Deck 7: World War I: the Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad, 1914-1920

Question 1

Why did Germany decide to resume unrestricted submarine warfare in January 1917?

A) It did not believe the United States had any intention of entering the war.
B) It felt it could win the war before the United States could bring its army to Europe.
C) Its army in France was nearly defeated and it had nothing to lose.
D) It had received intelligence reports that America was mobilizing for war.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which divisions did European countries establish before the outbreak of World War I?

A) Western Europe and Eastern Europe
B) The Axis powers and the Allied nations
C) The Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance
D) The British and the German empires

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The Selective Service Act of 1917 authorized the armed forces to conscript

A) more than five million men and women.
B) all young men.
C) African Americans and veterans of the Spanish-American War.
D) only those who were already serving in the country's reserve units.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to President Wilson,American neutrality entailed

A) the right to offer nonmilitary aid to the Allies.
B) free trade with all nations at war and a guarantee of safety on the open seas.
C) an embargo on all private passenger ships traveling between the British Isles,Europe,and the United States.
D) a mediator role in the peace process.

Question 5

What triggered the outbreak of World War I in 1914?

A) The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria by a Bosnian Serb terrorist
B) German pillaging in Belgium that preceded its attack on and invasion of France
C) The monarch's objection to the national election of a socialist prime minister in Poland in 1914
D) The accidental sinking of the British passenger ship Lusitania by German U-boats

Question 6

On August 3,1914,Germany declared war on Russia and

A) Serbia.
B) Austria-Hungary.
C) France.
D) Great Britain.

Question 7

How did William Jennings Bryan react to President Wilson's threat to break diplomatic relations with Germany?

A) Bryan resigned,feeling the president was too cautious in a time of war.
B) Bryan resigned because he felt the president had placed the U.S.on a collision course with Germany.
C) Bryan offered public support for the president's decision to break diplomatic relations with Germany.
D) Bryan switched his allegiance to the Republican party because more Republicans than Democrats opposed going to war.

Question 8

Why did President Wilson allow billions of dollars in loans that kept American goods flowing to Britain and France in 1916?

A) He had publicly abandoned the idea of neutrality.
B) He hoped to bait the Germans into declaring war on the United States.
C) He did not believe that the loans were inconsistent with the true spirit of neutrality.
D) He did not want to jeopardize America's wartime prosperity.

Question 9

What motivated the rebellion of Mexican farmers led by Pancho Villa in 1916-17?

A) The rebels wanted to restore the government of General Victoriano Huerta.
B) The rebels wanted government subsidies as compensation for crops lost in a major drought.
C) The rebels believed that the new American-backed government had betrayed the revolution's promise to help the common people.
D) The rebelling farmers sought American aid to help them restore their fields after they were damaged during the civil war under General Victoriano Huerta.

Question 10

President Wilson justified which decision by declaring that he would not support a "government of butchers"?

A) Dispatching troops to Latin America after the outbreak of World War I
B) Pulling American troops out of the Dominican Republic
C) Intervening in Mexico's affairs after the Mexican Revolution
D) Supporting the establishment of a dictatorship in Haiti

Question 11

What was the impact of Great Britain's blockade of Germany in 1914?

A) The United States immediately cut off trade with Great Britain.
B) Trade between the United States and Great Britain increased.
C) Trade between the United States and Germany was not affected.
D) President Wilson immediately declared war against Germany.

Question 12

The immediate cause of President Wilson's decision to ask Congress for a declaration of war against Germany in 1917 was

A) the discovery of the German's true hostility toward the U.S.through the Zimmermann telegram.
B) German submarine attacks on five American vessels off the coast of Great Britain.
C) pressure from Theodore Roosevelt and other powerful and influential interventionists.
D) the discovery of German submarines poised to attack American cities on the Atlantic coast.

Question 13

How did President Wilson respond to the Germans' sinking of the Lusitania?

A) He threatened a break in diplomatic relations with Germany.
B) He reiterated William Jennings Bryan's call for peace.
C) He declared war on Germany.
D) He warned Americans about sailing on foreign ships that might carry arms.

Question 14

According to Map 22.2: European Alliances after the Outbreak of World War I,which nation remained neutral following the outbreak of World War I?

A) Luxembourg
B) Bulgaria
C) Albania
D) Serbia

Question 15

How did Germany react to the 1914 blockade?

A) By sending submarines to America's East Coast
B) By declaring war on the United States
C) By beginning a submarine blockade of Great Britain
D) By attacking American ships

Question 16

How did President Wilson respond to the initial outbreak of war in Europe in 1914?

A) He issued a proclamation of America's absolute neutrality.
B) He sided with the Allies.
C) He banned trade with any nation involved in the war.
D) He immediately deployed U.S.troops to Europe.

Question 17

Once Congress declared war against Germany in April 1917,President Wilson stated the Americans' goal in the war was to

A) vindicate the principles of peace and justice.
B) destroy Germany and the other Axis powers.
C) restructure Europe to exclude Germany.
D) prevent Germany from conquering the United States.

Question 18

Which of the following describes Wilson's experience in the presidential election of 1916?

A) He faced two opponents: Theodore Roosevelt and Charles Evans Hughes.
B) He won the election but only by a very small margin.
C) Divisions in the Democratic party compelled him to run on the Reform ticket.
D) He promised that he would continue to keep the United States out of the war in Europe.

Question 19

The American war poster "Chums" emphasized what aspect of the U.S.effort in World War I?

A) America's military might
B) German evil as opposed to American righteousness
C) The lavish excess of German life
D) The strong bonds between America and its allies

Question 20

Which of the following describes the Zimmermann telegram that made headlines in 1917?

A) It revealed German plans to destroy the Panama Canal.
B) It encouraged Mexico to recruit men for service in the German army.
C) It promised Mexico its lost provinces in the United States if it would declare war on its northern neighbor.
D) It conveyed the Germans' belief that the United States would adhere to its neutral position.

Question 21

Why were the Germans outraged by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

A) They did not believe they had lost the war.
B) They had agreed to an armistice based on Wilson's Fourteen Points.
C) They had expected that France would take sole blame for causing the war.
D) Their Asian colonies were assigned to Japan.

Question 22

Which nation suffered the most casualties in World War I?

A) The United States
B) Great Britain
C) France
D) Germany

Question 23

"I have kept Thanksgiving sacred to reflections upon the long trail behind us,and the triumph which was its inevitable conclusion.John Adams said long after the Revolution that only about one third of the people were for it,a third being against it,and the remaining third utterly indifferent.Perhaps this proportion applies to all movements.At least a third of the women were for our cause at the end....As I look back over the years ...I realize that the greatest thing in the long campaign for us was not its crowning victory,but the discipline it gave us all...." Carrie Chapman Catt compared the struggle for women's suffrage to what other historic fight?

A) Civil War
B) World War I
C) American Revolution
D) Spanish-American War

Question 24

What was the impact of the labor shortage that resulted from the mobilization of U.S.troops in 1917?

A) Expanded employment opportunities for women
B) A decrease in the nation's agricultural output
C) Weakened labor unions by depriving them of members
D) Expanded U.S.immigration quotas to grow the workforce

Question 25

To ensure the loyalty of an immigrant nation to the cause of war,President Wilson

A) demanded that public schools add recent world events to their curricula.
B) enforced meatless and wheatless weekends so that Americans would understand how Europeans were suffering.
C) launched a government-sponsored propaganda campaign to foster patriotism among ethnic groups.
D) made it illegal for Americans to identify publicly with their ethnic origins.

Question 26

What was the impact of World War I on partisan politics in the 1918 elections in the United States?

A) The national commitment created political unity and silenced partisan politics.
B) Republicans used the war to achieve narrow majorities in the House and Senate.
C) The American victory in the war widened the Democratic majority in the House and Senate.
D) Widespread anti-German sentiment threatened the unity of the Republican party and its continued role in American politics.

Question 27

Woodrow Wilson selected General John Pershing to command the American Expeditionary Force in Europe because

A) Pershing's romantic patriotism reminded the president of Theodore Roosevelt.
B) Pershing had a longstanding affiliation with West Point.
C) Pershing was known for the kind of level-headed efficiency many progressives believed was needed in modern warfare.
D) the president believed that Pershing's lack of battle experience would actually be an asset in the war.

Question 28

What did President Wilson call for in his Fourteen Points?

A) A return to the prewar status quo
B) The right of Europeans to self-determination
C) Strict punishment of the German nation
D) The United Nations to begin meeting immediately

Question 29

What was the irony of the 369th Regiment of the 92nd Division winning more medals than any other American combat unit?

A) This black regiment had to serve with the French in order to be deployed in active combat versus a labor unit detail.
B) It spent barely a month in battle.
C) It lost most of its battles during the war.
D) It consisted primarily of German immigrants.

Question 30

What reform or reforms did the National War Labor Policies Board enact successfully during World War I?

A) Health insurance,increased wages,and a pension plan for government employees
B) Death and disability insurance for workers in industries involved in war production
C) The eight-hour workday,a living minimum wage,and collective bargaining rights in some industries
D) Compensated sick days for all American workers no matter how long they had been in their jobs

Question 31

What did the Allies hope to gain in negotiating the 1919 peace treaty in Paris?

A) Leniency in dealing with the German people
B) An end to secret treaties and alliances
C) Free trade among all European nations
D) Disarmament and punishment for Germany

Question 32

Which statement describes African Americans' participation in the war?

A) Most refused to fight on behalf of a discriminatory country.
B) They received the same treatment as white soldiers.
C) Most saw actual combat action,not just labor service.
D) They accounted for 370,000 of American forces.

Question 33

The war provided a huge boost for the temperance movement and led to what outcome by late 1917?

A) Congressional passage of the Eighteenth Amendment
B) Prohibition victories in more than half the states
C) Prohibitionists' determination to lead a new national Temperance Commission
D) The establishment of a national drinking age of twenty-one to prevent the sale of liquor to minors

Question 34

Which event led the German republic to seek an armistice in 1918?

A) Battle of the Somme
B) Battle at Château-Thierry
C) Siege of Paris
D) The offensive along the Meuse River

Question 35

The U.S.government passed the Espionage Act,the Trading with the Enemy Act,and the Sedition Act during World War I to

A) promote patriotism among groups who might be loyal to Germany.
B) quiet conscientious objectors and other critics of the war.
C) punish anything it considered disloyal,profane,scurrilous,or abusive.
D) warn German citizens that dissent would be punished by deportation.

Question 36

What resulted from the patriotic fervor that grew in the United States during World War I?

A) The German language disappeared from public school curricula.
B) German speech was banned in public settings.
C) All German citizens living in the United States were detained.
D) German immigrants were refused naturalization.

Question 37

Which group of American senators opposed the Treaty of Versailles?

A) Democratic interventionists
B) Republican isolationists
C) Democratic party loyalists
D) Roosevelt progressives

Question 38

"...If we be indeed democrats and wish to lead the world to democracy,we can ask other peoples to accept in proof of our sincerity and our ability to lead them whither they wish to be led,nothing less persuasive and convincing than our actions. ...They are looking to the great,powerful,famous democracy of the West to lead them to a new day for which they have so long waited; and they think,in their logical simplicity,that democracy means that women shall play their part in affairs alongside men and upon an equal footing with them.
)..We have made partners of the women in this war.Shall we admit them only to a partnership of suffering and sacrifice and toil and not to a partnership of privilege and right?
This war could not have been fought,either by the other nations engaged or by America,if it had not been for the services of the women-services rendered in every sphere....
)..I tell you plainly that this measure which I urge upon you is vital to the winning of the war and to the energies alike of preparation and of battle.
)..And not to winning the war only.It is vital to the right solution of the great problems which we must settle,and settle immediately,when the war is over.We shall need in our vision of affairs,as we have never needed them before,the sympathy and insight and clear moral instinct of the women of the world....We shall need their moral sense to preserve what is right and fine and worthy in our system of life as well as to discover just what it is that ought to be purified and reformed.Without their counsellings we shall be only half wise."
What was one of Woodrow Wilson's arguments for passing the Nineteenth Amendment allowing women to vote?

A) That if African Americans can vote,then white women should be allowed to as well
B) That allowing women to vote would prevent them from turning against the United States during the war
C) That allowing women to vote is essential to winning the war
D) That after the war,the United States could revoke women's right to vote

Question 39

How were Wilson's Fourteen Points honored in the Versailles treaty?

A) The treaty included the establishment of the League of Nations.
B) The treaty guaranteed freedom of the seas for all nations.
C) Germany's colonies in Asia were granted self-determination.
D) Germany was required pay war reparations to its former rivals.

Question 40

President Wilson created the Committee on Public Information to

A) silence the antiwar film industry.
B) ban novels written by German authors.
C) stir up patriotism with posters,pamphlets,cartoons,and press releases.
D) protect war critics like Jane Addams and Emily Greene Balch.

Question 41

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
Amendment banning the manufacture,transportation,and sale of alcohol,passed by Congress in December 1917 and ratified in January 1920.

Question 42

How did the U.S.Supreme Court rule in the case of Schenck v.United States (1919)?

A) It struck down federal restrictions on free speech that had been imposed during the war.
B) It overturned Charles Schenck's conviction for urging resistance to the wartime draft.
C) It ruled that Charles Schenck's actions posed a clear and present danger to the nation in a time of war.
D) It upheld the conviction of Charles Schenck for threatening to assassinate the president and vice president.

Question 43

What was the American Red scare of 1919 and 1920?

A) A fear of internal subversion and Communist revolution that resulted in suppression of dissent
B) A frightening series of strikes led by Communist radicals in the United States
C) An epidemic of Spanish influenza that claimed the lives of some 700,000 Americans
D) A protest by socialist reformers who circulated posters and pamphlets and marched on Washington

Question 44

What important trait was emphasized in the "self-help card" distributed by the "Chicago League on Urban Conditions among Negros"?

A) Cleanliness
B) A loud speaking voice
C) Religious devotion
D) Friendliness

Question 45

Why did Senator Henry Cabot Lodge oppose the Treaty of Versailles?

A) He believed that Great Britain should be allowed to retain its empire.
B) He feared it would allow Wilson to win the presidency again in 1920.
C) He feared the League of Nations would interfere with American autonomy in foreign policy matters.
D) He thought Germany should be forced to pay higher reparations than those specified in the agreement.

Question 46

When Warren G.Harding declared a need for "normalcy" in America,he called for which of the following?

A) A regular steady order of things,without excess
B) An America of yesteryear,when life was simpler
C) Rugged individualism and self-help,without the government interference
D) A repeal of the constitutional amendment allowing women to vote

Question 47

How did African Americans seek to escape the South's cotton fields and kitchens between 1915 and 1920?

A) They moved in large numbers to California,Oregon,and Washington state.
B) They left the South for northern industrial cities such as Detroit and Cleveland.
C) They founded new communities in Kansas and Oklahoma.
D) They participated in the war effort at home and abroad and won recognition for their diverse talents.

Question 48

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
British passenger liner torpedoed by a German U-boat on May 7,1915.The attack killed 1,198 passengers,including 128 Americans.The incident challenged American neutrality during World War I and moved the United States on a path toward entering the war.

Question 49

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
The widespread fear of internal subversion and Communist revolution that swept the United States in 1919 and resulted in suppression of dissent.Labor unrest,postwar recession,the difficult peacetime readjustment,and the Soviet establishment of the Comintern all contributed to this fear.

Question 50

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
American armed forces under the command of General John Pershing,who fought under a separate American command in Europe during World War I.They helped defeat Germany when they entered the conflict in full force in 1918.

Question 51

What was one result of the racial and demographic shifts that took place during World War I?

A) Race riots in two dozen northern cities
B) Better treatment of those blacks who remained in the South
C) Greater acceptance of blacks by whites throughout the nation
D) Legislative action in the South to stop blacks from leaving

Question 52

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
Woodrow Wilson's 1918 plan to create a new democratic world order with lasting peace.It affirmed basic liberal ideals,supported the right to self-determination,and called for the creation of a League of Nations.Wilson compromised on his plan at the 1919 Paris peace conference,and the U.S.Senate refused to ratify the resulting treaty.

Question 53

What did Mexican migrants to the American Southwest,immigrants from Europe,and black migrants from the South have in common?

A) All dreamed of a better life but found a mix of opportunity and disappointment.
B) All chose to relocate in urban centers with significant industrial development.
C) All readily assimilated into a comfortable middle-class life.
D) None faced significant discrimination in their new homes.

Question 54

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
Proposed in the Fourteen Points,this international organization was designed to secure political independence and territorial integrity for all states and thus ensure enduring peace.The U.S.Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles,and the United States never became a member.

Question 55

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
This early-twentieth-century pact between Germany,Austria-Hungary,and Italy was part of a complex network of diplomacy intended to prevent war in Europe by balancing power.In actuality,such agreements made large-scale conflict more likely.

Question 56

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
Russian revolutionaries who forced Czar Nicholas II to abdicate and seized power in Russia in 1917.In a separate peace with Germany,their new revolutionary government withdrew Russia from World War I.

Question 57

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
Treaty signed on June 28,1919,that ended World War I.The agreement redrew the map of the world and assigned Germany sole responsibility for the war,saddling it with a debt of $33 billion in damages.Many Germans felt betrayed by the treaty.

Question 58

Why did the United States fail to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations?

A) President Wilson would not compromise on the terms of the treaty.
B) Americans overwhelmingly opposed the League of Nations.
C) The House of Representatives voted against the treaty's ratification.
D) President Wilson's health limited his ability to lobby the members of Congress for their support.

Question 59

What was the outcome of the return to free enterprise in the United States after World War I?

A) Unprecedented levels of employment and workers' well-being
B) Steady prices and continued gains for the workers class
C) Greater cooperation between government,business,and labor unions
D) A rise in unemployment and new conflicts between business and labor

Question 60

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
This 1919 Supreme Court decision established a "clear and present danger" test for restricting free speech.

Question 61

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
Amendment granting women the vote,passed by Congress in 1919 and ratified in August 1920.

Question 62

Use the following to answer questions 66-77:

A)American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
B)Bolshevik
C)Eighteenth Amendment (prohibition)
D)Fourteen Points
E)League of Nations
F)Lusitania
G)Nineteenth Amendment (woman suffrage)
H)Red scare
I)Schenck v.United States
J)Triple Alliance
K)Triple Entente
L)Versailles treaty
Match the term with the definition.
This early-twentieth-century pact between Great Britain,France,and Russia was formed as part of a complex network of diplomacy intended to prevent war in Europe by balancing power.In actuality,such agreements made large-scale conflict more likely.