Deck 7: Problem Analysis an Decision Making

Question 1

Once the problem has been identified in the decision-making process,you will need to:

A)develop alternatives.
B)follow up and evaluate.
C)select the best alternative.
D)gather facts relevant to the problem.
E)evaluate each alternative.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A style of decision making that has a low tolerance for ambiguity and seeks rationality is the:

A)directive style.
B)conceptual style.
C)self-managed team.
D)analytic style.
E)behavioral style.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The first step in the decision-making process is to:

A)diagram a decision tree.
B)identify the problem.
C)evaluate alternatives.
D)collect information.
E)interview employees.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A step in the decision-making process where you develop your creativity is the:

A)evaluation and follow-up.
B)development of alternatives.
C)identification of the problem.
D)collection of relevant information.
E)implementation of the decision.

Question 5

A decision tree analyzes all of the following EXCEPT FOR:

A)hiring.
B)investment.
C)marketing.
D)number of alternatives available.

Question 6

A process that deals with the additional cost in a particular decision rather than the average cost is called:

A)macroeconomics.
B)strategic planning.
C)marginal analysis.
D)net income.
E)net productivity.

Question 7

People using the behavioral style of decision making have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT FOR:

A)works well with others.
B)seeks acceptance.
C)concerned with achievement of others.
D)tries to avoid conflict.
E)seeks lots of information.

Question 8

A decision-making tool for supervisors that permits decision makers to place a monetary value on the various consequences likely to result from the selection of a particular course of action is called the:

A)objective strategy.
B)expected value analysis.
C)strategy formulation.
D)probability of occurrence.
E)intuitive approach.

Question 9

People using the directive style of decision making have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT FOR:

A)low tolerance for ambiguity.
B)logical.
C)seek rationality.
D)efficient.
E)consider many alternatives.

Question 10

The concept of marginal or incremental analysis helps decision makers to:

A)determine global competition.
B)analyze trade agreements.
C)project government expenditures.
D)analyze gross national product.
E)optimize returns or minimize costs.

Question 11

The following are ways to help a supervisor properly implement the decision EXCEPT FOR:

A)clarifying deadlines.
B)centralizing authority.
C)allocating necessary resources.
D)assigning responsibilities.

Question 12

Selection of the best alternative in the decision-making process depends on the following EXCEPT FOR:

A)the degree of risk that you are willing to take.
B)the accuracy of information gathered.
C)your ingenuity in developing alternatives.
D)volume of output.
E)the quality of your analysis.

Question 13

A style of decision making that characterizes managers as careful decision makers with the ability to adapt or cope with new situations is a(n):

A)behavioral style.
B)analytic style.
C)autocratic style.
D)conceptual style.
E)directive style.

Question 14

A discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs is called a:

A)problem.
B)Gantt chart.
C)bar chart.
D)PERT diagram.
E)graphic illustration.

Question 15

A rational and analytical way of looking at decisions is called the:

A)judgmental process.
B)information super highway.
C)intuitive process.
D)subjective instinct.
E)decision-making process.

Question 16

A useful way to analyze hiring,marketing,investment equipment purchases,pricing,and similar decisions that involve a progression of decisions is to use:

A)marketing research.
B)PERT diagrams.
C)just-in-time inventories.
D)a decision tree.
E)accounting procedures.

Question 17

The ethical position that requires individuals to impose and enforce rules fairly and impartially so there is an equitable distribution of benefits and costs is the:

A)justice view.
B)utilitarian view.
C)rights view.
D)management information system.
E)intuitive approach.

Question 18

The ethical position in which decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes or consequences is the:

A)self-value ethics.
B)justice view of ethics.
C)rights view of ethics.
D)utilitarian view of ethics.
E)rationalization view of ethics.

Question 19

The following are steps in the decision-making process EXCEPT FOR:

A)collecting relevant information.
B)developing objectives.
C)developing alternatives.
D)following up and evaluating.
E)selecting the best alternative.

Question 20

The following are styles of decision making EXCEPT FOR:

A)analytic.
B)directive.
C)autocratic.
D)behavioral.
E)conceptual.

Question 21

Marginal analysis deals with what type of cost in a particular decision?

A)Indirect labor cost
B)Direct labor cost
C)Net income
D)Additional cost
E)Marginal cost

Question 22

Decision trees are a useful tool to analyze all EXCEPT:

A)marketing.
B)equipment purchase.
C)investment.
D)hiring.
E)quality control.

Question 23

A simple technique for overcoming pressures for conformity that retard the development of creative alternatives is:

A)group problem solving.
B)brainstorming.
C)the Delphi technique.
D)groupthink.
E)nominal group technique.

Question 24

There are two primary reasons for decisions increasingly being made by groups.One reason is the desire to develop more and better alternatives.The other reason is:

A)pressures to conform.
B)ambiguous responsibility.
C)minority domination.
D)groups make faster decisions.
E)less reliance on the historical idea that departments and other organizational units should be separate and independent decision units.

Question 25

Solving the wrong problem perfectly is no better an outcome,and may be worse,than coming up with the wrong solution to the right problem.

Question 26

In developing alternatives,the less alternatives you can generate the better your final decision will be.

Question 27

You can improve the final outcome in the decision-making process if you acknowledge your biases and overtly attempt to control them.

Question 28

Which style of decision making is very broad in their outlook and considers many alternatives?

A)Analytic Style
B)Behavioral Style
C)Directive Style
D)Conceptual Style

Question 29

If the follow-up and evaluation indicate that the sought-after results weren't achieved,a supervisor must still implement the final decision.

Question 30

Advantages of group decision making would include the following EXCEPT FOR:

A)providing more complete information.
B)increasing acceptance of a solution.
C)permitting quick decisions.
D)generating more alternatives.
E)increasing legitimacy.

Question 31

The utilitarian view of ethics makes decisions solely on the basis of their outcomes or consequences.

Question 32

The blackjack strategy illustrates a phenomenon called:

A)representative heuristic.
B)availability heuristics.
C)escalation of Commitment.
D)unexpected event.
E)fast-breaking news event.
TRUE/FALSE.Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

Question 33

People using the directive style of decision making are efficient and logical.

Question 34

Directive-type decision makers procrastinate and focus on long-run decisions.

Question 35

Heuristics are commonly found in two formsknowledge and representative.

Question 36

When members of a group meet face-to-face and interact with one another,they create potential for:

A)group conflict.
B)total quality management.
C)self-managed teams.
D)groupthink.
E)minority domination.

Question 37

Individuals,rather than groups,tend to be making the decisions in organizations today.

Question 38

New trends toward individual rights and social justice mean that supervisors need ethical standards based on nonutilitarian criteria.

Question 39

What must you guard against when making a decision?

A)Non-programmed decisions
B)Marginal analysis
C)Utilitarian view of ethics
D)Ringisei
E)Biases

Question 40

Disadvantages of group decision making would include the following EXCEPT FOR:

A)minority domination.
B)pressures to conform.
C)providing more complete information.
D)being time consuming.
E)ambiguous responsibility.