Deck 6: Progressive Reform, 1890-1916

Question 1

What was the uprising of twenty thousand in 1909?

A) A strike by women garment workers in New York City who were protesting low wages,dangerous working conditions,and management's refusal to recognize their union
B) A strike by steelworkers in Pennsylvania who were protesting low wages and inhumane working conditions
C) A walkout of public-school students in Boston who were protesting the physical conditions of the schools
D) A nationwide walkout of workers in the meatpacking industry who were protesting unsanitary working conditions and low wages

Answer 1

A

Question 2

In his capacity as a reform governor of California from 1911 to 1917,Hiram Johnson

A) introduced the direct primary but failed to strengthen the state's railroad commission.
B) published his book,The Octopus,that criticized the Southern Pacific Railroad.
C) supported conservation,the initiative,referendum,and recall.
D) vetoed both the direct primary and recall.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

One of Cleveland mayor Thomas Lofton Johnson's primary goals was to

A) close municipal buildings one hour before sundown to conserve electricity.
B) reduce Cleveland's streetcar system's fare from five cents to three cents.
C) use a fare increase on the city's streetcars to retire the city's skyrocketing debt.
D) privatize the city's gasworks in order to make central heating available to the Cleveland's working-class population.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Elevating productivity and efficiency but alienating the working class,Frederick Winslow Taylor pioneered the practice of

A) supply-side economics.
B) mechanized labor.
C) systematized shop management.
D) laissez-faire.

Question 5

The 1909 strike at New York City's Triangle Shirtwaist Company demonstrated that

A) middle-class women would abandon working-class women when economic conditions deteriorated.
B) women could not organize successfully on a large scale.
C) women workers could create solidarity across social and ethnic lines.
D) class divisions among workers could help them organize more effectively.

Question 6

Why did progressives launch the social purity movement?

A) To regulate the food industry
B) To attack prostitution and other vices
C) To advocate the use of birth control among immigrants
D) To clean up corrupt urban politics

Question 7

Taken together,what did President Roosevelt's actions in the anthracite coal strike of 1902 and the dissolution of Northern Securities in 1904 demonstrate about the U.S.government?

A) Roosevelt's administration would act independently of big business.
B) Government officials were willing to make deals with big business to maintain economic stability.
C) The federal government would continue to side with management in major labor disputes.
D) The government was virtually powerless to withstand lobbyists and other powerful business interests.

Question 8

How did the American progressive movement begin and evolve?

A) It originated at the federal level of government and worked its way down to rank-and-file Americans.
B) It began at the federal level of government and essentially stayed there.
C) It began at the grassroots level and percolated up to the national level of government.
D) It started at the local level and had very little effect on state and national governments.

Question 9

Who wrote In His Steps,the popular 1898 book that called on men and women to Christianize capitalism?

A) Jane Addams
B) Lillian Wald
C) Mary Kenney O'Sullivan
D) Charles M.Sheldon

Question 10

What did American women of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries conclude about the settlement house movement?

A) It did not allow them to act in unorthodox ways and required traditional feminine decorum.
B) It excluded Catholics,Jews,and other non-Protestants.
C) It was dominated by white males who had little confidence in women's abilities.
D) It gave women opportunities to use their talents to help society.

Question 11

The progressives that influenced the United States between 1890 and 1916 were

A) reformers with a broad agenda of concerns.
B) poorly educated urbanites intent on Americanizing immigrants.
C) reformers who advocated the full separation of church and state.
D) women who sought to legislate morality.

Question 12

What idea formed the core of reform Darwinist theory in progressive-era America?

A) People are powerless in the face of the law of natural selection.
B) Laissez-faire is the most effective means of solving society's problems.
C) Reform should always be a slow and thoughtful process.
D) The state should play a more active role in solving social problems.

Question 13

The temperance reform movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries stigmatized

A) middle-class white women.
B) the Protestant clergy.
C) the Irish,Italians,and Germans.
D) those who refused to drink alcohol.

Question 14

Lawyers used a mass of sociological evidence in the 1908 Muller v.Oregon case to demonstrate

A) the ill effects on workers of prolonged exposure to toxic fumes.
B) the ill effects of working long hours on the health and safety of women.
C) that women are stronger than men in some situations and should be paid more.
D) that railroads should hire at least as many women as men in all operational areas.

Question 15

What assumption lay at the foundation of the American progressive agenda in the early twentieth century?

A) Humans should leave progress to the dictates of natural selection.
B) Social engineering is a dangerous and unethical practice.
C) The American president must lead the way for social reform.
D) Experts have the skills and knowledge to use scientific methods to improve society.

Question 16

What did Jane Addams quickly learn was necessary to alleviate social problems in Chicago?

A) Paying bribes to corrupt city officials
B) Access to the vote
C) Great independent wealth
D) Involvement in political action

Question 17

How did Wisconsin governor Robert La Follette unite his supporters during the first years of the twentieth century?

A) He emphasized reform over party loyalty.
B) He appealed to Republicans' conservative economic views.
C) He called for an end to progressive reform efforts.
D) He emphasized party loyalty over reform.

Question 18

What was the outcome of the strike by 147,000 anthracite coal miners in Pennsylvania in 1902?

A) The collapse of the mining industry
B) Formal recognition of the United Mine Workers
C) Federal government control of the coal industry
D) A reduction in hours worked and an increase in wages

Question 19

According to Theodore Roosevelt,the absolutely vital question facing the nation when he became president in 1901 was whether

A) the government had the power to control the trusts.
B) Congress had the moral wherewithal to remove corrupt members.
C) the United States should have continued to speak softly but carry a big stick.
D) the United States could avoid another severe economic downturn before the implementation of a national banking system.

Question 20

What did the social gospel movement of the late nineteenth century advocate?

A) It urged the distribution of free Bibles in cities.
B) It called for the reform of both individuals and society.
C) It argued that charity begins at home.
D) It called for corporate funds to build churches throughout the nation.

Question 21

What happened to progressive reform after Democrats swept the congressional elections of 1910?

A) Reform came to a standstill.
B) Progressives focused on expanding the role of the federal government.
C) It continued in areas such as mine and railroad safety and workday limitations.
D) Its visibility continued only in relation to the area of conservation.

Question 22

According to Map 21.3: The Election of 1912,which of the following statements is true?

A) Woodrow Wilson won the majority of the electoral and popular votes.
B) Woodrow Wilson won the majority of the electoral votes,but Theodore Roosevelt won the popular vote.
C) The Socialist Party candidate won eight electoral votes.
D) Overall,the Republican Party received the least amount of votes.

Question 23

Which of the following describes a significant difference between William Howard Taft's presidency and that of Theodore Roosevelt?

A) Unlike Roosevelt,Taft refused to compromise with business leaders.
B) Taft believed it was up to the courts,not the president,to arbitrate social issues.
C) Unlike Roosevelt,Taft wanted to strengthen the powers of the executive branch.
D) Taft completely ignored the tariff issue,which was the hallmark of the Roosevelt administration.

Question 24

To obtain the Panamanian isthmus for construction of a canal in 1903,the United States

A) negotiated a treaty and paid a fair price for the property.
B) backed an uprising in Panama arranged by New York investors.
C) declared war with Colombia,which controlled the isthmus at the time.
D) submitted its cause to international arbitration.

Question 25

According to Map 21.1: National Parks and Forests,which of the following was the most recently established national park or forest?

A) Guadalupe Mountains
B) Bryce Canyon
C) Redwood National Park
D) Yellowstone National Park

Question 26

President Roosevelt inherited the Open Door Policy,which was designed to

A) institute free trade with all capitalist nations of the world.
B) ensure American commercial entry into China.
C) lift all U.S.restrictions on immigration.
D) facilitate the entry of Asian immigrants to the United States.

Question 27

In the 1905 political cartoon titled "The World's Constable," why was Theodore Roosevelt surrounding by smaller,pleading figures?

A) To emphasize his imposing physical stature
B) To represent the global need and desire for Roosevelt and the United States to act as the world's policemen
C) To signify the power and might of white men over foreigners
D) To emphasize America's military might and new role as an empire

Question 28

How did President Roosevelt influence land conservation during his administration?

A) He reduced the amount of conserved land by nearly half.
B) He more than quadrupled the acreage of government reserves.
C) He was unable to increase the amount of acreage saved owing to Congress's inaction.
D) He expanded the acreage of government reserves nearly tenfold.

Question 29

Which of the following statements describes Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom?

A) It incorporated his belief in federal planning and the regulation of big business.
B) It incorporated his belief in limited government,states' rights,and open markets.
C) It was based on the notion that centralized government was the most effective means of broadening democracy.
D) It was very similar to Theodore Roosevelt's New Nationalism.

Question 30

The Hepburn Act (1906)marked the first time that

A) the federal government attempted to curb the power of the railroads.
B) the Republicans were able to pass a major piece of regulatory legislation.
C) a government commission was authorized to examine the records of a private business and to set prices.
D) the railroads admitted that they had engaged in unfair and discriminatory business practices.

Question 31

What did J.P.Morgan receive in return for his actions in the Panic of 1907?

A) A firm rebuke from President Roosevelt for interfering in government affairs
B) The tacit approval of President Roosevelt for U.S.Steel's acquisition of Tennessee Coal and Iron
C) The promise of antitrust proceedings if he went forward with the purchase of Tennessee Coal and Iron
D) The chairmanship of the Federal Reserve Board for the remainder of Roosevelt's administration

Question 32

President Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for his role in

A) the Spanish-American War.
B) the revolution in the Philippines.
C) the Russo-Japanese War.
D) the Panamanian uprising against Colombia.

Question 33

What did President Roosevelt believe was the best way to deal with trusts in the first decade of the twentieth century?

A) Break up as many as possible
B) Break them up and then allow them to reorganize along federal guidelines
C) Allow them to continue but with federal government regulation
D) Allow them to continue and to operate as they chose

Question 34

Which of the following statements describes the primary difference between preservationists and conservationists in the early twentieth century?

A) Preservationists sought to protect the wilderness from all commercial exploitation,while conservationists advocated its efficient use.
B) Conservationists sought to protect the wilderness from all commercial exploitation,while preservationists advocated its efficient use.
C) Preservationists openly supported Roosevelt's environmental policies,while conservationists did not.
D) Preservationists secured Roosevelt's support,while conservationists did not.

Question 35

To compensate for the revenue that would be lost as a result of the new Underwood tariff,in 1913 the House of Representatives passed

A) an act permitting Wilson to request money from J.P.Morgan.
B) federal taxes on liquor and cigarettes.
C) the federal income tax.
D) the Federal Reserve Act of 1913.

Question 36

According to Map 21.2: The Panama Canal,1914,what was one benefit of the Panama Canal?

A) The U.S.Navy could navigate through the middle of Costa Rica.
B) The U.S.Navy could navigate more quickly from New York to the southern coast of Africa.
C) The U.S.Navy had a shorter path from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
D) The Caribbean Sea became accessible to the U.S.Navy for the first time.

Question 37

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

A) set up the United States as the police power in the Western Hemisphere.
B) relaxed the doctrine's restrictions on European nations.
C) guaranteed that the United States never had to send troops to Latin American nations.
D) reversed the policy of the Monroe Doctrine.

Question 38

Which of the following describes President Taft's "dollar diplomacy" in the Caribbean?

A) It set commercial rather than strategic goals.
B) It attempted to increase U.S.influence in the region by hiring nationals and paying them U.S.dollars.
C) It differed little from President Roosevelt's policies in the region.
D) It offered Caribbean nations a favorable rate of exchange with the United States.

Question 39

What was the purpose of the 1907 "Gentlemen's Agreement" between the United States and Japan?

A) To allow greater Japanese immigration into the United States
B) To forge an alliance between the United States and Japan in case war broke out with China
C) To allow the Japanese to save face by voluntarily restricting immigration to the United States
D) To condemn Russia for supporting Chinese goals

Question 40

Which of the following statements describes the Federal Reserve Act of 1913?

A) It had little effect on the U.S.economy.
B) It was passed by the House and Senate over President Wilson's veto.
C) It was the most significant piece of domestic legislation in Wilson's presidency.
D) It was designed to curb the economic power of the federal government.

Question 41

During his first term as president,Woodrow Wilson refused to support child labor laws,woman suffrage,and labor's demand for an end to injunctions because he

A) opposed affording special privileges to any group.
B) could not find support for those measures in Congress.
C) didn't want to offend big-business interest groups.
D) found little support for those measures in his own political party.

Question 42

What was the response to Margaret Sanger's first efforts to launch a movement for birth control in 1915?

A) Theodore Roosevelt publicly endorsed her efforts.
B) Boston and Chicago lobbied her to open clinics in those cities.
C) Medical associations openly declared their support for her tactics and goals.
D) She was faced with the prospect of arrest for distributing obscene information.

Question 43

What was the fundamental difference between the philosophies of Booker T.Washington and W.E.B.Du Bois during the progressive period?

A) Washington focused on education and economic progress,while Du Bois emphasized civil rights and black leadership.
B) Washington focused on civil rights and black leadership,while Du Bois emphasized education and economic progress.
C) Du Bois lobbied for militant protest while Washington argued for nonviolent protest.
D) Du Bois believed that African Americans would be better off living in the South while Washington wanted African Americans to leave the South.

Question 44

The efforts of Alice Paul were instrumental in

A) immigration restriction.
B) Prohibition.
C) the eugenics movement.
D) woman suffrage.

Question 45

Why did President Wilson champion the Keating-Owen child labor law,an eight-hour workday for railroad workers,and other social reforms in 1916?

A) He had come to understand the need for reform in America.
B) He wanted to win support and votes in the West and Midwest.
C) He had accepted bribes and concessions from reformers.
D) He wanted to gain favor with Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis.

Question 46

Why did Margaret Sanger promote birth control in the 1910s?

A) She believed that the United States was perilously close to being overpopulated.
B) She believed it would usefully alter social and political power relationships.
C) She owned shares in several drug companies and hoped to make more profits.
D) She believed it was an issue she could use to win a seat in Congress.

Question 47

The Progressive Era's Jim Crow laws in the South were designed to

A) offer economic incentives to black businesses.
B) strengthen earlier civil rights legislation.
C) legalize and expand racial segregation in public facilities.
D) ensure black sharecroppers adequate compensation for their labor.

Question 48

Beginning in the 1890s,progressive southerners sought to reform the electoral system in the South by

A) establishing new political parties.
B) disfranchising black voters.
C) preventing woman suffrage.
D) voting for Republican social reforms.

Question 49

What did Eugene V.Debs advocate as an alternative to the progressive programs of the Republicans and Democrats?

A) Communism as the only way to save America
B) The creation of one big union of unskilled workers to create social change
C) A government takeover of private enterprise in order to spread the wealth
D) That men and women liberate themselves from the barbarism of private ownership and wage slavery

Question 50

What did President Wilson hope to accomplish by supporting the Clayton Act of 1914?

A) The Supreme Court's willingness to end the abuses of big business
B) Legislation that would make it more difficult for workers to organize labor unions
C) The promotion of legislation that would redistribute national income
D) Legislation outlawing "unfair competition" practices such as price discrimination