Deck 57: Overview of Infections, inflammation, and Fever

Question 1

Which of the following statements provides the best description of Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A) A hypersensitivity reaction that can produce results similar to those of second-degree burns
B) A tolerance to antimicrobial agents that is developed over a period of time
C) An inherited resistance to infection passed through the placental barrier
D) An idiosyncratic response to treatment with antiseptic agents

Answer 1

A hypersensitivity reaction that can produce results similar to those of second-degree burns

Question 2

Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of a client's antimicrobial therapy?

A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) White blood cells
D) Hemoglobin

Answer 2

White blood cells

Question 3

The nurse is assigned to the care of a client who was just admitted to the nursing unit with pneumonia.The nurse anticipates receiving a drug order for an antibiotic after the laboratory telephones the nursing unit with which of the following specimen reports?

A) Gram stain
B) Culture of the organism
C) Sensitivity testing
D) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Answer 3

Gram stain

Question 4

The nurse is aware that which of the following is not a mediator of the inflammatory response?

A) Adrenalin
B) Histamine
C) Prostaglandin
D) Leukotriene

Question 5

Which of the following types of drugs is not likely to be used in the treatment of a hypersensitivity reaction to an antimicrobial drug?

A) Antihistamine
B) Antipyretic
C) Corticosteroid
D) Epinephrine

Question 6

Which term refers to a systemic infection caused by the multiplication of microorganisms in the circulation?

A) Infection
B) Colonization
C) Inflammation
D) Septicemia

Question 7

The nurse concludes that which of the following symptoms reported by the client does not indicate an actual hypersensitivity reaction?

A) Urticaria
B) Hives
C) Dyspnea
D) Nausea and vomiting

Question 8

The sensitivity portion of the culture and sensitivity test is vital because it provides what information about the offending microorganism?

A) Resistance
B) Colony count
C) Type of organism
D) Time it will take to eradicate it

Question 9

The nurse explains to a client that a newly ordered antibiotic should help improve the client's symptoms within what timeframe after administration begins?

A) 4 days
B) 3 days
C) 2 days
D) 1 day

Question 10

The nurse explains to a new nursing student that antimicrobial agents may exert their bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal actions in which of the following ways?

A) Enhancing bacterial protein synthesis
B) Inhibiting synthesis of essential metabolites
C) Maximizing bacterial cell wall synthesis
D) Synthesizing the killing effect of the bacteria

Question 11

The nurse notes that a client going to surgery has an order for an antibiotic.The nurse expects that the client may continue receiving the antibiotic to prevent infection for up to how long after surgery?

A) 8 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 48 hours
D) 36 hours

Question 12

The client is beginning to develop signs of a hypersensitivity reaction to an antibiotic.The nurse would be most concerned about development of which of the following?

A) Localized skin rash on the chest
B) Generalized skin rash
C) Urticaria
D) Dyspnea

Question 13

The nurse is aware that a client's primary defense mechanism against infection is the

A) white blood cell count.
B) absolute neutrophil count.
C) subcutaneous fat.
D) skin.

Question 14

A client who has been taking antibiotics for approximately 4 days develops a superinfection.When explaining superinfection to the client,the nurse would include that it develops

A) rarely with use of single-drug therapy.
B) usually when large doses of antibiotics are used.
C) whenever narrow-spectrum antibiotics are indicated.
D) all the time with any type of intravenous antibiotics.

Question 15

The nurse anticipates that irreversible brain damage may occur at a body temperature of

A) 101° F.
B) 103° F.
C) 106° F.
D) 108° F.