Deck 10: Eating Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following is not an example of a purging behaviour?

A) self-induced vomiting.
B) laxative abuse.
C) abuse of diuretics.
D) abuse of enemas.
E) abuse of diet soft-drinks.

Answer 1

abuse of diet soft-drinks.

Question 2

Susan is 16 years old and she is afraid of gaining weight and getting fat. Susan is very dissatisfied with her body and she often tries to lose weight through fad diets and exercise. It would be difficult to determine her diagnosis because

A) it is hard to determine whether she meets the DSM-5 criterion for restriction of energy intake leading to low body weight.
B) Susan could have any one of a number of eating disorders.
C) Susan is still too young to have an eating disorder.
D) Susan's symptoms are not extreme.
E) it is difficult to determine whether she is successful at losing weight.

Answer 2

it is hard to determine whether she meets the DSM-5 criterion for restriction of energy intake leading to low body weight.

Question 3

In the publication of DSM-5, changes were made to reduce Other Specified and Unspecified disorders. Which of the following is not one of those changes?

A) Addition of binge eating disorder as a standalone diagnosis.
B) A decrease in the threshold needed to meet criteria for bulimia nervosa.
C) Removal of the amenorrhea criterion for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.
D) Inclusion of some borderline personality disorder symptoms in the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa.
E) All of these changes were made to the eating and feeding disorders.

Answer 3

Inclusion of some borderline personality disorder symptoms in the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa.

Question 4

What does it mean to say that individuals with bulimia nervosa engage in recurrent compensatory behaviour?

A) They diet a lot.
B) They engage in self-induced vomiting.
C) They misuse laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.
D) All of the above are recurrent compensatory behaviours.
E) Only B and C are recurrent compensatory behaviours.

Question 5

In the DSM-5, one feature of anorexia nervosa is

A) refusal to maintain at least 15% of expected body weight.
B) refusal to maintain at least 35% of expected body weight.
C) refusal to maintain at least 90% of expected body weight.
D) refusal to maintain at least 25% of expected body weight.
E) Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements leading to a significantly low body weight.

Question 6

Unlike bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder is characterized by:

A) Regular binge eating episodes.
B) Excessive exercise to compensate for eating binges.
C) Excessive use of enemas to compensate for eating binges.
D) Higher functioning and higher self-esteem.
E) An absence of inappropriate compensatory behaviours after eating binges.

Question 7

The incidence of a disorder, such as anorexia nervosa, refers to whereas the prevalence refers to ___________ the __________.

A) number of new cases in a given year; number of people who have the condition
B) number of people who have the condition; number of new cases in a given year
C) number of people who are treated for a condition; number of people believed to have the disorder
D) number of people believed to have the disorder; number of people who are treated for a condition
E) number of people treated and cured; number of people afflicted by a disorder

Question 8

A person with anorexia nervosa who counts calories and carefully controls what she eats would be considered as having what subtype of anorexia nervosa?

A) rigid type
B) caloric type
C) binge/purge type
D) controlling type
E) restricting type

Question 9

Recent research suggests that since the 1970s, the prevalence of eating disorders:

A) has increased for all types of eating disorders.
B) has increased, but only for the 20-30-year-olds.
C) has decreased among women but increased among men.
D) has decreased among men but increased among women.
E) has increased and stabilized, most clearly for anorexia nervosa.

Question 10

___________ disorders have the highest mortality rates of all of the psychiatric disorders.

A) Anxiety
B) Substance-related
C) Eating
D) Psychophysiological
E) Mood

Question 11

What difference is found in the binge/purge type and the restricting type of anorexia nervosa?

A) binge eating or purging behaviour
B) rigidly controlled diet
C) use of laxatives to get rid of unwanted calories
D) excessive exercise to burn off calories
E) there is no difference between the two subtypes

Question 12

Why is the distinction between the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa so important?

A) different causes of the two types are known to researchers
B) different psychological consequences are associated with the binge/purge type
C) the binge/purge subtype is associated with more impulsive behaviour
D) poorer long-term prognosis for the binge/purge subtype
E) one type tends to affect younger women, and one affects older women

Question 13

Unlike people with anorexia, individuals with bulimia nervosa

A) suffer from social isolation and depression.
B) engage in compensatory behaviours designed to prevent weight gain.
C) use weight and shape information as their primary method of self-evaluation.
D) have low self-esteem.
E) are typically within the normal weight range.

Question 14

An objective food binge is defined by the DSM-5 as eating a

A) small amount of food and feeling not in control.
B) small amount of food in a specific time period.
C) large amount of food in a specific time period.
D) normal amount of food in a specific time period.
E) large amount of food but feeling in control.

Question 15

With regard to the prognosis of eating disorders:

A) About 95% of adults with bulimia nervosa are able to stop binge eating and purging with evidence-based treatment.
B) About half of adults with bulimia nervosa are able to stop binge eating and purging with evidence-based treatment.
C) All people with bulimia nervosa exhibit some improvement with evidence-based treatment; it is just a question of how much improvement.
D) When individuals with eating disorders receive treatment, this eliminates their risk of death.
E) About 10% of people who receive an evidence-based treatment for an eating disorder, relapse.

Question 16

The main difference between binge eating disorder and bulimia nervosa is

A) men are generally diagnosed with binge eating disorder and women are diagnosed with bulimia nervosa.
B) those suffering from binge eating disorder binge more often.
C) binge eating disorder does not involve a sense of lack of control.
D) the number of calories consumed per binge is higher in bulimia nervosa.
E) sufferers of binge eating disorder do not engage in compensatory behaviours.

Question 17

A study that followed women treated for eating disorders for 9 years found relapse rates of about:

A) one third
B) 25%
C) 11% for anorexia and 25% for bulimia
D) one half
E) 65%

Question 18

The "escape from self-awareness model" of Bulimia Nervosa posits that ___________ offers an escape from __________.

A) self-induced vomiting; thoughts and feelings of guilt regarding binge-eating
B) binge-eating; thoughts and feelings about perceived failures
C) caloric restriction; self-awareness
D) use of laxatives; feelings of guilt about over-eating
E) binge-eating; guilt regarding purging behaviours

Question 19

With the publication of DSM-5, binge eating disorder has been:

A) included as a subtype of bulimia nervosa.
B) included as a residual eating disorders diagnosis.
C) added to the "Not Otherwise Specified" diagnoses.
D) included as a standalone eating disorder.
E) has been moved to the appendix of the manual.

Question 20

The self-evaluation of individuals with bulimia nervosa is overly influenced by?

A) body shape
B) peers
C) social media
D) parents
E) romantic partners

Question 21

According to Stice's review of the literature on risk factors for eating disorders, which of the following is not a vulnerability factor for eating pathology?

A) precocious sexual development
B) increased body mass
C) internalization of the thin ideal
D) sociocultural pressure to be thin
E) body dissatisfaction

Question 22

Bulimia nervosa has been treated with ___________ medication with some success.

A) antipsychotic
B) antidepressant
C) bicyclic
D) antianxiety
E) St. John's Wort

Question 23

That certain personality traits seem to contribute to the development of an eating disorder is supported by the fact that

A) these traits tend to disappear following recovery of the eating disorder.
B) these traits tend to persist before and after an eating disorder has been diagnosed.
C) these traits are very common in women who suffer from eating disorders.
D) these traits are very present before the onset of an eating disorder but are not shown after an eating disorder is diagnosed.
E) these traits are found exclusively in people suffering from an eating disorder.

Question 24

Estimates are that for every male who is diagnosed with an eating disorder, there are ___________ females with these disorders

A) 4-5
B) 20-25
C) 10-15
D) 8-10
E) 2-3

Question 25

Evidence suggests that dieting can

A) alter brain serotonin function.
B) increase GABA levels.
C) diminish norepinephrine.
D) alter brain dopamine function.
E) alter overall brain activity.

Question 26

A study of eating-disordered patients found that ___________ percent of the patients reported being sexually abused.

A) 1
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 59

Question 27

Which of the following is true with respect to biological treatments for anorexia nervosa?

A) No medication for treating anorexia nervosa has been successful
B) Anti-anxiety medication is successful in treating many of the symptoms
C) Antipsychotic medication is successful in treating many of the symptoms
D) Herbal remedies are mildly effective at treating the symptoms
E) Antidepressant medication is successful in treating many of the symptoms

Question 28

Within non-clinical populations, there is evidence that

A) males are more likely to perceive themselves as overweight.
B) males are more likely to be on diets.
C) females are more satisfied with their weight than are males.
D) males are disproportionately affected by weight and shape concerns.
E) males would like to increase their weight, whereas females would like to lose weight.

Question 29

Research evidence suggests that history of exposure to trauma is more frequently associated with development of an eating disorder that involves:

A) binge eating
B) purging
C) caloric restriction only
D) control methods only, including caloric restriction and exercise
E) binge eating and purging

Question 30

Although the ideal woman, as depicted by the media, is getting ___________, women are becoming __________.

A) thinner; heavier
B) thinner; even more thin
C) thinner; thinner
D) heavier; thinner
E) heavier; heavier

Question 31

It has been found that mothers with eating disorders

A) are more likely to use food for nutritive purposes than non-disordered mothers.
B) are more likely to try to prevent the disorder from occurring in their children.
C) discourage dieting among their daughters.
D) do not seem as interested in their daughters' weight as non-disordered mothers.
E) do not feed their children as regularly as non-disordered mothers do.

Question 32

Self-induced vomiting may also produce

A) heightened sensitivity to cold.
B) dry hair and hair loss.
C) Russell's sign.
D) lanugo.
E) dry skin.

Question 33

One example of a structured interview used to evaluate features and issues related to eating disorders is

A) Symptom Checklist 90.
B) Beck Depression Inventory.
C) Eating Disorder Examination.
D) Eating Disorder Inventory.
E) Anorexia and Bulimia Checklist.

Question 34

Lanugo refers to

A) the lack of sexual desire among patients with anorexia nervosa.
B) the fine body hair on people with anorexia nervosa.
C) the confusion experienced by people with anorexia nervosa as a result of starvation.
D) electrolyte imbalance.
E) the yellowish skin tone of patients with anorexia nervosa.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Heterosexual men are more likely than gay men to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.
B) Lesbian women are more likely than heterosexual women to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.
C) Lesbian women are more likely than gay men to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.
D) Heterosexual women are more likely than lesbian women to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.
E) Gay men are more likely than heterosexual men to be preoccupied with their body size and shape.

Question 36

Which of the following is true regarding gender and body dissatisfaction?

A) There appears to be an increasing discrepancy between the average man and the "ideal man" as depicted in the media.
B) Pressure to obtain the ideal body is now about the same in females and males.
C) Males are generally not susceptible or sensitive to the effects of media images.
D) Males feel worse about themselves after viewing images of thin men.
E) The average male is becoming leaner over time, consistent with media images.

Question 37

Individuals with anorexia and bulimia demonstrate signs of ___________ dysregulation, supporting the role of dysfunctional neurotransmitter activity in eating disorders.

A) serotonin
B) GABA
C) dopamine
D) ACH
E) melatonin

Question 38

One complication of studying the symptoms of eating disorders is that they can sometimes overlap with ___________ disorders.

A) personality
B) dissociative
C) arousal and physiological
D) somatoform
E) psychotic

Question 39

There is a relatively high rate of comorbidity in eating disorders, particularly with

A) dissociative amnesia
B) mild psychotic disorders
C) substance, mood, anxiety and personality disorders
D) dissociative and somatoform disorders
E) post-traumatic stress disorder

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT true concerning gender and eating disorders?

A) The main features of anorexia and bulimia are similar in males and females.
B) Male patients are treated more effectively if separated from female patients.
C) It does not appear as though the symptomatology of eating disorders differs across genders.
D) Males with eating disorders exhibit much more psychiatric comorbidity than do females.
E) The treatment response of males is similar to that of female patients.

Question 41

People with anorexia nervosa usually develop a list of "forbidden" foods.

Question 42

Interpersonal therapy for eating disorders differs from cognitive-behaviour therapy in which of the following ways?

A) It does not directly target eating disorder attitudes and behaviours.
B) It focuses on identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.
C) It encourages the patient to use self-monitoring to help normalize their eating.
D) It uses psychoeducation about normalized eating.
E) It teaches problem-solving skills.

Question 43

Binge eating disorder has been introduced in DSM-5 as an eating disorder requiring further study.

Question 44

Social withdrawal, irritability, preoccupation with food, and depression appear to be effects rather than causes of anorexia.

Question 45

One therapy that has received some empirical support in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is ___________ therapy

A) cognitive-behavioural
B) interpersonal
C) pharmacological
D) family
E) nutritional

Question 46

The goal of the first stage of cognitive-behaviour therapy for bulimia involves which of the following?

A) convincing the patient to accept medication as the primary treatment so that therapy can follow
B) focusing on strategies for maintaining change and preventing relapse
C) a focus on establishing a regular pattern of eating
D) identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs
E) establishing healthier ways of limiting calories intake

Question 47

The disturbance in body image observed in anorexia nervosa is often linked to low self-esteem.

Question 48

Self-help manuals are used in all of the following ways, EXCEPT:

A) To provide access to treatment to those who might not otherwise have access to treatment for eating disorders.
B) In conjunction with guidance by a non-specialist professional such as a nurse or family doctor.
C) as the first step in a stepped care approach.
D) to assist individuals who have not responded to a full course of CBT.
E) for administration to patients on waiting lists for intensive treatment.

Question 49

Probably the most important first step in the treatment of anorexia nervosa is

A) family therapy.
B) nutritional management.
C) interpersonal therapy.
D) individual psychotherapy.
E) forced feeding.

Question 50

In studies that compared interpersonal therapy with CBT, it was found that

A) interpersonal therapy produced effects equal to CBT at follow up, but CBT was better at the conclusion of treatment.
B) interpersonal therapy produced long term effects equal to CBT and was equally as good at the conclusion of treatment.
C) interpersonal therapy worked much more quickly than did CBT.
D) interpersonal therapy produced effects inferior to CBT but was better at the conclusion of treatment.
E) interpersonal therapy produced effects that were inferior to CBT.

Question 51

People with anorexia nervosa do not engage in purging behaviour to maintain weight-loss.

Question 52

In the Middle Ages, refusal to eat and fear of gaining weight were looked down upon and were associated with witchcraft.

Question 53

Bulimia nervosa was first identified and named in the 1970s.

Question 54

Family therapy for eating disorders appears to have greater effectiveness for:

A) adults
B) adolescents
C) males
D) females
E) all patients

Question 55

Prevention programs aim to reduce the incidence of eating disorders primarily by:

A) behaviorally reinforcing healthy eating practices
B) reducing the incidence of depressogenic cognitions in high risk populations
C) providing counseling support for incidents that could trigger ED-related behaviors
D) educating children about the dangers of purging
E) decreasing internalization of the cultural ideal

Question 56

People with bulimia nervosa are typically within the normal weight range.

Question 57

Research has shown that the most effective type of treatment for bulimia nervosa is

A) SSRIs.
B) interpersonal therapy.
C) group therapy.
D) cognitive-behavioural therapy.
E) supportive psychotherapy.

Question 58

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are similar in that both involve weight and shape as a primary source of self-evaluation, have low self-esteem, and involve some type of behaviour aimed at controlling weight.

Question 59

Regardless of the type of treatment used, relapse is common in the case of anorexia nervosa.

Question 60

The Maudsley approach initially attempts to focus on:

A) disorted body image
B) overcontrolling mothers
C) excessive exercise
D) weight gain and eating
E) binge eating and purging

Question 61

Reduced serotonin transporter density has been associated with BOTH anorexia and bulimia.

Question 62

Men are more likely than women to be affected by media images of the ideal body type.

Question 63

Individuals who binge eat are less likely to exhibit comorbid substance abuse.

Question 64

List and briefly describe the DSM-5 criteria for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa.

Question 65

Impulsivity is associated with anorexia and bulimia.

Question 66

Body dissatisfaction is more central to the diagnosis of bulimia than to anorexia.

Question 67

The Eating Disorder Examination has been found to have poor reliability and validity.

Question 68

Gay men and lesbian women are at a greater risk for developing eating disorders.

Question 69

Purging behaviour in anorexia or bulimia is believed to constitute more severe pathology than other forms of these eating disorders.

Question 70

Some researchers believe that binge eating disorder is really a subtype of bulimia.

Question 71

Compare and contrast the two subtypes of anorexia nervosa.

Question 72

Few sufferers of eating disorders have reported early sexual abuse.

Question 73

Many individuals with eating disorders move from one diagnostic category to another, and even back again, across time.

Question 74

Describe the DSM-5 criteria for bulimia nervosa and specify the two subtypes.

Question 75

Chronic dieters are at significant risk of developing an eating disorder.

Question 76

Interpersonal therapy has shown similar long-term outcome results as cognitive- behavioral therapy in the treatment of bulimia nervosa.

Question 77

Perfectionism is a personality trait found in patients with eating disorders.

Question 78

Both older tricyclics and newer serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been shown to be highly successful in the long-term treatment of bulimia.

Question 79

Major depressive disorder can involve severe weight loss or over-eating but will NOT include over-concern regarding weight or inappropriate compensatory behaviours.

Question 80

The neurotransmitter dopamine has been shown to be related to eating disorders.