Deck 11: To Be or Not to Be a Parent: More Choices, More Constraints

Question 1

At what point in the pregnancy does the woman start to feel the fetus move?

A)from the time she gets pregnant
B)in the first trimester
C)in the second trimester
D)in the third trimester

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The number of babies under one year of age who die per 1,000 live births in a given year is called the

A)fertility rate.
B)abortion rate.
C)stillborn rate.
D)infant mortality rate.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What is the largest expenditure per year for a child?

A)housing
B)health care
C)clothing
D)child care and education

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning how micro-level factors affect fertility?

A)Young Latinos and African Americans typically begin sexual activities earlier than their white and Asian American counterparts.
B)Women who are married,cohabiting,and in a long term relationship and have good communication with their partners are less likely to use contraception.
C)Spacing children more than 5 years apart increases a woman's chance of having a healthy baby.
D)Men who are more likely to postpone fatherhood if they are married and have a good job.

Question 5

Which type of couple has mixed feelings before and after conception and even well into the pregnancy? They may decide to have the baby because one partner feels strongly about having a child and the other complies.

A)planners
B)acceptance-of-fate
C)ambivalent
D)yes-no

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a cost of parenthood?

A)Having and raising children is monetarily expensive.
B)Men may feel that they are missing out on the parenting experience because of being a full-time breadwinner.
C)Mothers report stress over balancing their job and household responsibilities.
D)Fathers may lose income and retirement benefits since they are less able to work long hours.

Question 7

Smoking among birth mothers is linked to the risk of

A)spontaneous abortion.
B)low birth weight.
C)premature birth.
D)all of the above

Question 8

According to the text's discussion of fathers and their newborns,

A)fathers are less effective than mothers in soothing crying babies.
B)like mothers,many fathers worry about being good parents.
C)fathers tend to lose contact with their own parents as they focus on their new duties.
D)fathers may increase tension in the relationship by sharing their worries with their partner.

Question 9

Pregnancy is broken into three,three-month periods called

A)sections.
B)trimesters.
C)terms.
D)menses.

Question 10

The number of live children born per year per 1,000 women ages 15-44 is called the

A)fertility rate.
B)pregnancy rate.
C)total fertility rate.
D)populations growth rate.

Question 11

Which of the following is a micro-level reason why people may postpone childbearing?

A)Many single women do not want to conceive or adopt a child on their own.
B)People are having more difficulty getting pregnant.
C)Many couples wait until they can afford a nanny or child care.
D)Studies have shown that the best years for childbearing are between age 35 and 45.

Question 12

Some leading causes of infant mortality are

A)physical birth defects and low birth weight.
B)accidents and lack of post-natal medical care.
C)child abuse and poisoning.
D)high birth weight and poor nutrition.

Question 13

Surgical removal of the baby from the womb through the abdominal wall is called a(n)

A)vaginal birth.
B)cesarean section.
C)episiotomy.
D)perineal birth.

Question 14

The average number of children born to a women in her lifetime is called the

A)fertility rate.
B)pregnancy rate.
C)total fertility rate.
D)populations growth rate.

Question 15

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the postpartum blues?

A)The blues usually last for most of the child's first year.
B)The blues involve feeling moody,teary,and overwhelmed along with being happy about the baby.
C)It occurs mostly in women who did not want to get pregnant.
D)It affects primarily women who smoked,used alcohol,or other drugs during pregnancy.

Question 16

Jane and John actively discussed having children and jointly decided to conceive a child.They are an example of what type of couple?

A)planners
B)acceptance-of-fate
C)ambivalent
D)yes-no

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a way education affects fertility rates?

A)The more education a woman has,the more likely she is to use contraceptives effectively.
B)The more education a woman has,the more likely she is to postpone childbearing.
C)The less education a woman has,the more children she is likely to have over her lifetime.
D)The less education a woman has,the more likely she is to marry later.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a benefit parents expect from having children?

A)having someone to take care of you in your old age
B)a feeling of completeness
C)creating a sense of family
D)joy,happiness,and fun

Question 19

___________________ is a serious illness that can occur up to a year after childbirth.Women who experience this feel sad,hopeless,worthless,and having trouble caring for the baby.

A)fatigue
B)endorphin withdrawal
C)morning sickness
D)postpartum depression

Question 20

John did not want to have a child but his wife Jane decided to go ahead with the pregnancy regardless of his wishes.They eventually divorced over the situation.John and Jane are an example of a __________ couple.

A)planners
B)acceptance-of-fate
C)ambivalent
D)yes-no

Question 21

Which of the following is the most likely cause of infertility in men?

A)low sperm count
B)jogging
C)chlamydia
D)being too thin

Question 22

The two major causes of female infertility are

A)failure to ovulate and blockage of the fallopian tubes.
B)use of saunas and bike riding.
C)regular exercise and drug abuse.
D)working in the paid labor force and going to college

Question 23

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the pros and cons of closed adoptions?

A)Birth parents have a sense of closure.
B)Adoptive parents have a better sense of the child's history.
C)Adopted children may feel rejected if contact with birth parents ceases.
D)Adopted children do not fantasize about birth parents.

Question 24

Which of the following is a bacterial infection often referred to as "the silent epidemic" because it exhibits no symptoms in 75 percent of women and 33 percent of men?

A)endometriosis
B)chlamydia
C)HIV
D)herpes

Question 25

A child who is placed by a government agency or a court in the care of someone other than his or her biological parents is called a

A)foster child.
B)adoptee.
C)parentless child.
D)court dependent.

Question 26

Opponents of transracial adoption believe that black children should not be placed with white parents because the children

A)will not be provided with the strategies they need to deal with racism.
B)are more likely to be physically abused.
C)are less likely to graduate from high school.
D)will be treated like servants rather than children.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a way that couples respond to infertility?

A)The couple may enjoy vicarious parenthood through contact with the children of relatives and friends.
B)The couple may become increasingly involved in work-related activities.
C)The couple may try to adopt a baby.
D)The couple talks often about the problem with friends and family in order to obtain emotional support.

Question 28

An infection of the uterus that spread to the tubes as well as to the ovaries and surrounding tissues is called

A)pelvic inflammatory disease.
B)endometriosis.
C)cervical mucus.
D)infertility.

Question 29

At one time,80 percent of U.S.babies born out of wedlock were given up for adoption.This rate has dropped to about 2 or 3 percent because today

A)most unwed mothers keep their babies.
B)most babies are African American or biracial,and many people oppose transracial adoption.
C)most babies available for adoption are physically handicapped and not adoptable.
D)it is less expensive to use fertility technologies than to adopt.

Question 30

By late 2006,23 states provided open access to adoption records.Some birth mothers feel that such laws

A)are beneficial in that they will be able to contact children they were forced to give up.
B)violate their right to privacy,especially when the birth resulted from a rape or a violent relationship.
C)will help them work through past traumas that they have tried to forget.
D)do not make much difference,as they were already in contact with their birth children.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT a controversial adoption issue?

A)adoption by same sex partners
B)transracial adoptions
C)open adoption
D)adoption of infants

Question 32

Which of the following may lower sperm counts?

A)infections such as mumps in adulthood
B)excessive consumption of alcohol,marijuana,and other drugs
C)frequent use of saunas or hot tubs
D)all of the above

Question 33

The practice of sharing information and maintaining contact between biological and adoptive parents both during the adoption process and during the child's life is called

A)open adoption.
B)closed adoption.
C)semi-open adoption.
D)mediated adoption.

Question 34

Which of the following is the most prevalent reason why people adopt internationally?

A)People want to have exotic children.
B)There are few children,of any sort,available in the U.S.
C)The waiting period is relatively short.
D)It is cheaper to adopt internationally.

Question 35

The inability to conceive a baby after 12 months of unprotected intercourse is called

A)morbidity.
B)pelvic disease.
C)mortality.
D)infertility.

Question 36

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning adoption by same-sex partners?

A)The American Academy of Pediatrics does not support adoption by gays and lesbians.
B)Science has demonstrated that children who grow up with homosexual parents do not do as well as children whose parents are heterosexual.
C)The percentage of Americans who favor adoption by gays and lesbians has increased since 1999.
D)All states allow two unmarried parents to adopt a child together at the same time.

Question 37

In which disease does the tissue that forms the lining of the uterus spread outside the womb and attach itself to other pelvic organs,such as the ovaries or the fallopian tubes?

A)chlamydia
B)herpes
C)endometriosis
D)HPV

Question 38

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the pros and cons of semi-closed adoptions?

A)Birth parents can maintain privacy while providing some information.
B)Adoptive parents have a better sense of the child's history.
C)Adopted children are safe from unstable or emotionally disturbed birth parents.
D)Adopted children are less likely to feel abandoned and can increase their circle of supportive adults.

Question 39

Which of the following is a macro-level reason why people may postpone parenthood?

A)Women do not want to be single mothers.
B)Both men and women want to build equity in homes,put some money aside,and save for retirement before having children.
C)In periods of economic recession and high unemployment,many young men do not have the resources to start a family.
D)More men and women say they just do not enjoy children.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of being an older parent?

A)Older mothers may feel less self-assured than younger mothers.
B)Older parents may face a larger "generation gap" with their children.
C)Parents may not be able to have as many children as they want.
D)Parents may never get to see their grandchildren.

Question 41

__________ is a procedure that enables physicians to identify genetic diseases in the embryo,such as cystic fibrosis or Down's syndrome,before implantation.

A)Genetic engineering
B)Assisted reproductive technology
C)Embryonic evaluation
D)Preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Question 42

The medical procedure in which semen is introduced artificially into the vagina or uterus about the time of ovulation is called

A)in vitro fertilization.
B)artificial insemination.
C)gamete intrafallopian transfer.
D)zygote intrafallopian transfer.
(Conceptual:

Question 43

Why is India a top destination for surrogacy?

A)Indian women need the money it provides.
B)Most Indian women do not have any choice about whether to become surrogates.
C)Indian couples only want one child; therefore,surrogates are more willing to give the child away.
D)Indian women who are surrogates are usually healthier than women in other countries.

Question 44

According to the text,the most obvious benefit of adoption is that

A)it spares society the obligation of taking care of unwanted children.
B)adoptive parents and abandoned children find people to love.
C)adoptive parents cope better with children's problems than do biological parents.
D)adopted babies tend to be healthier than babies conceived using fertility technologies.

Question 45

The procedure in which a catheter inserted through the vagina is used to remove some of the protrusions from the chorion that surrounds the amniotic sac to check for deformities is called

A)amniocentesis.
B)intrafallopian transfer.
C)chorionic villus sampling.
D)in vitro fertilization.

Question 46

Because sperm donors are typically anonymous

A)parents are less likely to feel the resulting child is their own and less likely to bond at birth.
B)half siblings might meet and mate,not knowing that they have the same biological father and may share the same health problems.
C)parents usually don't know anything about the sperm donor.
D)most are only allowed to father a few children.

Question 47

Abortion is most common among women who are

A)older and worried about birth defects.
B)upper-class and can afford it.
C)nonreligious.
D)African American or white.

Question 48

Since 1980,the abortion rate has

A)remained the same.
B)steadily decreased.
C)increased slightly.
D)more than doubled.

Question 49

A drawback to the use of fertility drugs is that they

A)have a very low success rate.
B)produce babies that are too large to be birthed vaginally.
C)increase the chance of multiple births.
D)increase the risk of Down's Syndrome.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a cost of genetic engineering?

A)Medical treatments for infertility are available to everyone regardless of income,which makes the treatments too easy to exploit.
B)There is a concern about the parents' right to "manufacture" babies.
C)There is no clear policy on what is done with frozen embryos.
D)Multiple births are more likely to suffer from birth defects.

Question 51

Since 1987,the major reason for abortion has been

A)not wanting to go through the physical rigors of pregnancy.
B)its use as an alternative form of contraception.
C)a financial inability to support a baby.
D)a lack of information about alternatives such as adoption.

Question 52

In which procedure is a needle inserted through the abdomen into the amniotic sac,and fluid is withdrawn,to analyze for such abnormalities as Downs Syndrome and spina bifida?

A)amniocentesis
B)chorionic villi sampling
C)intrafallopian transfer
D)in vitro fertilization

Question 53

The expulsion of the embryo or fetus from the uterus is called

A)contraception.
B)infertility.
C)abortion.
D)sterilization.

Question 54

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of genetic engineering?

A)It is valuable in detecting prenatal abnormalities.
B)It produces children who are usually as healthy as children born naturally.
C)It allows women to freeze their eggs before chemotherapy and have them reimplanted later.
D)It allows a couple to change the sex of their baby before it is born.

Question 55

__________ unintended pregnancies in America end in abortion.

A)Very few
B)Somewhat less than half of all
C)Half of all
D)A majority of

Question 56

A woman who agrees to carry a pregnancy for another woman using either her own egg or the infertile woman's egg with or without a fee is called a(n)

A)adoptive mother.
B)surrogate.
C)intrafallopian transfer.
D)wet nurse.

Question 57

Which of the following is an obstacle that prevents men from becoming pregnant?

A)Men don't produce the appropriate hormones.
B)Men don't have ovaries.
C)Men don't have wombs.
D)None of the above are obstacles that cannot be overcome.

Question 58

__________________ involves surgically removing eggs from woman's ovaries,fertilizing them in a petri dish with sperm,and then transferring the embryos into the woman's uterus.

A)Artificial insemination.
B)In vitro fertilization.
C)Gamete intrafallopian transfer.
D)Zygote intrafallopian transfer.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a drawback of in vitro fertilization?

A)It is expensive and time-consuming.
B)It is emotionally exhausting.
C)It is painful.
D)It only produces one embryo each time.

Question 60

__________ refers to aborting some of the fetuses resulting from treatment with fertility drugs,to give the others a better chance to develop fully.

A)Legal abortion
B)Specific abortion
C)Selective reduction
D)Necessary termination

Question 61

Most Americans expect their children to care for them in their old age.

Question 62

As parents become more focused on the child,interpersonal relationships may deteriorate.

Question 63

Abortifacients are substances that

A)prevent spontaneous abortion.
B)cause termination of pregnancy.
C)facilitate full-term pregnancy.
D)are illegal.

Question 64

Which is of the following is an accurate statement concerning abortion services in the United States?

A)The number of abortion providers has declined since 1996.
B)Crisis pregnancy centers tend to be staffed by medical professionals who encourage women to have abortions.
C)Most crisis pregnancy centers provide women with accurate information about abortion so that the woman can make an informed choice.
D)A growing number of drugstores around the country are carrying emergency contraception pills in order to try and lower the abortion rate.

Question 65

Studies of the emotional health of women who have abortions,

A)unequivocally demonstrate that abortion causes serious long term emotional problems.
B)usually find that abortion has no effect on a woman's emotional health.
C)concluded that the risk of mental health problems after an abortion was no greater than experiencing the normal postpartum blues.
D)show that the short term effect of the abortion is positive,but the long term effects on emotional health are negative.

Question 66

The negative effects of parenthood tend to be greater for partners who wait several years after marrying to have children instead of having them right away.

Question 67

More opportunities for women in higher education increases fertility rates now that more women can afford to have more children.

Question 68

Since 2005,the number of international adoptions has increased.

Question 69

Many fathers forge stronger links with their own parents after the birth of a baby.

Question 70

Which of the following is a stereotype of childless couples?

A)They are self-indulgent and less well adjusted emotionally.
B)They are sensitive and loving.
C)They are concerned about the environment.
D)They are idealists.

Question 71

Fathers are just as effective as mothers in soothing crying babies.

Question 72

In 1973,the Supreme Court ruling in the case of Roe v.Wade

A)made abortion legal.
B)affirmed the illegality of abortion.
C)temporarily prevented the legalization of abortion.
D)had no bearing on the issue of abortion.

Question 73

Young Latino and African Americans typically begin sexual activities at a later age than their white and Asian American counterparts.

Question 74

Why are some couples "child free"?

A)Women especially are aware of the challenges of balancing employment and parenthood.
B)These couples usually marry early but have then find they have infertility problems.
C)Couples are pressured by their families not to have children if there are already many children in the extended family.
D)Our culture now celebrates and encourages couples to remain child free.

Question 75

Since 1994,an estimated 43% decline in abortions can be attributed to

A)abstinence only education in schools.
B)use of condoms.
C)the use of "emergency contraception."
D)federal laws outlawing abortion under any circumstance.

Question 76

Postpartum blues is a mild mood disorder that typically occurs the first couple weeks after childbirth.

Question 77

Based on an individual's chance of dying,which of the following is the safest activity?

A)driving a car
B)continuing a pregnancy
C)oral contraceptive use
D)legal abortion in the first trimester

Question 78

Couples often believe that their lives would be incomplete without children.

Question 79

Fertility rates tend to be higher for women who are not in the labor force.

Question 80

In yes-no couples,couples are pleasantly surprised and welcoming of a child even though they had not planned the pregnancy.