Deck 8: Alcohol

Question 1

The ADH pathway of alcohol metabolism converts ethanol into ________.

A)citric acid
B)NADH
C)acetyl-CoA
D)pyruvate

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Moderate drinking is most accurately defined as ________.

A)up to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men
B)up to 7 drinks per week for women and 14 drinks per week for men
C)up to 2 drinks per day for women and 3 drinks per day for men
D)less than 1 drink per day for women and men

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A blood alcohol level of _____ is defined as legal intoxication in the U.S.and Canada.

A)0.05
B)0.08
C)0.10
D)0.50

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine by ________.

A)passive diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)simple diffusion
D)active transport

Question 5

The symptoms of acetaldehyde buildup during alcohol metabolism include ________.

A)flushing
B)rapid heartbeat
C)hyperventilation
D)All of these symptoms can occur.

Question 6

A standard drink is defined as ________.

A)16 oz beer
B)12 oz wine cooler
C)5 oz wine
D)3 oz hard liquor

Question 7

The process of fermentation involves all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)simple sugars,such as maltose
B)yeast
C)carbon dioxide
D)bacteria

Question 8

Wine generally contains ________ alcohol.

A) $\leq$ 5%
B)5-14%
C)15-22%
D)>22%

Question 9

The alcohol content of an 80-proof tequila is ________.

A)80%
B)40%
C)20%
D)100%

Question 10

Binge drinking for a male is defined as having _______ or more drinks on a single occasion.

A)2
B)4
C)5
D)10

Question 11

What percent of North Americans consume alcohol?

A)10%
B)33%
C)65%
D)84%

Question 12

The main organ responsible for ethanol metabolism is the ________.

A)liver
B)pancreas
C)small intestine
D)stomach

Question 13

Women absorb 30-35% more ethanol directly from the stomach than men because women ________.

A)have slower rates of gastric emptying
B)tend to eat more food when consuming alcoholic beverages
C)have lower amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase in the cells lining the stomach
D)absorb all substances,including ethanol,more efficiently

Question 14

When the MEOS pathway is induced,alcohol tolerance _______ because the rate of alcohol metabolism __________.

A)increases; decreases
B)decreases; increases
C)decreases; decreases
D)increases; increases

Question 15

A standard drink contains _____ grams of alcohol.

A)5
B)10
C)14
D)25

Question 16

The population group with the highest rate of alcohol consumption is ________.

A)elderly adults
B)teenagers
C)college students
D)middle-aged adults

Question 17

Binge drinking on college campuses is associated with ________.

A)academic problems
B)auto accidents
C)sexual abuse
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 18

When consumed in low to moderate amounts,alcohol is primarily metabolized by the ________________ pathway.

A)catalase
B)MEOS
C)alcohol dehydrogenase
D)peroxidase

Question 19

Alcohol absorption occurs in the ________.

A)stomach
B)small intestine
C)esophagus
D)stomach and small intestine

Question 20

The highest concentration of ethanol is found in ________.

A)beer
B)wine
C)distilled spirits
D)wine coolers

Question 21

Alcohol requires no digestion.

Question 22

Compared with men,women produce more alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in the stomach.

Question 23

Liver cirrhosis is characterized by ________.

A)decreased synthesis of proteins made in the liver
B)abnormal retention of fluid in the abdomen
C)poor nutritional status
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 24

The problems of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependency ________.

A)are very infrequent in the United States
B)affect nearly 1 in 3 Americans over a lifetime
C)are untreatable problems
D)affect only those with other serious problems,such as poverty,unemployment,or mental health disorders

Question 25

Medications used to treat alcohol dependence act on ________.

A)the brain to reduce alcohol cravings
B)the liver to block complete metabolism of alcohol
C)the stomach to prevent alcohol absorption
D)both the brain to reduce alcohol cravings and the liver to block complete metabolism of alcohol

Question 26

The risk of developing a problem with alcohol is higher in those ________.

A)with a biological parent with alcohol problems
B)who are women
C)who begin drinking heavily in middle-age
D)who are of Asian descent

Question 27

Which of the following is not a common nutritional concern in alcoholics?

A)vitamin B-12 deficiency
B)protein-energy malnutrition
C)vitamin A toxicity
D)iron deficiency

Question 28

Detrimental effects of excessive alcohol consumption include higher rates of ________.

A)high blood pressure and stroke
B)cancers of the mouth and throat
C)liver disease and liver failure
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 29

Excessive alcohol intake can lead to deficiencies of niacin,thiamin,vitamin B-6,vitamin B-12,and folate.

Question 30

Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption include lower rates of ________.

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)many types of cancer
C)cardiovascular disease
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 31

Alcoholism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)cirrhosis of the liver
B)jaundice
C)type I diabetes
D)alcoholic hepatitis

Question 32

When the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the liver's metabolic capacity,blood alcohol levels increase and symptoms of intoxication develop.

Question 33

An early sign of alcohol-induced liver damage is ________.

A)liver cirrhosis
B)ascites
C)jaundice
D)steatosis

Question 34

The recommendation for alcohol consumption during pregnancy is ________.

A)no alcohol at all
B)limit to one drink per week
C)to follow current guidelines for moderate drinking
D)to avoid binge drinking

Question 35

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is the _______ deficiency disease that results from severe alcohol abuse.

A)vitamin A
B)thiamin
C)niacin
D)vitamin B-12

Question 36

Compared to men,women absorb approximately 30-35% more unaltered alcohol from the stomach into the bloodstream.

Question 37

Excess consumption of some alcoholic beverages can lead to deficiencies of iron and zinc.

Question 38

Moderate alcohol intake has been associated with increased HDL cholesterol levels.

Question 39

Alcoholics often have trouble with night blindness.This results from ________.

A)impaired absorption of several B-vitamins
B)fluid accumulation in the eye
C)damage to brain cells
D)impaired absorption and transport of vitamin A

Question 40

Guidelines for safe drinking recommend that women should have no more than 2-3 drinks per day.

Question 41

Because alcohol cannot be stored in the body,it has priority in metabolism over other energy sources.

Question 42

The small intestine is the primary site for alcohol metabolism.

Question 43

A chronic alcoholic presents with muscle twitching and cramping.He is also complaining of spasms in his muscles that he cannot seem to control.What nutrient is he likely deficient in?

A)Iron
B)Folate
C)Magnesium
D)Niacin

Question 44

Extremely high blood alcohol levels can lead to respiratory failure.

Question 45

Which of the following individuals would show signs of alcohol intoxication the fastest?

A)25-year-old male with a normal BMI who has not eaten today
B)35-year-old female with a normal BMI who has eaten a high fat meal 1/2 hour before starting to drink
C)22-year-old female with a high BMI who has eaten a high carbohydrate meal just before ordering her first drink
D)28-year-old male with a high BMI who has had a protein shake before ordering his first drink

Question 46

Which of the following meals would slow the rate of absorption of alcohol the most?

A)Pancakes with syrup
B)Bacon cheeseburger and french fries
C)Spaghetti
D)Baked chicken breast and baked potato

Question 47

An 80-proof vodka or gin is 80% alcohol.

Question 48

Signs of alcohol poisoning include hypoglycemia and severe dehydration.

Question 49

Binge drinking is associated with vandalism and suicide.

Question 50

What would happen to the liver of an individual who was diagnosed with steatosis if he or she abstained from alcohol?

A)He or she would progress to alcoholic hepatitis.
B)He or she would progress to cirrhosis.
C)He or she would progress to liver cancer.
D)They would reverse his or her condition.

Question 51

If a nursing mother consumes 1 to 2 drinks of alcohol,when is it safe to breastfeed?

A)2 hours after last drink
B)30 minutes after last drink
C)1 hour after last drink
D)She should not breastfeed at all if she chooses to drink.

Question 52

Moderate alcohol consumption is most accurately defined as no more than 7 or 14 drinks per week for women and men,respectively.

Question 53

How would moderate alcohol consumption benefit a 70-year-old widow who has no previous history of heart disease?

A)Alcohol could stimulate her appetite to get more needed nutrients and calories.
B)Alcohol could improve her production of estrogen.
C)Alcohol could decrease her chances of developing type II diabetes.
D)Alcohol could help her absorb more nutrients.

Question 54

List 3 of the leading causes of death in North America that are associated with excessive consumption of alcohol.