Deck 12: Health and Stress

Question 1

Which major life event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has the highest number of life change units?

A) divorce
B) marriage
C) death of a spouse
D) damage to the home

Answer 1

death of a spouse

Question 2

This was developed to measure stress by ranking different life events from most to least stressful.

A) The Greatest Life Challenges Scale.
B) The Negative Events Scale.
C) The Social Readjustment Rating Scale.
D) The Life Satisfaction Scale.

Answer 2

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale.

Question 3

__________ is defined as the physiological and psychological response to a condition that threatens or challenges an individual and requires some form of adaptation.

A) Fatigue
B) Stress
C) Emotion
D) Distress

Answer 3

Stress

Question 4

Joel had both of his parents pass away in the past two months. He recently quit his job to take a new job in a different town. Just after taking the new job, he found out that his wife was leaving him for another man. Now he is balancing a new job along with visiting his 3 children and trying to gather the money to purchase a house. He is doing this without the help of his parents, who he used to rely heavily on. According to research on the SRRS __________

A) Joel has a 10% chance of a significant illness in the next 2 years.
B) Joel has a 20% chance of a significant illness in the next 2 years.
C) Joel has a 50% chance of a significant illness in the next 2 years
D) Joel has an 80% chance of a significant illness in the next 2 years

Question 5

On the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, the life event with the lowest life change unit value is __________

A) celebrating Christmas.
B) going on a vacation.
C) a minor violation of the law.
D) experiencing a change in sleeping habits.

Question 6

Which of the following life events is not found in the list of major life events that cause a significant amount of stress according to the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)?

A) pregnancy
B) marriage
C) going on vacation
D) winning the lottery

Question 7

__________ is the term used to describe the physical and psychological responses to events that are threatening or challenging.

A) Stress
B) Burnout
C) Dysphoria
D) Distress

Question 8

The stress resulting from the need to change and adapt to the dominant, or majority, culture is called __________

A) acculturative stress.
B) acculturation.
C) integration.
D) assimilation.

Question 9

An assessment that measures the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from major life events over one year is called the __________

A) secondary appraisal.
B) primary appraisal.
C) Social Readjustment Rating Scale.
D) College Undergraduate Stress Scale.

Question 10

How many total events are there on the social readjustment rating scale?

A) 25
B) 38
C) 43
D) 54

Question 11

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures stress related to __________

A) positive and negative life events
B) only negative life events
C) only positive life events
D) internal stressors

Question 12

Events that cause a stress reaction are referred to as __________

A) hassles.
B) catastrophies.
C) eustresses.
D) stressors.

Question 13

Which individual is most likely to experience acculturative stress?

A) Joie who has moved from New York to Boston
B) Oladipo who has moved from Nigeria to the United States
C) Mary who is switching jobs from manufacturing to the service industry
D) Min-Shek who is leaving home for the first time to attend the state college 100 miles away

Question 14

Which part of the nervous system reacts when the human body is subjected to stress?

A) parasympathetic
B) somatic
C) sympathetic
D) central

Question 15

According to Holmes and Rahe (1967), the most significant stressor that an individual can encounter during his/her life is __________

A) divorce.
B) getting fired at work.
C) the death of a close family member.
D) the death of a spouse.

Question 16

According to Holmes and Rahe, a person who scores over 300 on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is more likely than are people with lower scores to have what kind of experience in the near future?

A) more frequent changes of job
B) a divorce
C) commission of a crime
D) a higher chance of becoming ill or having an accident

Question 17

According to Holmes and Rahe, the amount of stress an individual experiences is linked to __________

A) the number of hassles in their daily lives.
B) their chance of experiencing a major health problem.
C) their degree of introversion or extroversion.
D) their temperament and personality type.

Question 18

According to Holmes and Rahe, people who score __________ on the SRRS run an 80% risk of suffering a major health problem within the next 2 years.

A) 50-100
B) 150-200
C) 300 or above
D) 200-250

Question 19

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to measure change due to __________

A) natural disasters.
B) life events.
C) social difficulties.
D) negative life events.

Question 20

The term hassles refers to __________

A) minor health problems that cause a person to miss at least one day of work.
B) personal limitations that make it impossible for someone to pursue a desired goal.
C) the necessity to interact with persons we dislike in order to obtain our goals.
D) minor annoyances of everyday life.

Question 21

In her job as an administrative assistant, Donna must cope with every detail of the vice president's schedule. She deals with the minor demands made upon her employer so that her employer can focus on major, critical issues. Donna is coping with what Lazarus would term __________

A) stressors.
B) hassles.
C) alarms.
D) psychological distress.

Question 22

Fred is excited about his upcoming vacation to Europe. However, the $12,000 the vacation will cost him has him worried. This is an example of __________

A) avoidance-avoidance conflict.
B) approach-approach conflict.
C) approach-avoidance conflict.
D) double approach-avoidance conflict.

Question 23

Darletta has worked a second job for two years to save money for a "dream vacation." In making her decision, she has felt that the months of sacrifice will be off-set by the enjoyment of the vacation. This decision best exemplifies a(n) __________ conflict.

A) approach-avoidance
B) approach-approach
C) double approach-avoidance
D) avoidance-avoidance

Question 24

According to __________, little stressors or hassles, add up to more life stress than major life events.

A) Holmes Incorrect This statement is associated with Lazarus, not Holmes.
B) Rahe
C) Kanner
D) Lazarus

Question 25

Which of the following is an example of an avoidance-avoidance conflict?

A) a person who enjoys the ocean has to choose between retiring in the Bahamas or in Tahiti
B) a student has to decide whether to turn in an unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or hand it in late and lose many points
C) a person has to choose between wanting to eat some cake but not wanting the calories
D) a person who loves chocolate must choose between eating chocolate cake or chocolate ice cream

Question 26

Researchers have found an association between daily hassles and __________

A) sore throats and headaches.
B) cancer and heart disease.
C) hypertension and obesity.
D) heart disease and schizophrenia.

Question 27

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose or not choose one goal or event that has both positive and negative aspects?

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) multiple approach-avoidance

Question 28

According to Lazarus, __________ may neutralize or cancel out the effect of hassles.

A) exercise
B) uplifts
C) increased sleep time
D) compliments

Question 29

Kirk's dad gave him a choice - he could either rake the leaves in the front and back yard or clean out the basement. For most teenagers this would be an __________

A) approach-avoidance conflict.
B) avoidance-avoidance conflict.
C) approach-approach conflict.
D) assessment-gradient.

Question 30

Ken wants to go to law school because he believes being a lawyer will bring him prestige and a good income. However, he is not sure he should attend because he is very concerned about the hard work law school will involve and the money it will cost. Ken is faced with a(n) __________ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-avoidance
D) double approach-avoidance

Question 31

A conflict in which a person must choose between two undesirable routes to a goal or goals is called __________

A) approach-avoidance.
B) avoidance-avoidance.
C) approach-approach.
D) multiple approach-avoidance.

Question 32

Which of the following is the most stressful of all conflicts, causing many people to go back and forth between one decision and the other, or be unable to decide for or against the event?

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) incompatible demands

Question 33

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an __________ conflict.

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) incompatible demands

Question 34

In a(n) __________conflict, a person must choose between two desirable goals.

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) double approach-avoidance

Question 35

Lizzie is a freshman in college who needs to declare her major. She is interested in history, psychology, medicine, and law. As she thinks about each of these potential majors, she considers both the positive and negative aspects of each, which cause her to go back and forth in her decision. Lizzie is experiencing a(n) __________conflict.

A) double approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) multiple approach-avoidance

Question 36

Making a choice between cheesecake or ice cream for dessert is an example of which type of conflict?

A) avoidance-avoidance conflict
B) approach-avoidance conflict
C) approach-approach conflict
D) double approach-avoidance conflict

Question 37

Burning your toast, having trouble opening an e-mail attachment, breaking a glass, and running late for an appointment are all examples of __________

A) uplifts.
B) hassles.
C) downturns.
D) distress.

Question 38

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose between two goals that have both positive and negative aspects?

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) double approach-avoidance

Question 39

The __________ control one has, the __________ the degree of stress.

A) more; greater
B) less; greater
C) less; lower
D) Control has nothing to do with stress.

Question 40

After noting that two very good movies are playing at the theater, Jose has a hard time deciding on which one he wishes to see. Jose is experiencing a(n) __________

A) approach-avoidance conflict.
B) approach-approach conflict.
C) double approach-avoidance conflict.
D) avoidance-avoidance conflict.

Question 41

A prolonged and severe stress reaction to a traumatic event that is characterized by anxiety, withdrawal from others, and nightmares or flashbacks of the event is called __________

A) posttraumatic stress disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) burnout and exhaustion.
D) catastrophic stress syndrome.

Question 42

Who is LEAST likely to be stressed by the demands of his/her job?

A) Phil, who works an assembly line job which requires standing and tolerance for noise
B) Bert, who is the garbage collector in his home town
C) Mandy, who is an aspiring singer and actress
D) Dan, who runs his own successful business which allows him good hours, contact with interesting people, and a reasonable income

Question 43

Young Eli, only 4 years old, has to have a surgical procedure in the hospital. Which of the following can his parents and doctors do to increase his comfort and decrease his stress?

A) give him as much opportunity to make decisions for himself
B) use low doses of anti-anxiety medications
C) make sure he has a room that is shared with other children
D) make sure there are female nurses so that he will relate to them as he does his own mother

Question 44

Sasha is experiencing stress in her workplace that is causing her to feel dissatisfied and pessimistic. As a result, she has a desire to quit her job. Sasha is experiencing __________

A) road rage.
B) eustress.
C) poverty-related stress.
D) burnout.

Question 45

Rich, a Vietnam War veteran, sometimes dives into bushes when planes or helicopters fly over. Rich is likely suffering from __________

A) survivor guilt.
B) generalized anxiety.
C) antisocial behavior.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 46

A study of women with PTSD revealed they were three times as likely as women without PTSD to __________

A) experience a phobic disorder.
B) develop sexual promiscuity.
C) have multiple children.
D) develop alcohol problems.

Question 47

Linda's house was flooded in a hurricane. Upon losing her home, she had nightmares, disturbed sleep, and anxiety that lasted about six weeks. Linda most likely suffered from __________

A) acute stress disorder.
B) external locus of control.
C) catastrophic stress.
D) post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 48

A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms of anxiety, nightmares, poor sleep, reliving the event, and concentration problems, lasting for more than one month is called __________

A) acute stress disorder.
B) external locus of control.
C) catastrophic stress.
D) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 49

Ron was the only person in his office who escaped from one of the towers on 9/11/01. Everybody else in his office died. He might experience __________

A) survivor guilt.
B) avoidance-avoidance conflict.
C) burnout.
D) the general adaptation syndrome.

Question 50

Which of the following is the term used to describe unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat?

A) major life events
B) catastrophes
C) hassles
D) eustress

Question 51

Douglas is the director of a large residential center for the elderly. He recently became concerned about the high death rate of his residents. If he wanted to lower that death rate, one option he might try is __________

A) accepting younger residents.
B) accepting residents who are in better health.
C) to give his residents more control over their lives.
D) to take stress away from his residents by making all of their decisions for them.

Question 52

Post-traumatic stress disorder includes symptoms of re-experiencing the traumatic event. This can take the form of all but which of the following?

A) having nightmares
B) having flashbacks
C) having intrusive memories
D) avoiding unpleasant emotions

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors related to workplace stress for women?

A) inability to handle the harsh work load
B) sexual discrimination
C) sexual harassment
D) problems combining work and family roles

Question 54

According to Langer and Rodin (1976), the quality and length of the lives of elderly nursing-home residents is determined in part by __________

A) how young residents are when they come to the nursing home.
B) the degree to which residents feel a sense of control over their lives.
C) how much disease they come into contact with.
D) how much stress they have in their lives.

Question 55

Research studies show that most people experience less stress when __________

A) they allow others to make decisions for them.
B) they have some control over the situation.
C) they are surprised by a situation and have less time to worry about it.
D) they deny the existence of the stressor.

Question 56

Ali, a war veteran, has had nightmares, flashbacks, and anxiety attacks for the past three years. Ali is most likely suffering from __________

A) acute stress disorder.
B) external locus of control.
C) catastrophic stress.
D) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Question 57

The negative changes in thoughts, emotions, and behavior as a result of prolonged stress or frustration are called __________

A) eustress
B) burnout
C) dysphoria
D) epidemiology

Question 58

It is time for a game of Jeopardy. The category is "Social Factors That Contribute to Stress." The revealed answer is "Lack of task variety or human contact." What will you say right before the buzzer sounds?

A) "What is one cause of job stress?"
B) "What is one cause of poverty?"
C) "What is road rage?"
D) "What is overcrowding?"

Question 59

Research has found that all but which of the following can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder?

A) having cancer in childhood
B) experiencing auto-immune disorders
C) being a victim of sexual violence
D) being a victim of childhood abuse

Question 60

Albrecht has identified several factors that are related to work stress. They include all of the following, except __________

A) amount of pay received.
B) physical variables.
C) accountability.
D) mental challenge.

Question 61

According to Hans Selye, resistance to stress is lowest at the __________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) alarm
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) collapse

Question 62

The term __________ is often used to refer to differences in income levels, but it also includes variables beyond financial resources.

A) socioeconomic status
B) class
C) psychological stratification
D) sociological level

Question 63

Adelaide hears a rattling sound as she hikes through the desert. Her muscles tense and her blood pressure rises. According to Hans Selye, she is in the __________

A) chronic stress phase.
B) alarm phase.
C) exhaustion phase.
D) resistance phase.

Question 64

When an individual becomes frightened or alarmed their adrenal cortex releases glucocorticoids, which in turn __________

A) raise blood sugar levels.
B) lower heart rate and respiration.
C) stimulate the release of testosterone in both males and females.
D) stimulate what is known as the glycogen cascade.

Question 65

Which psychologist is credited with proposing the general adaptation syndrome?

A) Hans Selye
B) Berkowitz
C) Holmes and Rahe
D) Lazarus

Question 66

Which of the following is FALSE about socioeconomic status (SES)?

A) SES is basically defined as differences in income.
B) SES involves educational factors.
C) SES involves an interaction of variables.
D) SES is influenced by economic and occupational factors.

Question 67

__________ studied the effects of stress on health.

A) Paul Ekman
B) Walter Cannon
C) Hans Selye
D) Diana Baumrind

Question 68

Which of the following people who are forced out of their jobs experience a heightened risk of stress-related illnesses in the months that follow?

A) low SES individuals
B) low and middle SES individuals
C) middle and high SES individuals
D) low, middle, and high SES individuals

Question 69

Annat is a young girl growing up in Israel's West Bank region. She frequently sees evidence of fighting and terrorism, and has for all of her life. She knows many victims and is certain that she will become one at some point too. Selye would suggest Annat is in which stage of the GAS?

A) arousal
B) alarm
C) resistance
D) exhaustion

Question 70

Hans Selye conceptualized stress consisting of three stages he called __________

A) the Social Readjustment Rating Stages.
B) the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS).
C) the Psychological Model of Stress Stages.
D) the Proactive Model of Stress Stages.

Question 71

Cairn has been working three jobs for almost five months now in an attempt to scrape together the money to pay the tax debt on the family farm. Although his arousal levels are not nearly as high as the first month or so after he found he had a year to pay the debt or lose the farm, he is still running on overdrive to maintain his hectic schedule. Cairn is in the __________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome.

A) resistance
B) alarm
C) exhaustion
D) regression

Question 72

Which of the following is a protective factor that offsets some of the risk associated with historical racism?

A) a strong social support system
B) participation in religious services
C) a strong sense of ethnic identity
D) having a Type B personality

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a stage in Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

A) the arousal stage
B) the resistance stage
C) the alarm stage
D) the exhaustion stage

Question 74

During the alarm stage of the general adaptation syndrome, __________

A) the central and somatic systems are activated.
B) synaptic activity and the somatic nervous system activate to send messages from the CNS to muscles.
C) the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary gland, which then tells the adrenal glands to release hormones.
D) the amygdala sends messages across the reticular activating system that cause a release of hormones.

Question 75

Khallid is driving down the highway. Suddenly, he notices flashing red lights in his rear view mirror and hears a siren. According to Selye's GAS, Khallid has probably just entered which stage?

A) arousal
B) alarm
C) resistance
D) exhaustion

Question 76

Many researchers have suggested that __________ may be the social phenomenon that contributes significantly to the high incidence of high blood pressure among African Americans.

A) salt consumption
B) unemployment
C) historical racism
D) crime

Question 77

Jewell was shuffling through some papers and found the unopened mortgage statement for her house. She immediately experienced an acceleration in her heart rate and a queasy feeling in her stomach. She'd thought she had already made the house payment, but here it was in front of her 30 days past due. Jewell has just entered the __________ stage of Selye's general adaptation syndrome.

A) alarm
B) appraisal
C) resistance
D) adjustment

Question 78

__________ have received the most attention from researchers interested in the effects of historical racism.

A) Jews
B) Asian Americans
C) Native Americans
D) African Americans

Question 79

What is the correct sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

A) resistance, alarm, exhaustion
B) exhaustion, resistance, alarm
C) alarm, exhaustion, resistance
D) alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 80

During the __________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome the organism makes a concerted physiological effort to withstand the demands being placed upon it by a stressor.

A) alarm
B) exhaustion
C) resistance
D) recidivism