Deck 6: Lipids

Question 1

Arachidonic acid is associated with ________.

A)glucose metabolism
B)omega-3 fatty acid metabolism
C)omega-6 fatty acid metabolism
D)cholesterol metabolism

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which is correct regarding trans fatty acids?

A)They raise HDL and LDL cholesterol.
B)They lower LDL cholesterol.
C)They raise blood cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol.
D)They raise blood glucose.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following lipids is a precursor for estrogen and bile?

A)Cholesterol
B)Alpha-linoleic acid
C)Ecosinoids
D)Saturated fat

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which essential fatty acid is responsible for lowering the risk of coronary heart disease?

A)alpha-linolenic
B)linoleic
C)omega-6 fatty acids
D)omega-9 fatty acids
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 5

Phospholipids consist of ________.rev: 08_20_2014_QC_52532

A)glycerol and three fatty acids
B)glycerol,two fatty acids,and phosphate
C)multiple chemical rings
D)chylomicrons

Question 6

Lipids with high saturated fatty acid content are ____________ at room temperature.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)warm
D)gaseous

Question 7

The chief contributors of saturated fatty acids in the U.S.diet include ________.

A)whole grains
B)sunflower,soybean,and safflower oils
C)lecithins
D)animal products

Question 8

In what form is most body fat stored?

A)cholesterol
B)phospholipids
C)triglycerides
D)None of these are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly characterizes lipids?

A)They do not dissolve in water.
B)They contain carbon,hydrogen,and nitrogen.
C)They dissolve in water.
D)They are all classified as sterols.

Question 10

Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are classified as _________ fatty acids.

A)essential
B)nonessential
C)saturated
D)trans

Question 11

Which of the following groups of foods would contribute a substantial amount of monounsaturated fatty acids to the diet?

A)olive oil,peanuts,and almonds
B)beef franks,bologna,and ham
C)carrots,beets,and peppers
D)bacon,eggs,and butter

Question 12

All of the following are ways in which fatty acids can differ from one another EXCEPT ________.

A)number of double bonds
B)degree of saturation
C)chain length
D)average number of calories per gram

Question 13

Monounsaturated fatty acids ________.

A)are liquid at room temperature
B)have one double bond in the fatty acid chain
C)lower cholesterol
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 14

Saturated fatty acids predominate in which of the following lipids?

A)canola oil
B)safflower oil
C)butter
D)olive oil

Question 15

The functions of fat include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A)build and repair tissue
B)cushion and protect vital organs
C)insulate the body
D)transport fat-soluble vitamins

Question 16

Lard,butter,and cream are rich sources of ________.

A)saturated fatty acids
B)monounsaturated fatty acids
C)polyunsaturated fatty acids
D)trans fatty acids

Question 17

Lecithin is classified as a ________.

A)triglyceride
B)phospholipid
C)sterol
D)fatty acid

Question 18

Which of the following fats and oils provides the most polyunsaturated fatty acids?

A)olive oil
B)butter
C)soybean oil
D)lard

Question 19

Fats that are liquid at room temperature can be made more solid by the process of ________.

A)saponification
B)hydrogenation
C)emulsification
D)calcification

Question 20

Recommendations suggest that we consume approximately 20% of our fat as monounsaturated fats.All of the following would be appropriate to use to achieve this goal EXCEPT ________.

A)peanut oil
B)canola oil
C)coconut oil
D)olive oil

Question 21

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)are the principal transport vehicle for _______ in the blood.

A)glucose
B)triglycerides
C)phospholipids
D)cholesterol
E)free fatty acids

Question 22

Ergosterol is a type of sterol found in ________.

A)eggs
B)meat
C)plants
D)None of the above are correct.

Question 23

In the Mediterranean Diet,the majority of fat in the diet is supplied by ________.

A)olive oil and olives
B)red meat
C)eggs
D)dairy
E)cheese

Question 24

High levels of ______ in the blood are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

A)LDL
B)HDL
C)total cholesterol
D)triglycerides

Question 25

Oxidized LDL in the blood is picked up by the ________.

A)B100 receptor
B)scavenger pathway
C)B48 receptor
D)No cell can pick up oxidized LDL.

Question 26

Mike has been told to reduce his fat intake to less than 30% of his total calories.It has been recommended to him that he consume an average of 2000 calories per day.How many grams of fat should he consume per day?

A)76 grams
B)67 grams
C)80 grams
D)93 grams

Question 27

According to guidelines from the American Heart Association for the general population,saturated fats ________.

A)should constitute no more than 7% of total energy in the diet
B)are quite visible in foods,so they should be eliminated from the diet to reduce risk of heart disease
C)are only a health risk if they come from a food that has been fried
D)are only a health risk if they come from gravies,desserts,and dairy products

Question 28

Fat digestion begins in the ________.

A)intestines
B)stomach
C)mouth
D)liver

Question 29

All the following are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids EXCEPT ________.

A)walnuts
B)salmon
C)avocados
D)flaxseed oil

Question 30

Cholesterol is ________.

A)not essential in the diet; the human body can synthesize it
B)not found in foods of plant origin
C)an important part of human cell membranes and is necessary to make some hormones
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 31

Lipoproteins are important for ________.

A)transport of fats in the blood and lymphatic system
B)synthesis of triglycerides
C)synthesis of adipose tissue
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 32

A fatty acid with 10 carbons will be absorbed via the ________.

A)lymphatic system
B)portal system
C)kidney system
D)None of the above are correct.

Question 33

Lingual lipase breaks down ________.

A)triglycerides
B)proteins
C)carbohydrates
D)None of these choices are correct.

Question 34

LDL clearance in the plasma is mediated via the ______ receptor.

A)B-48
B)B-100
C)CII
D)A

Question 35

Individuals with bleeding disorders taking anticoagulants or scheduling surgery should be cautious about which supplement?

A)Omega-6 fatty acids
B)Omega-9 fatty acids
C)Omega-3 fatty acids
D)None of the above.

Question 36

Which lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to tissues?

A)chylomicron
B)low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
C)high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
D)chylomicron remnant

Question 37

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest proportion of protein?

A)LDL
B)VLDL
C)HDL
D)chylomicrons

Question 38

Most experts agree that dietary cholesterol intake should be limited to _______ mg per day.

A)200
B)300
C)400
D)500

Question 39

The 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that total fat intake should not exceed __________ of total calories and saturated fat intake be limited to _______ of total calories.

A)20%; 1%
B)20%; 5%
C)35%; 10%
D)50%; 10%

Question 40

Lipoprotein lipase functions to ________.

A)absorb fatty acids and glycerol into the lymph
B)reassemble chylomicrons into lipoproteins
C)break down triglycerides from lipoproteins for transfer into cells
D)break down diglycerides into cholesterol for transfer into cells

Question 41

Trans fatty acids are now considered more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids because they ________.

A)are unnatural and only form during fat processing
B)cause excessive blood clotting
C)elevate LDL levels,while decreasing HDL
D)cause sudden cardiac arrest in post-menopausal women

Question 42

All of the following are uncontrollable risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT ________.

A)gender
B)age
C)genetics
D)hypertension

Question 43

Margarine is usually made by a process called ________,in which hydrogen atoms are added to double covalent bonds in the polyunsaturated fatty acids found in vegetable oils.

A)saturation
B)isomerization
C)esterification
D)hydrogenation

Question 44

All fat-free foods are healthy for you.

Question 45

A stroke ________.

A)blocks blood flow in the brain
B)reduces blood flow in the heart
C)reduces blood flow to the gut
D)is not associated with fats or lipids

Question 46

High-density lipoproteins function in lipid transport by ________.

A)delivering cholesterol to target cells throughout the body
B)picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources for delivery to other lipoproteins and the liver for disposal
C)slowly carrying newly synthesized fats from the liver to various body cells
D)moving newly absorbed dietary fat through the intestinal wall

Question 47

Which apolipoprotein is responsible for activating lipoprotein lipase?

A)Apo B-48
B)Apo C-II
C)Apo C
D)Apo B-100

Question 48

Which of the following is considered a desirable blood level for total cholesterol?

A)200 mg/dl or less
B)300 mg/dl or less
C)400 mg/dl or less
D)500 mg/dl or less

Question 49

Since monounsaturated fats are healthier,consuming them in excessive amounts is always considered good.

Question 50

Excessive amounts of omega-3 fatty acids can ________.

A)impair the immune system
B)cause excessive bleeding
C)cause hemorrhagic stroke
D)All of these choices are correct.
E)None of these choices are correct.

Question 51

Which of the following is a risk factor for heart disease?

A)Total blood cholesterol level greater than 200 mg/dl
B)LDL level lower than 100 mg/dl
C)Vigorous physical activity
D)HDL level greater than 60 mg/dl

Question 52

Excessive intakes of saturated fatty acids tend to ________.

A)increase cholesterol deposited in arteries
B)decrease cholesterol levels in the veins
C)be of no concern to heart disease
D)increase HDL levels in the blood

Question 53

The ____ pathway for LDL uptake is a means by which LDL contributes to plaque formation in blood vessels.

A)receptor
B)atherosclerotic
C)intermediate
D)scavenger

Question 54

Blockage of a major artery is caused by a blood clot.These clots may form when ________.

A)cholesterol plaques build up in artery walls
B)HDL invades artery walls
C)the dietary intake of cholesterol is less than 200 mg per day
D)LDL fails to remove cholesterol from artery walls

Question 55

A diet designed to reduce elevated serum LDL cholesterol levels ________.

A)is low in saturated fats
B)is reduced in dietary cholesterol
C)provides adequate amounts of soluble fiber
D)All of these choices are correct.

Question 56

The decrease in HDL due to the decrease of estrogen in postmenopausal women plays a part in the increased risk of heart disease that occurs in older women.

Question 57

Which of the following blood levels of LDL cholesterol would increase risk for cardiovascular disease?

A)100 mg/dl or less
B)130 mg/dl or less
C)130-159 mg/dl
D)over 160 mg/dl

Question 58

High blood levels of HDL are protective against heart disease.

Question 59

Americans eat more omega-3 fatty acids than omega-6 fatty acids.

Question 60

Immediately after a meal,newly digested and absorbed dietary fats appear in the lymph,and then the blood,as a part of which of the following?

A)LDL
B)HDL
C)chylomicrons
D)cholesterol

Question 61

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)is associated with

A)glucose metabolism.
B)omega-3 fatty acid metabolism.
C)omega-6 fatty acid metabolism.
D)cholesterol metabolism.

Question 62

Plants contain cholesterol.

Question 63

Eicosanoids are

A)responsible for fat transport in the bloodstream.
B)proteins that act like fat.
C)part of an omega-9 fatty acid.
D)substances that produce diverse hormone-like effects on the body.

Question 64

Lecithin and bile are examples of emulsifiers.

Question 65

Trans fatty acids raise HDL and lower LDL.

Question 66

Dietary cholesterol should not exceed 300 milligrams per day.

Question 67

Lipids with high polyunsaturatd fatty acid content are ____________ at room temperature.

A)solid
B)liquid
C)warm
D)gaseous