Deck 40: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

The nurse is aware that which muscle group is both striated and involuntary?

A) Skeletal
B) Glial
C) Cardiac
D) Visceral

Answer 1

Cardiac

Question 2

What are the smallest living components in our body?

A) Cells
B) Organs
C) Electrons
D) Osmosis

Answer 2

Cells

Question 3

What is the type of tissue composed of cells that contract in response to a message from the brain or spinal cord?

A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Membrane
D) Muscle

Answer 3

Muscle

Question 4

____ explains the processes and functions of many structures of the body and how they interact with one another.

A) Anatomy
B) Mitosis
C) Filtration
D) Physiology

Question 5

When several organs and parts are grouped together for certain functions, they form:

A) tissues.
B) systems.
C) cells.
D) membranes.

Question 6

What traits describe visceral muscles?

A) Smooth and voluntary
B) Smooth and involuntary
C) Striated and voluntary
D) Striated and involuntary

Question 7

What does the transverse body plane divide?

A) The front and back (coronal) of the body
B) The body lengthwise (two equal halves)
C) The superior and inferior portions of the body
D) The body into axial and appendicular

Question 8

What is the largest organelle, responsible for cell reproduction and control of other organelles?

A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus

Question 9

When the patient complains of pain in the bladder, the patient will indicate discomfort in which body cavity?

A) Pelvic
B) Mediastinum
C) Dorsal
D) Abdominal

Question 10

In anatomic terminology, posterior means toward the:

A) tail.
B) head.
C) back.
D) trunk.

Question 11

What is the term for movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration?

A) Absorption
B) Filtration
C) Diffusion
D) Osmosis

Question 12

What are the distinct surface proteins of the plasma membrane essential in determining?

A) Tissue typing
B) Blood count
C) Effectiveness of a drug
D) Sexual maturity

Question 13

Caudal is defined as toward the ____.

A) head
B) feet
C) tail
D) chest

Question 14

The four phases of cell division all occur in:

A) diffusion.
B) mitosis.
C) osmosis.
D) filtration.

Question 15

Telophase is which phase of cell reproduction during mitosis?

A) First phase
B) Latent phase
C) Final phase
D) Spindle phase

Question 16

The anatomic structure that is not in the thoracic cavity is/are the _____.

A) Heart
B) Lungs
C) Blood vessels
D) Transverse colon

Question 17

How are the thoracic and abdominal cavities separated?

A) By the pleura
B) By the diaphragm
C) By the sagittal plane
D) By the peritoneum

Question 18

What is the broad section of biology dealing with the description of human structure?

A) Hematology
B) Anatomy
C) Kinesiology
D) Physiology

Question 19

What is a group of several different kinds of tissues arranged so that together they can perform a more complex function than any tissue alone?

A) Organ
B) System
C) Cell
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

The anatomic term ____ means toward the midline.

A) anterior
B) posterior
C) medial
D) cranial

Question 21

Which of the following are passive transport mechanisms that move material across the cell membranes? (Select all that apply.)

A) Diffusion
B) Evaporation
C) Filtration
D) Osmosis
E) Mitosis
F) Anaphase

Question 22

The body plane that divides the body into the ventral and dorsal section is the_________ plane.

Question 23

What is the function of epithelial membranes?

A) Secretes mucus, lines ends of bones, and lines bursae
B) Lines ends of bones, secretes synovial fluid, and lines internal surfaces of organs
C) Covers the wall of lower digestive tract, secretes mucus, and lines lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium
D) Lines lungs, peritoneum, and pericardium, and secretes synovial fluid

Question 24

What are tissues that cover the outside of the body and some internal structures?

A) Connective
B) Epithelial
C) Nerve
D) Muscle

Question 25

Which of the following are characteristics of visceral muscles? (Select all that apply.)

A) Involuntary
B) Smooth
C) Striated
D) Independent from the spinal cord
E) Voluntary
F) Present in the blood vessels

Question 26

Using a poster, the nurse demonstrates the protection of the nucleus. Arrange the layers starting with the most superficial. (Separate letters by a comma and space as follows: A, B, C, D)

A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Nuclear membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Plasma membrane
E) Cytoplasm

Question 27

The nurse explains that pinocytosis is a process by which cells:

A) divide.
B) take in extracellular fluid.
C) use a chemical pump.
D) convert mitochondria.

Question 28

The nurse explains that ___________are small saclike structures inside the cell that digest compounds that have invaded the cell.

Question 29

The nurse clarifies that the three functions of epithelial tissue are _____________,___________, and __________.

Question 30

What is the process by which a cell digests a foreign material by surrounding it?

A) Pinocytosis
B) Phagocytosis
C) Absorption
D) Diffusion

Question 31

List in order of increasing complexity the structural levels of organization of the body. (Separate letters by a comma and space as follows: A, B, C, D)

A) Body as a whole
B) Cellular
C) Organs
D) Tissue
E) Chemical
F) System

Question 32

When the nurse assesses an arm in proximal to distal order, the assessment is performed from:

A) the shoulder to the fingers.
B) front to back.
C) fingers to the center of the body.
D) center of the body to the fingers.

Question 33

Which are among the 11 body systems? (Select all that apply.)

A) Lymphatic
B) Cellular
C) Digestive
D) Reproductive
E) Accessory
F) Spinal cord

Question 34

What is the term for the passage of water containing dissolved materials through a membrane as the result of a greater mechanical force on one side?

A) Metabolism
B) Mitosis
C) Filtration
D) Osmosis

Question 35

Active transport in the movement of ions and other water-soluble particles across cell membranes requires that the body uses its::

A) rapid filtration.
B) charged diffusion.
C) a chemical pump.
D) osmosis.

Question 36

What are the thin sheets of tissue that lubricate and line the body surfaces that open to the outside environment?

A) Mucous membranes
B) Serous membranes
C) Cytoplasm
D) Involuntary visceral muscles

Question 37

Place the body structures in cranial-caudal priority. (Separate letters by a comma and space as follows: A, B, C, D)

A) Ribs
B) Neck
C) Clavicle
D) Mandible
E) Radius
F) Occiput

Question 38

The nurse clarifies that the dorsal cavity is composed of the (select all that apply) :

A) Descending colon
B) Kidneys
C) Gallbladder
D) Brain
E) Pancreas
F) Spinal cavities

Question 39

What is the type of tissue associated with the storage of fat?

A) Areolar tissue
B) Adipose tissue
C) Osseous tissue
D) Muscle tissue

Question 40

The nurse is aware that when a patient complains of pain in the epigastric region, the source of the pain is most likely to be a disorder involving the:

A) gallbladder.
B) transverse colon.
C) stomach.
D) appendix.