Deck 17: Best Practices: Legal and Ethical Issues

Question 1

Which assessment information resource provides critical reviews and/or technical information about specific tests?

A)Assessments Encyclopedia
B)Mental Measurements Yearbook
C)Tests
D)Tests in Print

Answer 1

Mental Measurements Yearbook

Question 2

What is an assessment related behavior one should avoid?

A)Keep tests and results secure
B)Assume that published test results are reliable and valid.
C)Offer special accommodations when the situation warrants them.
D)Use common explanations when providing feedback.

Answer 2

Assume that published test results are reliable and valid.

Question 3

With norm-referenced assessment,who is ultimately responsible for ensuring that the normative sample is representative of the actual examinees?

A)Test publisher
B)Test distributor
C)Test user
D)Examinee

Answer 3

Test user

Question 4

What is included on the author's checklist for developing assessments?

A)Ensure there is sufficient research using the test.
B)Ensure a thorough screening of examinees.
C)Develop specific scoring criteria.
D)Develop a list of individuals competent to administer the test.

Question 5

According to the Joint Committee on Testing Practices (1998),the most fundamental right of test takers is to be:

A)Evaluated with tests that meet high professional standards and are valid for the intended purpose.
B)Provided with testing results immediately and be given the opportunity to review all assessments.
C)evaluated by highly trained professionals on an individual basis.
D)provided with the science and methodology used during the development of the assessment upon request.

Question 6

What is a reference where one can locate information about assessments?

A)Assessments Encyclopedia
B)Mental Measurements Yearbook
C)Psychological Test Info
D)Testing and More!

Question 7

Minors should be asked to __________ to the testing procedures,but only a parent or guardian can ________.

A)agree,approve
B)approve,agree
C)assent; consent
D)consent; assent

Question 8

When is it appropriate to make important diagnostic decisions based only on one assessment?

A)In clinical settings
B)In educational settings
C)In forensic settings
D)Never

Question 9

The ______________ should guide the development of items and scoring criteria.

A)assessment formula
B)scoring rubric
C)table of specifications
D)test chart

Question 10

When available,the use of ___________ is encouraged to facilitate clinical diagnosis and decision making.

A)beta coefficients
B)zeta coefficients
C)heuristics
D)nomograms

Question 11

What is considered an initial major step in developing assessments that meet professional standards?

A)Assess the validity of the interpretation of test scores.
B)Assess the reliability of test scores.
C)Develop multiple scoring rubrics.
D)Develop a table of specifications.

Question 12

According to the Standards (1999)what is a responsibility of a test taker?

A)To inform the testing administrator if they feel that the test did not accurately reflect their true abilities
B)To compare themselves to the standardization sample in order to ensure it is representative
C)To be aware of the limitations of the assessment
D)To ensure that their results are kept confidential

Question 13

According to Nitko (2001)why is it important to have a broad knowledge of how assessments are used in your respective professional setting?

A)To ensure test security
B)To guard against potential misuses
C)So you can select tests you are qualified to administer
D)So you will not be held legally responsible

Question 14

What is one method that can be used to minimize expectancy effects?

A)Expectancy effects are positive so it is not necessary to minimize them.
B)Never interview examinees prior to the assessment.
C)Ensure the individual scoring the assessment should have no knowledge of the examinee's identity.
D)Make sure the individual administering the assessment is also the person scoring the assessments.

Question 15

The most precise and comprehensive guidelines for developing and evaluating tests are the:

A)Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct.
B)Joint Committee Guidelines on Testing Practices.
C)Rights and Responsibilities of Test Takers: Guidelines and Expectations.
D)Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing.

Question 16

In the ____________ approach,the clinician uses subjective processes and personal judgment to interpret assessment information and make decisions.

A)actuarial
B)experiential
C)impressionistic
D)statistical

Question 17

There is a substantial amount of research demonstrating that a(n)___________ approach to interpreting assessment information is superior to a(n)__________ approach.

A)actuarial; statistical
B)impressionistic; statistical
C)statistical; impressionistic
D)statistical; actuarial

Question 18

Which assessment information resource would be appropriate for a layperson wishing to learn about the technical aspect of an assessment?

A)Mental Measurements Yearbook
B)Test Critiques
C)Tests in Print
D)Tests

Question 19

In what situation may it be acceptable to withhold information from the examinee regarding assessment results?

A)Classification decisions
B)Disability determinations
C)Forensic evaluations
D)Projective personality assessments

Question 20

Which of the following is considered a breach of standardized test security?

A)Allowing examinees to take the test outside of a controlled environment
B)Copying materials with written permission
C)Providing accommodations to disabled examinees
D)Reviewing test results with the examinee

Question 21

Allowing your personal impressions of an examinee to influence your evaluation of their performance,in either a positive or negative manner,is referred to as a/the

A)test bias.
B)expectancy effect.
C)self-fulfilling prophecy.
D)prejudice.

Question 22

What is a responsibility of a test administrator?

A)Stay close to the data and minimize subjective inferences.
B)Respond in a manner that accurately reflects one's abilities.
C)Explain the test items to the examinee.
D)Provide test takers with raw data from their assessment.

Question 23

Which website reproduced the actual Rorschach color plates?

A)Discovery Channel
B)Encyclopedia Brittanica
C)Science Channel
D)Wikipedia

Question 24

Cautioning users,in a clear and prominent language,against the most likely misinterpretations and misuses of data that arise out of the assessment development process is a responsibility of a professional who ______________ assessments.

A)develops
B)takes
C)scores
D)markets

Question 25

When developing a test,an important first step is to specify the __________ of the test and the domain or construct to be measured.

A)format
B)length
C)purpose
D)factor structure

Question 26

It is a best practice to select assessments with normative data that are representative of the __________ population.

A)general
B)minority
C)target
D)diverse

Question 27

According to research by Grove and Meehl (1996),which approach to interpreting assessment data is more accurate?

A)Actuarial
B)Clinical
C)Impressionistic
D)Qualitative

Question 28

Grove and Meehl postulated several reasons clinicians have not adopted statistical approaches for interpreting assessment information.\Which reason did the authors state was the biggest culprit?

A)Fear of being replaced by a computer
B)Attachment to specific psychological theories
C)An education that does not instill a preference for scientific inquiry
D)Belief that actuarial approaches that dehumanize clients

Question 29

Making information available to appropriate individuals about the steps taken to develop and score the assessment,including information used to support the reliability,validity,scoring and reporting processes is the responsibility of a professional who _____________ assessments.

A)develops
B)administers
C)scores
D)markets

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the test taker?

A)Preparing for the assessment
B)Following the directions
C)Not interfering with the performance of other students
D)Interpreting the results

Question 31

Tests should be administered in a(n)____________ manner to ensure fairness and promote the reliability of scores and validity in their interpretations.

A)arbitrary
B)random
C)sequential
D)standardized

Question 32

According to the authors,what is one important reason people tend to make inaccurate subjective judgments about people?

A)The use of heuristics
B)The use of algorithms
C)The use of inaccurate mental computations
D)Inaccurate or faulty memory

Question 33

Deciding if an assessment is appropriate for use in a particular setting is the responsibility of the professional who _____________ the assessments.

A)develops
B)administers
C)scores
D)markets

Question 34

Informed consent includes the following four legal aspects: capacity,voluntary,documentation,and:

A)adequate information provided.
B)adequate use of technical jargon.
C)testimonials.
D)guarantee of improvement.

Question 35

According to Gay (1990)approximately how many school teachers admitted that they had either witnessed or engaged in unethical assessment practices?

A)15%
B)25%
C)35%
D)45%