Deck 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances

Question 1

A registered nurse is teaching a student nurse about the reason for the development of natriuresis.Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective teaching?
1)"Natriuresis develops as a result of the excretion of large amounts of sodium."
2)"Natriuresis develops as a result of the excretion of large amounts of potassium."
3)"Natriuresis develops as a result of increased concentration of potassium and water in the blood."
4)"Natriuresis develops as a result of the reabsorption of sodium into the bloodstream."

Answer 1

1

Question 2

A client has +3 pitting edema on the feet and also has ascites.What is the most important clinical feature to be monitored given this condition?
1)Hemoglobin level
2)Serum albumin level
3)Red blood cells count
4)White blood cells count

Answer 2

2

Question 3

A physician orders IV potassium infusion for a hypokalemic client.Which intervention should be avoided by the nurse while administering IV potassium?
1)Administration of hypertonic potassium chloride IV bolus
2)Administration of diluted IV potassium
3)Administration of 20 mEq of potassium chloride
4)Slow administration of potassium supplements

Answer 3

1

Question 4

A client's serum phosphorus level is 5.5 mg/dL.Which clinical manifestations would the client exhibit?
1)Tetany and hypotension
2)Tetany and muscle weakness
3)Ataxia and hypertension
4)Muscle weakness and tremor

Question 5

What is oncotic pressure?
1)The pushing force exerted by water in the bloodstream.
2)The pressure exerted by electrolytes in the bloodstream.
3)The force exerted by albumin in the bloodstream.
4)None of the above.

Question 6

Which IV fluids should be avoided for a client with cerebral edema?
1)Isotonic solution
2)Hypertonic solution
3)Hypotonic solution
4)None of the above

Question 7

During evaluation of a client who has undergone a bariatric surgery,the nurse finds that the client has an abnormally rapid heartbeat and hypotension.Which condition has the client developed?
1)Dehydration
2)Hypervolemia
3)Hypernatremia
4)None of the above

Question 8

What is the best intervention to correct hypervolemic hyponatremia in a client diagnosed with a serum sodium level of 120 mEq/L?
1)Administration of tolvaptan
2)Administration of sevelamer
3)Administration of alendronate
4)None of the above

Question 9

A client has hypertension and elevated serum calcium concentration.Which condition is likely to occur in the client?
1)Osteopenia
2)Platelet dysfunction
3)Osteomalacia
4)Ventricular fibrillation

Question 10

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone cardiac surgery.What is the best method to assess the client's fluid loss or gain?
1)Measuring body weight and vital signs every day
2)Recording blood pressure and calorie intake every day
3)Recording 24-hour fluid intake and output and calorie intake
4)Taking waist measurement and placing a Foley catheter

Question 11

A 55-year-old hypervolemic client has headache,muscle cramp,vomiting,and looks confused.Which condition has the client developed?
1)Hyponatremia
2)Hypernatremia
3)Hypokalemia
4)Hypocalcemia

Question 12

Which substance is transported to the cells by facilitated transport?
1)Glucose
2)Sodium
3)Potassium
4)Albumin

Question 13

Which condition causes pseudohypocalcemia?
1)Hyperkalemia
2)Hyponatremia
3)Hypophosphatemia
4)Hypoalbuminemia

Question 14

Which condition is called hypocalcemia?
1)Serum calcium less than 8.5 mg/dL
2)Serum calcium less than 2.5 mg/dL
3)Serum calcium less than 1.5 mg/dL
4)None of the above.

Question 15

A client has increased serum phosphorus levels.Which condition related to hyperphosphatemia would the nurse expect to find in the client?
1)Hypocalcemia
2)Hypernatremia
3)Hypomagnesaemia
4)Hyperkalemia

Question 16

A client's lab results show overproduction of aldosterone.What is the best nursing intervention to maintain serum electrolytes levels in the client?
1)Administration of spironolactone
2)Recommendation of sodium-rich foods
3)Administer sodium chloride injection
4)Give magnesium sulfate injection

Question 17

What is the daily potassium requirement of humans for optimal cell functioning?
1)20 mEq
2)60 mEq
3)3)5 mEq
4)8)5 mEq

Question 18

Which substance can reduce the body's response to cardiac drugs?
1)Calcium
2)Sodium
3)Potassium
4)Magnesium

Question 19

A client is running a high temperature and is found to have fluid volume deficit.Which signs and symptoms are likely to appear in the client because of fluid volume deficit? Select all that apply.
1)Orthostatic hypotension
2)Crackles in lungs
3)Dyspnea
4)Poor skin turgor
5)Dark urine with low specific gravity

Question 20

A client is on digitalis and the lab results show that the client is hypokalemic.What effect could hypokalemia have on the drug administered?
1)It might cause pericarditis.
2)It can cause digitalis toxicity.
3)It can increase the effectiveness of digitalis.
4)It might not have any effect on digitalis.