Deck 15: Blood

Question 1

The condition in which an artery becomes abnormally widened due to a weakness in the arterial wall is called

A) an aneurysm.
B) ischemia.
C) gangrene.
D) phlebitis.

Answer 1

an aneurysm.

Question 2

Which of the following is not true of capillaries?

A) They are made up only of endothelium.
B) The endothelium has one-way valves.
C) They receive blood from arterioles.
D) They are where material is exchanged with the cells.

Answer 2

The endothelium has one-way valves.

Question 3

Blood moves through blood vessels in which of the following sequences, starting from the heart?

A) Arteries $\rightarrow$ arterioles $\rightarrow$ venules $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ veins
B) Arterioles $\rightarrow$ arteries $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ veins $\rightarrow$ venules
C) Arteries $\rightarrow$ arterioles $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ venules $\rightarrow$ veins
D) Arteries $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ veins $\rightarrow$ arterioles $\rightarrow$ venules

Answer 3

Arteries $\rightarrow$ arterioles $\rightarrow$ capillaries $\rightarrow$ venules $\rightarrow$ veins

Question 4

Which of the following is a condition in which blood pools in the veins due to incompetent valves?

A) An aneurysm
B) Phlebitis
C) Varicose veins
D) Gangrene

Question 5

Which structure in the fetus allows blood to bypass the immature liver?

A) Foramen ovale
B) Ductus venosus
C) Ductus arteriosus
D) Umbilical vein

Question 6

A large area of necrosis that has progressed to decay is called

A) an aneurysm.
B) ischemia.
C) gangrene.
D) phlebitis.

Question 7

Which layer of the blood vessel is composed of muscle and usually thicker in arteries than in veins?

A) Tunica media
B) Tunica intima
C) Tunica externa
D) Endothelium

Question 8

The first blood vessel of pulmonary circulation is the

A) pulmonary artery.
B) aorta.
C) superior vena cava.
D) pulmonary vein.

Question 9

Which of the following is the smooth inner layer of the blood vessels?

A) Tunica media
B) Tunica intima
C) Endothelium
D) Both B and C

Question 10

Which of the following is not true of hepatic portal circulation?

A) It routes blood from several digestive organs to the liver.
B) Blood traveling through hepatic portal circulation is sent through two capillary beds rather than one.
C) It is important in maintaining blood homeostasis.
D) All of the above are true of hepatic portal circulation.

Question 11

Blood pressure is highest in the

A) capillaries.
B) large veins.
C) large arteries.
D) small veins.

Question 12

Which layer of the blood vessel is made of tough connective tissue?

A) Tunica media
B) Tunica externa
C) Tunica intima
D) Endothelium

Question 13

Blood pressure is lowest in the

A) capillaries.
B) large veins.
C) large arteries.
D) small arteries.

Question 14

Which of the following is not true of arteries?

A) The endothelium has one-way valves.
B) They have a thicker tunica media than veins.
C) They carry blood away from the heart.
D) They carry blood to arterioles.

Question 15

Which of the following is an inflammation of a vein?

A) An aneurysm
B) Phlebitis
C) Varicose veins
D) Gangrene

Question 16

The first blood vessel of systemic circulation is the

A) pulmonary artery.
B) aorta.
C) superior vena cava.
D) inferior vena cava.

Question 17

Which structure in the fetus carries oxygen-rich blood from the mother to the baby?

A) Umbilical vein
B) Umbilical artery
C) Ductus arteriosus
D) Ductus venosus

Question 18

Which of the following is not true of veins?

A) The endothelium has one-way valves.
B) They have a thinner tunica media than arteries.
C) They carry blood away from the heart.
D) They receive blood from venules.

Question 19

Which structure in the fetus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta?

A) Umbilical vein
B) Umbilical artery
C) Ductus arteriosus
D) Ductus venosus

Question 20

Which structure in the fetus allows blood to be shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium?

A) Foramen ovale
B) Ductus venosus
C) Ductus arteriosus
D) Umbilical vein

Question 21

Another term for a cerebrovascular accident is

A) a stroke.
B) an aneurysm.
C) a varix.
D) phlebitis.

Question 22

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Vessel that carries blood from the digestive system to capillaries in the liver

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 23

What is the direct cause of blood pressure?

A) Blood volume
B) Strength of the heart contraction
C) Heart rate
D) Blood viscosity

Question 24

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 25

Which type of shock results from the effects of infectious agents, such as bacteria, releasing toxins in the blood?

A) Cardiogenic shock
B) Neurogenic shock
C) Anaphylactic shock
D) Septic shock

Question 26

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Structure in the fetus that allows blood to bypass the immature liver

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 27

Which type of shock results from blood loss?

A) Cardiogenic shock
B) Hypovolemic shock
C) Anaphylactic shock
D) Septic shock

Question 28

Which type of shock results from a loss of sympathetic impulses sent to the smooth muscles of the blood vessels?

A) Cardiogenic shock
B) Neurogenic shock
C) Anaphylactic shock
D) Septic shock

Question 29

Which of the following is not a location at which the pulse can be felt in the upper limb?

A) Popliteal artery
B) Radial artery
C) Axillary artery
D) Brachial artery

Question 30

Polycythemia has a direct effect on which of the following factors that influence blood pressure?

A) Blood volume
B) Strength of the heart contraction
C) Heart rate
D) Blood viscosity

Question 31

Which blood vessel carries blood away from the capillaries?

A) Arteries
B) Arterioles
C) Venules
D) Both A and B

Question 32

Which of the following does not increase the risk of developing hypertension?

A) Genetics
B) Being female
C) Being African American
D) All of the above increase the risk of developing hypertension.

Question 33

An increase in which of the following can actually decrease blood pressure?

A) Blood volume
B) Strength of the heart contraction
C) Heart rate
D) Blood viscosity

Question 34

Which type of shock results from any type of heart failure?

A) Cardiogenic shock
B) Neurogenic shock
C) Anaphylactic shock
D) Septic shock

Question 35

Which type of shock results from an acute type of allergic reaction?

A) Cardiogenic shock
B) Hypovolemic shock
C) Anaphylactic shock
D) Septic shock

Question 36

Which blood vessel carries blood toward the capillaries?

A) Arteries
B) Arterioles
C) Venules
D) Both A and B

Question 37

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 38

Which of the following is not a location at which the pulse can be felt in the lower limb?

A) Popliteal artery
B) Femoral artery
C) Dorsalis pedis artery
D) Brachial artery

Question 39

Which factor influences resistance to blood flow?

A) Blood viscosity
B) Blood volume
C) Muscle tension in blood vessel walls
D) Both A and C

Question 40

Which term refers to a decrease in blood supply to a tissue, leading to gradual cell death?

A) Aneurysm
B) Ischemia
C) Gangrene
D) Phlebitis

Question 41

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
An abnormal widening of the artery caused by weakness of the arterial wall

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 42

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
Type of shock that results from a loss of sympathetic tone to the muscles of the blood vessels

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 43

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
Disorder caused by incompetent valves in the veins

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 44

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Layer of the blood vessel also called the endothelium

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 45

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
Type of shock that results from a severe allergic reaction

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 46

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
An inflammation of a vein

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 47

Relate the structure of each type of blood vessel to its particular function.

Question 48

What is arteriosclerosis? Identify its risk factors, and list some possible treatments for this condition?

Question 49

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
A structure in the fetus that connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 50

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Blood vessel in which the exchange of material between the blood and the body occurs

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 51

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
Condition caused by necrosis that has progressed to the point of decay

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 52

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The outermost layer of the blood vessel

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 53

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
Structure in the fetus that shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 54

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
Type of shock that can occur as a complication of septicemia

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 55

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
Type of shock that results directly from some type of heart failure

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 56

Describe the structure of the blood vessels.

Question 57

Match each term with its corresponding definition or description.
The muscle layer of the blood vessel

A)Ductus arteriosus
B)Artery
C)Ductus venosus
D)Vein
E)Tunica media
F)Capillary
G)Tunica externa
H)Hepatic portal vein
I)Tunica intima
J)Foramen ovale

Question 58

Explain the role of capillaries in the proper functioning of the circulatory system.

Question 59

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
Type of shock that results from blood loss

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 60

Match each disorder or condition with its corresponding description or definition.
Condition that occludes arteries and weakens the arterial wall

A)Gangrene
B)Aneurysm
C)Cardiogenic shock
D)Arteriosclerosis
E)Anaphylactic shock
F)Phlebitis
G)Septic shock
H)Varicose veins
I)Hypovolemic shock
J)Neurogenic shock

Question 61

The tunica intima is also called the endothelium.

Question 62

Describe pulmonary circulation. How is blood in the pulmonary arteries and veins different from blood in the systemic arteries and veins?

Question 63

Although capillaries have no tunica media, they have a tunica intima and tunica externa that are similar in thickness to those found in arterioles and venules.

Question 64

What are varicose veins, and what is their cause?

Question 65

The tunica intima of both veins and arteries has one-way valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

Question 66

The precapillary sphincter regulates the amount of blood that flows into a capillary bed.

Question 67

Name and explain the five types of circulatory shock described in the chapter.

Question 68

Because many medications are inactivated by liver enzymes, they are almost always administered intravenously or by injection into a muscle rather than orally. Explain why these medications must be given this way.

Question 69

Describe the ductus venosus, the ductus arteriosus, and the foramen ovale. How do these structures make fetal circulation more efficient?

Question 70

Veins serve as the blood reservoirs for the body.

Question 71

What is an aneurysm?

Question 72

Describe systemic circulation.

Question 73

Explain the five mechanisms that help move blood in the veins back to the heart.

Question 74

List and briefly describe the four factors that influence blood pressure, and explain what would happen to blood pressure if each of them increased.

Question 75

The tunica media in the arteries helps maintain blood pressure and blood distribution in the body.

Question 76

What is a pulse? Name two places in the head and neck and two places on the upper and lower extremities where a pulse can be felt.

Question 77

Capillaries empty into arterioles.

Question 78

The thick tunica externa in arteries enables them to deal with higher blood pressure.

Question 79

What is phlebitis, and why is the formation of a thrombus more likely in a vein than in an artery?

Question 80

Explain the blood pressure gradient in the body. Why must the gradient be as it is?