset of menses
D)the excretion of lipids,waxes,and triglycerides
E)excessive restlessness

Question 63

To get a child to try a new food,________.

A)offer food rewards,such as a favorite dessert
B)add sugar or butter to the food
C)employ the "one bite" rule
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 64

What factor contributes to childhood obesity?

A)TV watching or playing video games
B)Genetics
C)High-fat,high-energy snacks
D)Little physical activity
E)All of these choices are correct.

Question 65

One-third of all growth in a lifetime occurs during adolescence.

Question 66

Children who experience constipation usually ________.

A)drink too much water
B)drink too much milk
C)eat too many snacks
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 67

The preschool years are characterized by ________.

A)a slower growth rate
B)a decreased appetite
C)changes in eating behavior
D)All of these choices are accurate.

Question 68

Which is NOT a common mealtime challenge with preschoolers?

A)Picky eating
B)Food jags
C)Refusing to eat
D)Pica

Question 69

Which foods are NOT likely to appeal to preschool children? (Check all that apply)

A)beef stew
B)tuna casserole
C)spicy chicken
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 70

Instead of a double cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant for lunch,the hungry adolescent could make a healthier choice by choosing ____ instead.

A)french fries
B)a hot dog and cola
C)a vegetable pizza
D)fried chicken
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 71

A child who exhibits signs of ____ may be suffering from undernutrition.

A)fatigue
B)increased susceptibility to infection
C)underweight
D)All of these are signs of undernutrition.

Question 72

To help children develop good nutritional habits,________.

A)limit the number of new foods they are offered
B)let children make some choices about the food they eat
C)serve new foods at the end of the meal when the child is not hungry
D)be certain children finish all the food they are served

Question 73

Typical sign(s)of dehydration in an infant are/is ________.

A)no or few tears when crying
B)severe drooling
C)ear aches
D)All of these are signs of dehydration.

Question 74

A baby that sleeps with a bottle filled with formula has an increased risk for ________.

A)ear infections
B)diarrhea
C)allergies
D)colic

Question 75

Per pound of body weight,nutrient needs during adolescence are higher than during any other stage of the lifecycle.

Question 76

Iron deficiency anemia is most likely to occur ________.

A)between birth and age 3 months
B)between the ages of 12 and 24 months
C)between the ages of 3 to 5 years
D)after the child starts school

Question 77

An appropriate serving size of carrots for a 3-year-old is ________.

A)3 teaspoons
B)3 tablespoons
C)1/3 cup
D)2/3 cup

Question 78

What is a likely nutritional problem of adolescent girls?

A)Not drinking milk
B)Iron deficiency anemia
C)Frequent dieting
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 79

Which food-related behaviors can negatively affect the quality of adolescents' diets? (Check all that apply)

A)meal skipping
B)snacking
C)eating out
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 80

What do preschool children like to eat?

A)Familiar foods
B)Foods served at comfortable temperatures
C)Mild flavors
D)Crisp-textured foods
E)All of these choices are accurate.