Deck 22: Renal Disorders

Question 1

Individuals with which tissue types are at high risk for developing Goodpasture's syndrome in the kidney and lungs?
1)HLA-DR2
2)HLA-DR3
3)Both A and B
4)None of the above

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Which statement made by a student nurse demonstrates understanding of the basic pathology of renal disorders?
1)"Postrenal dysfunction can be accompanied by an increased risk of infection."
2)"Prerenal dysfunction can be caused by excessive consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)."
3)"Intrarenal dysfunction can lead to hydronephrosis."
4)"Postrenal dysfunction can result from severe hypovolemia."

Answer 2

1

Question 3

A nurse is teaching student nurses about the epidemiology of renal calculi.Which statement made by a student nurse indicates the need for further training?
1)"The lifetime risk of developing nephrolithiasis is around 7% for men in the United States."
2)"Renal calculi develop most commonly in adults aged 20 to 49 years."
3)"The risk of developing renal calculi doubles if there is a family history."
4)"Renal calculi can recur,with a chance of 52% recurrence within 10 years."

Answer 3

1

Question 4

At what age does the peak function of the kidneys occur in a healthy adult?
1)20 years
2)25 years
3)30 years
4)35 years

Question 5

A client presents with a specific type of renal calculi that is not widely prevalent.The nurse knows that this client has been undergoing chemotherapy as part of his or her treatment for cancer.Which is an associated characteristic of the type of renal calculi that is most likely to be present in this client?
1)Urine supersaturated with cystine
2)High purine levels in the bloodstream
3)Alkaline pH of urine
4)Pseudomonas infection in the urinary tract

Question 6

Which statement made by a student nurse demonstrates understanding about the secretory functions of the kidney?
1)"Clients with renal failure have higher hemoglobin levels because of constant secretion of erythropoietin."
2)"Kidneys create glucose from amino acids in case of excessive consumption of animal proteins."
3)"The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes renin in response to high sodium levels in the blood."
4)"Clients with impaired renal function have disrupted calcium balance in the bloodstream due to inactive vitamin D."

Question 7

Which is the most common condition associated with the formation of renal calculi?
1)Hyperabsorption of calcium and oxalate from the gastrointestinal tract
2)Chronic urinary tract infection
3)Gout
4)Failure of renal tubular reabsorption of cystine

Question 8

What percentage of clients suffering from Goodpasture's syndrome has clinically apparent manifestations of pulmonary and renal disease?
1)60% to 80%
2)20% to 40%
3)Fewer than 10%
4)More than 90%

Question 9

Which urinalysis finding indicates that the client could be suffering from renal dysfunction?
1)Urine is odorless and slightly hazy.
2)Urine is clear and amber-colored.
3)Urine is yellow,with a specific gravity of 1.001.
4)Urine contains crystals.

Question 10

Which statement made by a student nurse pertains to the theory of protein deficiency as a possible cause of formation of renal calculi?
1)"A kidney stone is formed when crystalline constituents settle on uropontin."
2)"Calcium phosphate deposition in the renal papilla leads to formation of a kidney stone."
3)"A Randall plaque is formed when a calcium phosphate compound settles in the renal papilla."
4)"Nephrocalcin inhibits kidney stone formation."

Question 11

The nurse is assessing the urinalysis report of a client of average build.Which observation definitely indicates an illness state in the client?
1)A serum creatinine level of 10 mg/dL
2)A blood urea nitrogen (BUN)level of 15 mg/dL
3)Casts in the urine
4)Slightly hazy urine

Question 12

Which is a likely cause of elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)in a client?
1)An increase in the glomerular filtration rate
2)Dehydration
3)Low protein diet
4)Very frail body structure

Question 13

A health-care provider is evaluating the urine and blood test reports of a client with a muscular body structure.Which observations are most likely to indicate that the client is suffering from renal impairment? Select all that apply.
1)High amount of leukocyte esterase
2)A blood urea nitrogen (BUN)of 25 mg/dL
3)Increased creatinine clearance
4)Decreased creatinine clearance
5)High specific gravity of dilute urine

Question 14

What percentage of filtered electrolytes is reabsorbed at the loop of Henle?
1)15%
2)25%
3)40%
4)60%

Question 15

What percentage of the body's cardiac output is received by the kidneys?
1)5% to 10%
2)20% to 25%
3)30% to 35%
4)45% to 50%