Deck 4: Anatomy of the Nervous System

Question 1

The limbic system is important for motivation and emotional behaviors.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Although relatively small, the hypothalamus is very important for a large range of motivated behaviors.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

If you fell asleep on a sunny beach lying on your stomach, then your dorsal side would likely be sunburned.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Ganglia in the parasympathetic system are arranged in a chain near the spinal cord.

Question 5

The function of the cerebellum is limited to balance and coordination.

Question 6

Neurons that directly convey messages to muscles and glands are part of the central nervous system.

Question 7

Cell bodies of motor neurons are located outside of the spinal cord.

Question 8

Some cranial nerves include both sensory and motor components.

Question 9

Cranial Nerve II is called the optic nerve.

Question 10

The hindbrain consists of the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum.

Question 11

Parasympathetic neurons use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.

Question 12

The elbow is more distal to the shoulder than the hand.

Question 13

A tract in the spinal cord would most likely be found in the white matter.

Question 14

Damage to the medulla is frequently fatal.

Question 15

The parasympathetic nervous system activates the "fight or flight" response.

Question 16

Cerebrospinal fluid provides the major cushion for the brain.

Question 17

Substantia nigra gives rise to the dopamine-containing pathway that facilitates readiness for movement.

Question 18

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems generally have opposing actions on the major internal organs.

Question 19

The choroid plexus reabsorbs the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 20

Deterioration of the basal ganglia may lead to Parkinson's disease.

Question 21

The parietal lobe lies between the occipital lobe and the central sulcus.

Question 22

Humans have a higher brain-to-body ratio than all other species.

Question 23

Bumps and depressions in the skull are closely related to how well-developed the underlying brain areas are.

Question 24

The somatic division of the nervous system carries signals from the _____ to the _____.

A) senses; central nervous system
B) organs; autonomic nervous system
C) organs; sympathetic nervous system
D) senses; peripheral nervous system

Question 25

Electroencephalography records neural signals generated by the activity of populations of neurons.

Question 26

The central nervous system is composed of:

A) the brain and spinal cord.
B) all the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
C) the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
D) the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 27

Hydrocephalus is caused by inflammation of the meninges.

Question 28

What are the two parts of the central nervous system?

A) autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system
B) cerebrum and cerebellum
C) sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
D) brain and spinal cord

Question 29

Damage to the striate cortex of the right hemisphere causes blindness in the left visual field.

Question 30

Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons bringing messages from the senses to the central nervous system?

A) Autonomic
B) Sympathetic
C) Somatic
D) Parasympathetic

Question 31

Together, the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system make up the _____ nervous system.

A) peripheral
B) central
C) sympathetic
D) dorsal

Question 32

The human cerebral cortex contains up to eight distinct layers of cell bodies.

Question 33

Damage to the right hemisphere of the cortex would most likely cause loss of sensory or motor control on the left side of the body.

Question 34

The "binding problem" refers to the question of how various brain regions produce a single perception of a single object.

Question 35

The prefrontal cortex is important for working memory.

Question 36

The primary function of the cerebral cortex appears to be elaboration of sensory material.

Question 37

Nerves from the central nervous system convey information to the muscles and glands by way of the:

A) autonomic nervous system.
B) somatic nervous system.
C) sympathetic nervous system.
D) parasympathetic nervous system.

Question 38

Which division of the nervous system is composed of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems?

A) Central
B) Parasympathetic
C) Peripheral
D) Sympathetic

Question 39

When someone tickles you, the tickling sensation will be carried by neurons that are part of the _____ nervous system.

A) central
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) autonomic

Question 40

Many cells in association areas of the brain respond to more than one sensory modality.

Question 41

If the ipsilateral dorsal and ventral roots were cut, which of the following would be true?

A) Sensation would be lost on one side, and motor control on the other.
B) Sensation would be lost on both sides.
C) Motor control would be lost on both sides.
D) Sensation and motor control would be lost on one side.

Question 42

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the:

A) spinal cord.
B) dorsal root ganglia.
C) white matter.
D) ventral roots.

Question 43

An axon in your hand causes contraction of a muscle fiber in your finger as you write. This neuron belongs to which branch of the nervous system?

A) Central
B) Somatic
C) Sympathetic
D) Parasympathetic

Question 44

In anatomy, the opposite of medial is:

A) lateral.
B) dorsal.
C) ventral.
D) rostral.

Question 45

If one structure is on the left side of the body and another is on the right, they are said to be ____ to each other.

A) medial
B) lateral
C) ipsilateral
D) contralateral

Question 46

According to the Bell-Magendie law:

A) ventral roots of the spinal cord carry sensory information.
B) dorsal roots of the spinal cord carry motor information.
C) ventral and dorsal roots both carry sensory and motor information.
D) ventral roots carry motor information while dorsal roots carry sensory information.

Question 47

The spinal cord communicates with:

A) sense organs and muscles below the level of the head.
B) all sense organs and muscles in the human body.
C) dorsal root ganglia only.
D) ventral root ganglia only.

Question 48

Suppose a virus damaged only the dorsal roots of the spinal cord, but not the ventral roots. What would happen to the sensory and motor abilities of the affected area?

A) Loss of sensation, but preserved motor control
B) Loss of both sensation and motor control
C) Loss of motor control, but preserved sensation
D) Unaffected sensation and motor control

Question 49

After damage to the dorsal roots of the spinal cord, an individual will suffer what kind of loss?

A) Sensation from the affected body area
B) Control of the peripheral muscles in the affected body area
C) Control of organs in the affected body area
D) Control of the muscles on the opposite side of the body

Question 50

The basal ganglia are a related cluster of cell bodies in the central nervous system. Technically, the basal ganglia should have been name the basal:

A) tract.
B) lamina.
C) gyrus.
D) nuclei.

Question 51

The cell bodies of sensory neurons that are in clusters of neurons outside the spinal cord are called:

A) sensory nuclei
B) sensory clusters
C) ventral root ganglia
D) dorsal root ganglia

Question 52

What is the name given to a cluster of neurons inside the CNS?

A) Lamina
B) Column
C) Nucleus
D) Ganglion

Question 53

After damage to the ventral roots of the spinal cord, an individual will suffer what kind of loss?

A) Sensation from the affected body area
B) Control of the peripheral muscles in the affected body area
C) Control of organs in the affected body area
D) Control of the muscles on the opposite side of the body

Question 54

Which of the following means "toward the back"?

A) Dorsal
B) Medial
C) Proximal
D) Ventral

Question 55

Which division of the nervous system consists of neurons that control the heart, intestines, and other organs?

A) Internal
B) Afferent
C) Somatic
D) Autonomic

Question 56

Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from the front?

A) Coronal
B) Sagittal
C) Horizontal
D) Transverse

Question 57

Which of the following means "toward the side, away from the midline"?

A) Lateral
B) Medial
C) Proximal
D) Ventral

Question 58

What is the name given to a cluster of neurons outside the CNS?

A) Lamina
B) Column
C) Tract
D) Ganglion

Question 59

Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from above?

A) Coronal
B) Sagittal
C) Horizontal
D) Commuter

Question 60

Which plane shows brain structures as they would be seen from the side?

A) Coronal
B) Sagittal
C) Horizontal
D) Commuter

Question 61

Sympathetic ganglia:

A) are located inside the spinal cord.
B) act more independently than do parasympathetic ganglia.
C) are closely linked and often act as a single system.
D) have short postganglionic fibers extending to internal organs.

Question 62

The autonomic nervous system:

A) only receives information from the heart, intestines, and other organs.
B) only sends information to the heart, intestines, and other organs.
C) receives and sends information to the heart, intestines, and other organs.
D) conveys messages from the sense organs to the central nervous system.

Question 63

Which part of the nervous system prepares the body for "fight or flight" activities?

A) Sympathetic
B) Somatic
C) Parasympathetic
D) Peripheral

Question 64

Axons of motor neurons would most likely be found in which of the following?

A) Gray matter
B) White matter
C) Dorsal roots
D) Tracts

Question 65

Cell bodies of motor neurons would most likely be found in which of the following?

A) Gray matter
B) White matter
C) Dorsal roots
D) Tracts

Question 66

Digestive activity is increased by the activation of which branch of the autonomic nervous system?

A) The parasympathetic
B) The sympathetic
C) Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic
D) Neither the parasympathetic nor the sympathetic

Question 67

Seeing a snake come out of the drain in the bathtub might increase your heart rate, dilate your pupils, cause you to sweat, and raise the hair on your neck. These responses are due to the activity of the _____ nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) somatic
D) motor

Question 68

In the spinal cord, white matter is comprised mostly of _____, while gray matter is mostly _____.

A) cell bodies; myelinated axons
B) dendrites; myelinated axons
C) myelinated axons; cell bodies
D) cell bodies; dendrites

Question 69

A cross section of the spinal cord indicates that gray matter is:

A) densely packed with myelinated axons.
B) composed mostly of unmyelinated axons.
C) densely packed with cell bodies and dendrites.
D) composed only of dendrites.

Question 70

You are walking after dark. A sudden noise frightens you. Your heart pounds, your pulse races, and your breathing rate increases. These responses are due to your:

A) parasympathetic nervous system.
B) sympathetic nervous system.
C) somatic nervous system.
D) immune system.

Question 71

Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord is mainly composed of what structures?

A) cell bodies and dendrites
B) myelinated axons
C) unmyelinated axons
D) ganglia

Question 72

What is unique about the autonomic activity of the sweat glands?

A) They receive only parasympathetic input.
B) They receive only sympathetic input.
C) They only work when it's hot outside.
D) Both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system increase sweating.

Question 73

Sympathetic is to ____ as parasympathetic is to ____.

A) central nervous system; peripheral nervous system
B) voluntary behavior; involuntary behavior
C) arousal; relaxation
D) neurotransmitters; hormones

Question 74

What, generally, is the relationship between the activity of the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems?

A) The sympathetic controls internal organs while the parasympathetic controls peripheral organs.
B) The sympathetic usually has specific, localized effects, while the parasympathetic has broad effects.
C) They usually have opposite effects on the same organ.
D) The sympathetic is involved in voluntary behavior, while the parasympathetic is involved in involuntary behavior.

Question 75

The sweat glands, adrenal glands, and muscles that constrict blood vessels have input from only the ____ nervous system.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) central
D) dorsal root

Question 76

Where would you find the dorsal root ganglia?

A) At the base of the brain
B) In the gray matter of the spinal cord
C) In the white matter of the spinal cord
D) Outside, but near, the spinal cord

Question 77

Which activity is increased by the sympathetic nervous system?

A) Salivation
B) Heart rate
C) Digestive activity
D) Body temperature

Question 78

If the spinal cord is cut at a given segment, the brain loses sensation at:

A) that segment only.
B) that segment and all segments above it.
C) that segment and all segments below it.
D) all other segments.

Question 79

Which of the following would be the most likely effect of taking a drug that blocks sympathetic nervous system activity?

A) Increased blood pressure
B) Sweating
C) Slowed digestion
D) Decreased heart rate

Question 80

Erection of the hairs, known in humans as "goose bumps," is caused by activation of which branch of the nervous system?

A) Parasympathetic
B) Sympathetic
C) Central
D) Peripheral