Deck 13: Personality Theory and Assessment

Question 1

The pleasure principle is associated with which element of Freud's personality theory?

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Answer 1

id

Question 2

Many have compared Freud's idea of the mind to an iceberg. If that were the case and you were standing on the deck of a ship in Alaska, what part of the mind would you see above the water?

A) ego
B) superego
C) id
D) preconscious

Answer 2

ego

Question 3

The id is the source of the __________, which provides the psychic energy that fuels the entire personality.

A) pleasure principle
B) unconscious
C) libido
D) conscience

Answer 3

libido

Question 4

__________ is defined as a person's characteristic patterns of behavior, thinking and feeling.

A) Personality
B) Consciousness
C) Temperament
D) Conscience

Question 5

What Freud called the preconscious is very similar to __________

A) emotional awareness.
B) short-term memory.
C) long-term memory.
D) schizophrenia.

Question 6

The unique and relatively stable ways in which each individual thinks, acts, and feels is called __________

A) personality.
B) nurture.
C) a trait.
D) nature.

Question 7

Which of Freud's levels of consciousness consists of thoughts and feelings that can be easily brought into immediate awareness?

A) conscious level
B) unconscious level
C) preconscious level
D) postconscious level

Question 8

For Freud, the only personality structure present at birth is the __________

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) preconscious.

Question 9

Freud considered this to be the primary motivating force of human nature.

A) the conscious
B) the unconscious
C) the preconscious
D) sexual impulses

Question 10

In Sigmund Freud's theory, the __________ operates according to the pleasure principle.

A) id
B) ego
C) thanatos
D) superego

Question 11

The conscious mind can be compared to __________

A) a deep cave.
B) long-term memory.
C) short-term memory.
D) forgetting.

Question 12

Freud proposed that there are three levels of awareness in consciousness. Which of the following is NOT one of these levels?

A) the subconscious
B) the conscious
C) the preconscious
D) the unconscious

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the layers of consciousness proposed by Sigmund Freud?

A) conscious
B) conscience
C) preconscious
D) unconscious

Question 14

For Freud, thoughts and feelings that are well below the surface of awareness and cannot normally be recalled are in the __________ mind.

A) unconscious
B) preconscious
C) collective unconscious
D) conscious

Question 15

Charise and Noreen were having a conversation about men. "You know," Noreen said, "I think my husband tries to annoy me! Even though he tries to do what I ask, I think that subconsciously he really enjoys ticking me off to see the reactions he'll get. Freud must have been right!" Charise, who has just studied personality psychology in school, corrects Noreen by saying which of the following?

A) "You're probably right, Noreen. Freud was really into subconscious motives."
B) "Freud's theory has absolutely no validity in the modern times, Noreen. Stop analyzing your husband!"
C) "Freud really didn't address the psychological functioning of men, Noreen, only women."
D) "Well, Noreen, there really is no "subconscious" in Freud's theory!"

Question 16

"What did you have for lunch an hour ago?" Before I asked you that question, the information was in your __________

A) conscious level.
B) unconscious level.
C) postconscious level.
D) preconscious level.

Question 17

For Freud, the mind is divided into __________ levels.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 18

For Freud, material that we are not currently aware of but that can be easily recalled is in the __________ mind.

A) unconscious
B) preconscious
C) collective unconscious
D) conscious

Question 19

For Freud, ideas, thoughts, and feelings of which we are currently aware are in the __________ mind.

A) unconscious
B) preconscious
C) collective unconscious
D) conscious

Question 20

Freud believed that the __________ was the most important determining factor in human behavior and personality.

A) id
B) preconscious mind
C) manifest awareness
D) unconscious mind

Question 21

You are quite hungry but don't have a dime to your name. If you were described as "all id and only id'" what would you do?

A) distract yourself with images of food
B) steal a hot dog from the vendor on the corner
C) run all the way home to get something to eat as soon as possible
D) use the defense mechanism of denial to thwart the hunger pangs until an appropriate meal can be obtained

Question 22

In the metaphor the angel, the devil, and me, the devil is the __________

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) libido.

Question 23

What is Freud's term for the executive of the personality that has a realistic plan for obtaining gratification of an individual's desires?

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 24

Brittany drinks, parties, and often has casual sex with people she hardly knows. Freud would say that Brittany is dominated by her __________

A) superego.
B) preconscious.
C) ego.
D) id.

Question 25

Although it is two o'clock in the morning, Brent, a one month old infant, is crying for his bottle of milk. Freud would suggest this behavior reflects which part of his personality?

A) the ego
B) the superego
C) the id
D) the ego ideal

Question 26

According to Freud, the reality principle is __________

A) the way in which the ego tries to delay satisfying the id's desires until it can do so safely and successfully.
B) the way in which the id tries to obtain gratification and avoid pain.
C) the way in which the ego ideal establishes standards of what one would like to be.
D) the way in which young children instinctively seek self-actualization.

Question 27

A personality that consisted of only the ego and the id would be completely __________

A) illogical.
B) selfless .
C) rational.
D) amoral.

Question 28

The ego operates according to the __________

A) guilt/pride principle.
B) reality principle.
C) pleasure principle.
D) reflex principle.

Question 29

"If it feels good do it" best describes the __________

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) preconscious.

Question 30

According to Freud, rationality and logical thinking and reasoning are controlled by the __________

A) pleasure principle.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) animus.

Question 31

What is Freud's term for the primitive, biological side of personality?

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 32

Jessie becomes furious when her favorite hockey player is intentionally hurt by an opponent. According to Freud's model of the mind, her id would unconsciously say __________

A) "Thou shalt not kill."
B) "I'm going to tear this program in half!"
C) "What, me angry? I never get angry."
D) "I'm so angry I could kill that player."

Question 33

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Harry was mostly __________

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) conscience.

Question 34

The __________ controls the satisfaction of the id's drives in the external world.

A) personal unconscious
B) ego
C) superego
D) persona

Question 35

The job of the __________ is to find practical ways for the __________ to get its pleasure needs met without offending the morality of the __________

A) id; ego, superego.
B) ego; id; superego.
C) ego; superego; id.
D) superego; id; ego.

Question 36

Which component of a person's personality is responsible for the continuing desire to engage in sex indiscriminately?

A) ego
B) superego
C) id
D) preconscious

Question 37

For Freud, the seething cauldron of unconscious urges and desires continuously seeking expression is the __________

A) superego.
B) id.
C) ego.
D) persona.

Question 38

For Freud, the moral guardian of personality is the __________

A) id.
B) superego.
C) ego.
D) libido.

Question 39

An individual operating on the reality principle seeks __________

A) immediate gratification.
B) perfect accomplishments.
C) to reveal unconscious motivations.
D) rational means for obtaining gratification.

Question 40

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Ron was mostly __________

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) libido.

Question 41

On the surface, Robby and Davie seem to get along wonderfully as brothers. However, unconsciously Davie harbors extreme, but hidden, jealousy towards his younger brother. Freud would probably call this __________

A) regression.
B) projection.
C) repression.
D) denial.

Question 42

An unconscious technique used by the ego to defend against anxiety and maintain self-esteem is (the) __________

A) fixation.
B) Oedipus complex.
C) defense mechanisms.
D) libido.

Question 43

DeVonn feels guilty over having broken his mom's DVD player. His feeling is being driven by which component of the personality?

A) id
B) superego
C) ego
D) ego ideal

Question 44

What is Freud's term for the unconscious efforts by the ego to deny or distort reality and maintain self-esteem when unconscious conflict becomes too intense?

A) false cognitions
B) coping techniques
C) disordered thinking
D) defense mechanisms

Question 45

Dawn was recently divorced, and on the advice from her friends, she has decided not to date for at least six months so that she could become comfortable with herself once again. However, now she is convinced that most of the men at work want to ask her out, if she would only give them a sign. Dawn is likely using the defense mechanism of __________

A) suppression.
B) projection.
C) displacement.
D) reaction formation.

Question 46

In the metaphor the angel, the devil, and me, the angel is the __________

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) unconscious.

Question 47

The conscience and ego ideal are two parts of which of Freud's components of personality?

A) superego
B) id
C) ego
D) libido

Question 48

Yongmei is studying for her math test. Her boyfriend Marcus asks if she can go to the movies with him. She would love to go but she knows she has to study for the math test in order to pass the class. What part of Yongmei's personality will say "You must stay home and study because passing the class is necessary for you to graduate."

A) her ego because it is the moral conscience of her personality
B) her id because studying is what she really wants to do
C) her libido because she knows her boyfriend will love her more if she studies
D) her superego because it is this part of the personality that is the moral conscience

Question 49

There were three friends. Maybe you've heard of them! Harry was rational, logical, and cunning. Hermione was rule oriented, moral, and always ethical. Ron was pleasure seeking, found it hard to delay gratification, and usually just did what he wanted. According to Freud, Hermione was mostly __________

A) id.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) libido.

Question 50

The __________ is the component of the superego consisting of memories of those acts for which a child has been praised and provides satisfaction and pride.

A) ego
B) ego ideal
C) pleasure principle
D) conscious

Question 51

Which element in Freud's personality theory is composed of the conscience and the ego ideal?

A) id
B) ego
C) superego
D) preconscious

Question 52

According to Freud, the result of conflict between the id and superego is __________

A) libido.
B) depression.
C) psychosis.
D) anxiety.

Question 53

Arnie, a very lonely single man who never dates, tells his friend that he finds the way women constantly "hit on" him to be very unappealing. Which defense mechanism might be reflective of Arnie's behavior?

A) denial
B) projection
C) repression
D) regression

Question 54

According to Freud, the __________ acts as our conscience.

A) id
B) superego
C) ego
D) collective unconscious

Question 55

According to Freud, the most frequently used defense mechanism is __________

A) denial.
B) preconscious processing.
C) repression.
D) projection.

Question 56

Erin desperately wanted a job with a large computer company, but in her five-minute interview she failed to impress them sufficiently to get hired. When she talked about this with her friends later, she said she was glad that she didn't get the job because she didn't want to get lost in a big corporation. She'd rather get a job with an independent, small company. What defense mechanism is Erin using?

A) rationalization
B) denial
C) projection
D) sublimation

Question 57

In Freud's personality theory, the __________ are in conflict and the __________ must mediate between them.

A) ego and superego; id
B) id and superego; ego
C) id and ego; superego
D) id, ego, and superego; conscience

Question 58

In Freud's theory, the id is to fun as the superego is to __________

A) guilt.
B) pride.
C) rules.
D) freedom.

Question 59

According to Freud, when can the use of defense mechanisms have adverse effects on a person's mental health?

A) any time defense mechanisms are used, they may be detrimental as a person should learn to face conflicts head on.
B) when defense mechanisms are overused
C) when defense mechanisms are under used, the person can experience stress, with negative consequences for health
D) defense mechanisms are healthy methods of protecting the superego, and so they cannot have adverse effects on a person's mental health

Question 60

The superego develops between the ages of __________

A) 1 and 2.
B) 5 and 6.
C) 6 and 12.
D) 12 and 18.

Question 61

Shara recently moved into her own apartment. Shara's mother is appalled at the sloppy housekeeping of her daughter, but when she says anything to Shara, her daughter becomes quite hostile. Freud would describe Shara's behavior as __________

A) anal expulsive.
B) oral expulsive.
C) anal retentive.
D) latent.

Question 62

According to Freud, personality develops through a series of psychosexual stages. During infancy, the psychosexual stage is called the __________

A) latency stage.
B) oral stage.
C) anal stage.
D) phallic stage.

Question 63

Steve is extremely uptight and compulsively neat and orderly. According to Freudian theory, he became fixated at the __________ stage of psychosexual development.

A) oral
B) anal
C) latency
D) genital

Question 64

The first stage of Freud's psychosexual stage of personality development is the __________

A) genital stage.
B) phallic stage.
C) oral stage.
D) anal stage.

Question 65

Nancy was reprimanded by her boss at her job. When she got home, she yelled at her husband even though he had done nothing to provoke her anger. Which defense mechanism might explain her behavior?

A) projection
B) denial
C) displacement
D) sublimation

Question 66

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple, it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat. From a Freudian perspective, what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development?

A) Oscar was anally fixated, but Felix was not.
B) Oscar and Felix were both anally fixated, but in different ways.
C) Neither Oscar nor Felix were anally fixated. They just had different personalities.
D) Felix was anally fixated, but Oscar was not.

Question 67

The driving force for Freud's five stages of development is resolution of conflict based on __________

A) societal expectations.
B) sexual instincts.
C) the death wish.
D) a desire for existential fulfillment.

Question 68

As a young child, Darnell was always in trouble because he was 'hyperactive' and was always picking fights with other children. As he got older, Darnell started playing football in junior high and high school. His relentless pursuit and aggressive nature got him enough notice that he received a college scholarship. Darnell's classmates also noted that when he 'found sports' he started getting along better with people in general. Freud would suggest this change for the better is reflective of which defense mechanism?

A) regression
B) reaction formation
C) displacement
D) sublimation

Question 69

According to Freud's theory of personality development, there are __________ psychosexual stages through which each person must pass.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8

Question 70

What did Sigmund Freud believe could happen if our needs were delayed at a particular psychosexual stage?

A) we could become fixated at that stage
B) we would revert to our biological predispositions
C) we would be more capable of overcoming the obstacle in adulthood
D) we could become overly dependent on the superego for future guidance

Question 71

Toilet training takes place during which of Freud's psychosexual stages?

A) oral
B) anal
C) latency
D) phallic

Question 72

Dan plays the trumpet, is on the debate team, bites his nails, and chews gum. Freud might say Dan was fixated in the __________ stage.

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 73

When Freud referred to the sexual drive of babies and young children, to what was he really referring?

A) the fact that sexual orientation is established from birth
B) the fact that children focus on their bodies to give them physical pleasure
C) the fact that children need to be taught about sexual morality from a very early age
D) all of the above

Question 74

According to Freud and his followers, what is the most significant event that occurs during the anal stage of psychosexual development?

A) the child is toilet trained
B) the child discovers his or her genitals
C) the child develops sexual feelings toward the parent of the other sex
D) the child has nightmares that reflect the development of sexual feelings

Question 75

Jimmy, a minister, often preaches against pornography and "fornicators." However, recently Jimmy was arrested with a prostitute. He also admitted that he had been purchasing pornography for years. What defense mechanism might explain his behavior?

A) projection
B) denial
C) sublimation
D) reaction formation

Question 76

Sigmund Freud's psychosexual stages focus on several parts of the body identified as __________

A) focal zones.
B) erogenous zones.
C) pleasure zones.
D) unconscious zones.

Question 77

Katie's mother did not breastfeed her when she was a baby. As an adult, Katie tends to overeat, bites her nails and has what her friends call "a biting wit." It is likely that Katie has not yet resolved her __________ stage of psychosexual development.

A) anal
B) oral
C) latent
D) phallic

Question 78

In the classic sitcom The Odd Couple, it was amazing that Oscar and Felix got along because Oscar was such a slob and Felix was so obsessively neat. From a Freudian perspective, what could be said about the way these two men made it through the anal stage of development?

A) Oscar had an anal expulsive personality and Felix had an anal retentive personality.
B) Oscar had an anal retentive personality and Felix had an anal expulsive personality.
C) Both Oscar and Felix were anally fixated.
D) All of the above are

Question 79

According to Freud, during the first 12 months of life, the dominant source of sensual pleasure is the __________

A) genitals.
B) mouth.
C) hands.
D) anus.

Question 80

The age at which a baby was weaned would have most impact on the __________ stage.

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital