Deck 11: Translation of Foreign Financial Statements

Question 1

Scenario 11-1
Rhante is a German company wholly owned by a U.S. firm. Its inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market, with cost being measured by the average cost method. Purchases of inventory occur evenly throughout the period. In 2005 Rhante's ending inventory was 50,000 euros at cost and 48,000 euros at market. Assume the following exchange rates:

Refer to Scenario 11-1. Determine the translated value of Rhante's inventory to be included in the consolidated balance sheet for the U.S. parent given Rhante's functional currency is the euro.

A) $73,440
B) $76,500
C) $69,600
D) $72,500

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If the functional currency is determined to not be the foreign entity's local currency, translation is done using

A) the current rate method
B) the functional method
C) the remeasurement method
D) the derivative method

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered when directly computing the translation adjustment for foreign financial statements?

A) Beginning amount of net assets held by the domestic investor
B) Increase or decrease in net assets for the period excluding capital transactions
C) Increase or decrease in net asset as a result of capital transactions
D) All are considered when directly computing the translation adjustment

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Scenario 11-1
Rhante is a German company wholly owned by a U.S. firm. Its inventory is valued at the lower of cost or market, with cost being measured by the average cost method. Purchases of inventory occur evenly throughout the period. In 2005 Rhante's ending inventory was 50,000 euros at cost and 48,000 euros at market. Assume the following exchange rates:

Refer to Scenario 11-1. Determine the remeasured value of Rhante's inventory to be included in the consolidated balance sheet for the U.S. parent given Rhante's functional currency is the U.S. dollar.

A) $72,500
B) $73,440
C) $69,600
D) $76,500

Question 5

In which of the following circumstances surrounding a Mexican subsidiary of an U.S. parent is the peso most likely to be considered the functional currency?

A) Sales are made globally and collected in U.S. dollars. Plant uses local materials and labor and pays in pesos. Intercompany transaction volume is high.
B) The Mexican subsidiary sells product only in Mexico and receives pesos. The materials and labor are also secured in Mexico and paid for with pesos.
C) The Mexican subsidiary receives their debt capital from a U.S. bank in dollars and products produced are sold globally for U.S. dollars.
D) Raw materials are acquired from the parent and paid for in U.S. dollars. Labor is acquired locally and paid in pesos. Financing is secured from the parent in U.S. dollars.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true regarding foreign statement translation using the current or temporal method?

A) All assets and all liabilities are translated at the current exchange rate at the date of translation.
B) Monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the current exchange rate at the date of translation.
C) Equity accounts other than retained earnings are translated at the historic rate in effect on the date of the investment.
D) Elements of income can be translated at a weighted average rate for the period.

Question 7

Which of the following is true concerning the accounting for a foreign investment under the cost method?

A) Investment income is translated at the exchange rate on the dividend declaration date.
B) Investment income is translated using the average exchange rate for the year.
C) Investment income is based on the investee's net income adjusted for the excess of purchase price over book value.
D) Investment income is based on the investee's net income without adjusting for the excess of purchase price over book value.

Question 8

Assuming that a foreign entity is deemed to be operating in an environment dominated by the local currency, the entity's capital stock is translated using

A) the current rate.
B) a simple average rate.
C) a weighted average rate.
D) a historical rate.

Question 9

Which of the following suggests that the foreign entity's functional currency is the parent's currency?

A) Intercompany transaction volume is low.
B) Debt is serviced through local operations.
C) There is an active and primarily local market.
D) Sale prices are influenced by international factors.

Question 10

The translation (remeasurement) adjustment reported in a translation when the functional currency is not the foreign currency is included

A) as a separate component of other comprehensive income
B) in the current liability section of the balance sheet as deferred revenue
C) in the calculation of net income
D) none of the above

Question 11

The eliminations and adjustment entries necessary to consolidate the parent and subsidiary financial statements are translated as follows:

A) all balances, profits, and losses at the current exchange rate on the consolidation date
B) intercompany balances translate at the rates used for other accounts, profits and losses translate at an average rate
C) Intercompany balances translate at the current rates, profits and losses translate at an average rate
D) none of the above are correct

Question 12

When the functional currency is the foreign entity's currency:

A) exchange rate changes do not affect the economic well being of the parent
B) the subsidiary operates as an entity, independent of the parent
C) Exchange rate changes do not have immediate impact on the cash flows of the parent
D) All of the above are correct

Question 13

Which of the following foreign currency transactions would be included in the equity section of a U.S. firm along with the cumulative translation adjustments?

A) Those used to hedge a net investment in a foreign entity
B) Those used to speculate in foreign exchange rates
C) Those used to hedge an exposed asset or liability position
D) Those used to hedge a future foreign currency commitment

Question 14

The functional currency approach adopted by FASB 52 requires:

A) separate statements be maintained by the domestic parent company and the foreign branch both in their own currencies
B) separate statements be maintained by the domestic parent company and the foreign branch with the foreign branch translated into the functional currency
C) results from foreign currency changes to be ignored
D) a focus on whether the domestic reporting entity's cash flows will be indirectly or directly affected by changes in the exchange rates of the foreign entity's currency

Question 15

In most cases, which of the following is NOT a component of translated retained earnings?

A) Translated retained earnings at the end of the prior period
B) Income from the period translated at the historical rate
C) The value of dividends translated at the exchange rate on the date of declaration
D) All are components of translated retained earnings

Question 16

A U.S. parent purchased a foreign subsidiary last year at a price in excess of the subsidiary's book value. This excess is assumed to be traceable to undervalued equipment. When the parent company prepares its elimination entries for the excess, which of the following combinations of exchange rates should be used?

Question 17

A U.S. firm owns 100% of a Japanese automobile manufacturer. The cost of automobile parts is typically 75% of the firm's total product. In which of the following circumstances would neither the U.S. dollar nor the Japanese yen be considered the functional currency?

A) The Japanese firm buys German automobile parts with marks to produce cars sold in Latin America for dollars.
B) The Japanese firm buys German automobile parts with dollars to produce cars sold in Latin America for dollars.
C) The Japanese firm buys German automobile parts with marks to produce cars sold in Latin America for marks.
D) The FASB requires that either the parent's or the subsidiary's local currency be used as the functional currency.

Question 18

Exchange rates will not usually directly affect the cash flows of the parent entity in which of the following cases?

A) The foreign entity operates in a currency other than its own.
B) The foreign entity operates in its local currency.
C) The foreign entity functions in a currency other than its local currency.
D) The foreign entity functions in the parent's currency.

Question 19

Assuming that a foreign entity is deemed to be operating in an environment dominated by the local currency, the entity's assets are translated using

A) the current rate.
B) a simple average rate.
C) a weighted average rate.
D) a historical rate.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the normal required method of accounting for statements of foreign entities whose functional currency is the foreign entity's local currency, and in which a U.S. firm has an equity interest?

A) The functional method
B) The monetary-nonmonetary method
C) The current-noncurrent method
D) The temporal method

Question 21

The reconciliation of the annual translation adjustment usually includes all of the following, EXCEPT

A) net assets at the beginning of the period multiplied by the change in exchange rates during the period.
B) change in net assets (excluding capital transactions) multiplied by the difference between the current rate and the average rate used to translate income.
C) change in net assets (excluding capital transactions) multiplied by the difference between the historical rate and the average rate used to translate income.
D) change in net assets due to capital transactions multiplied by the difference between the current rate and the rate at the time of the capital transaction.

Question 22

Assuming that the functional currency of a foreign subsidiary is not the local currency, which of the following accounts would be remeasured at the historical rate?

A) Long-term notes payable
B) Accounts Payable
C) Land
D) Sales Revenue

Question 23

Consider the consolidation process for a foreign subsidiary: When the excess of cost over book value is attributable to identifiable assets, those assets are adjusted in the "distribution" elimination entry by an amount that is calculated as

A) the difference between cost and fair value as measured in the foreign currency
B) the difference between cost and fair value as measured in the foreign currency multiplied by the historical exchange rate
C) the difference between cost and fair value as measured in the foreign currency multiplied by the weighted-average exchange rate
D) the difference between cost and fair value as measured in the foreign currency multiplied by the current exchange rate

Question 24

Patents are on the books of a British subsidiary of a U.S. firm at a value of 50,000 pounds. The patents were acquired in 20X3 when the exchange rate was 1 pound = $1.50. The British subsidiary was acquired by the U.S. firm in 20X0 when the exchange rate was 1 pound = $1.40. The exchange rate on December 31, 20X4, the date of the most current balance sheet, is 1 pound = $1.55. The average rate of exchange for 20X4 is $1.53. What exchange rate will be used to remeasure patents for the consolidated statements dated December 31, 20X4?

A) $1.40
B) $1.50
C) $1.53
D) $1.55

Question 25

A debit balance in a parent's cumulative translation adjustment after the first year of owning a foreign subsidiary suggests which of the following is true?

A) The exchange rate has strengthened relative to the U.S. dollar.
B) The exchange rate has weakened relative to the U.S. dollar.
C) The foreign entity had net income but there was not a change in exchange rates.
D) The foreign entity had a net loss but there was not a change in exchange rates.

Question 26

Sharp Company owns a Japanese subsidiary. On October 15, 20X5, when the rate of exchange was 121 yen to $1, the Japanese subsidiary declared and paid a dividend to Sharp of 24,000,000 yen. The dividend represented the net income of the foreign subsidiary for the six months ended June 30, 20X5, during which time the weighted average of exchange rates was 125 yen to $1. The rate of exchange in effect at December 31, 20X5, was 135 yen to $1. What rate of exchange should be used to translate the dividend for the December 31, 20X5 financial statements?

A) 121 yen to $1
B) 125 yen to $1
C) 135 yen to $1
D) 128 yen to $1

Question 27

Which of the following best describes the measurement of a gain or loss from the sale of a depreciable asset by a foreign subsidiary whose functional currency is not the local currency?

A) Reconstruct the journal entry on the date of the sale using the historical rate for cash and the depreciable asset and its accumulated depreciation.
B) Reconstruct the journal entry on the date of the sale using the current rate for cash and the historical rate for the depreciable asset and its accumulated depreciation.
C) Translate the gain or loss using the historical rate.
D) Translate gains at the current rate and losses at the historical rate.

Question 28

As part of the consolidation process for a partially-held foreign subsidiary, the elimination entry to distribute the excess of cost over book value will include a credit to Cumulative Translation Adjustment-Parent

A) for the amount of excess attributable to identifiable net assets times the difference between historical and current exchange rates
B) for the amount of excess attributable to identifiable net assets times the difference between average and current exchange rates
C) for the Parent's portion of the excess attributable to identifiable net assets times the difference between historical and current exchange rates
D) for the Parent's portion of the excess attributable to identifiable net assets times the difference between average and current exchange rates

Question 29

Palm and Star: When Palm, Inc. acquired its 100% investment in Star Co, a foreign entity, the excess of cost over book value was 10,000FC. This excess was traceable to a 10-year patent.
Refer to Palm and Star. The elimination entry to amortize the excess will include a(n)

A) debit to amortization expense for 1,000FC times the current exchange rate
B) debit to amortization expense for 1,000FC times the weighted-average exchange rate
C) credit to Patent for 1,000FC times the historical exchange rate
D) credit to Cumulative Translation Adjustment for 1,000FC times the difference between the historical and weighted-average exchange rate

Question 30

Assuming that the functional currency of a foreign subsidiary is the local currency, which of the following accounts would be translated at the current rate?

A) Additional Paid-in Capital
B) Retained Earnings
C) Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
D) Cost of Goods Sold

Question 31

In a company's disclosure of foreign currency transactions and hedges and translation adjustments, all of the following items should be disclosed except

A) beginning and ending cumulative translation adjustments.
B) the amount of income taxes for the period allocated to translation adjustments.
C) the amount transferred from cumulative translation adjustment due to changes in foreign exchange rates.
D) the aggregate adjustment for the period resulting from translation adjustment.

Question 32

When an U.S. investor entity acquires interest in a foreign entity with the payment of foreign currency, the determination of excess is calculated

A) in dollars
B) in the foreign currency
C) in dollars if remeasurement (historical rate/temporal method) is indicated
D) in the foreign currency if translation (current rate/functional method) is indicated

Question 33

Which of the following procedures would be necessary when a Swiss subsidiary maintains its books in euros and its functional currency is Japanese Yen and its parent is a U.S. company?

A) Remeasurement from euros to U.S. Dollars
B) Remeasurement from euros to Japanese Yen; translate from Yen to U.S. Dollars
C) Remeasurement from Yen to euros; translate from euros to U.S. Dollars
D) none of the above

Question 34

FASB Statement #52 requires which of the following disclosures from firms involved in foreign currency transactions?

A) Beginning cumulative translation adjustments.
B) Ending cumulative translation adjustments.
C) The amount of income taxes for the period allocated to translation adjustments.
D) All are required disclosures.

Question 35

Palm and Star: When Palm, Inc. acquired its 100% investment in Star Co, a foreign entity, the excess of cost over book value was 10,000FC. This excess was traceable to a 10-year patent.
Refer to Palm and Star. The elimination entry to distribute the excess will include a(n)

A) debit to Patent for 10,000FC times the current exchange rate
B) debit to Patent for 10,000FC times the historical exchange rate
C) credit to Investment in Star for 10,000FC times the average exchange rate
D) credit to Cumulative Translation Adjustment for 10,000FC times the historical exchange rate

Question 36

Exchange gains and losses resulting from translating (not remeasuring) foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars should be included as a(an)

A) a component of other comprehensive income.
B) extraordinary item in the income statement for the period in which the rate changes.
C) ordinary gain/loss item in the income statement.
D) component of operating income.

Question 37

Discuss the factors that may be considered in determining if a Mexican subsidiary of a U.S. firm has the peso or the dollar as its functional currency. The subsidiary only manufactures component parts that are shipped to the U.S. firm's final production plant in Detroit.

Question 38

A foreign subsidiary of Dallas Jeans Corp. (a U.S. firm) has certain balance sheet accounts on December 31, 20X9. The functional currency is the U.S. dollar and currency of record is the peso and the parent's books are kept in U.S. dollars. Information relating to these accounts in U.S. dollars is as follows: What amount should be included as total assets on Dallas Jean's balance sheet on December 31, 20X9 as the result of the above information?

A) $645,000
B) $765,000
C) $770,000
D) $785,000
E) None of the above

Question 39

Which of the following best describes the accounting for a foreign entity requiring translation or remeasurement if the local economy is classified as highly inflationary?

A) The entity's financial statements are first adjusted for inflation and then translated into the domestic currency.
B) The entity's financial statements are first adjusted for inflation and then remeasured into the domestic currency.
C) The unadjusted trial balance is translated if the functional currency is the local currency.
D) The unadjusted trial balance is remeasured regardless of the functional currency.

Question 40

The adjustment resulting from the remeasurement of an entity operating in a highly inflationary environment would appear

A) in the stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet.
B) as a component of other comprehensive income.
C) as an ordinary income statement item.
D) as an extraordinary item on the income statement.

Question 41

A U.S. firm purchased 100% of a foreign firm on January 1, 20X1, when the foreign firm had the following equity accounts:
The U.S. firm paid 420,000 FCs for the foreign firm. The payment in excess of book value is traceable to undervalued land owned by the foreign firm. The foreign firm had a net income of 25,000 FCs during 20X1. Assume that the following exchange rates are relevant:
Required:
Prepare all the journal entries to record and update the investment account of the U.S. firm and the necessary eliminating and adjusting entries for the 20X1 consolidated statement. Assume that the U.S. firm used the simple equity method.

Question 42

In January, 20X3, Dudwil Corporation acquired a foreign subsidiary, Holman Company, by paying cash for all of the outstanding common stock of Holman. On the purchase date, Holman Company's accounts were stated fairly in local currency units (FC). Subsequent sales of Holman's common stock have been purchased by Dudwil to maintain its 100% ownership.
Holman's trial balance, in functional currency units (same as the local currency units), on December 31, 20X7, follows:
The following additional information is available:
a.
Holman uses the LIFO inventory method to account for its inventory. Purchases took place uniformly throughout 20X7. There were no intercompany sales during 20X7.
b.
During 20X7, Holman declared and paid a dividend of 7,000 FCs at the end of each calendar quarter.
c.
The balances in the contributed capital accounts result from the following transactions:

Paid-in Capital
Date
Capital Stock
in Excess of Par
January 1, 20X3, issuance
40,000
FC
80,000
FC
June 30, 20X5, issuance
40,000
104,300
January 1, 20X6, issuance
10,000
20,000
August 1, 20X6, retirement
(7,000)
(14,000)
83,000
FC
190,300
FC
The August 1, 20X6, retirement of stock involves stock originally issued on January 1, 20X3.
d.
The December 31, 20X6, retained earnings balance of 418,400 FC, translated into dollars, is $179,460.
e.
Selected translation rates are as follows:
Paid-in Capital
Date
Capital Stock
in Excess of Par
January 1, 20X3, issuance
40,000
FC
80,000
FC
June 30, 20X5, issuance
40,000
104,300
January 1, 20X6, issuance
10,000
20,000
August 1, 20X6, retirement
(7,000)
(14,000)
83,000
FC
190,300
FC

Date
1 FC equal to
January 1, 20X3
$0.30
20X3 average
0.32
20X4 average
0.38
February 1, 20X5
0.42
June 30, 20X5
0.45
20X5 average
0.45
January 1, 20X6
0.50
February 1, 20X6
0.52
August 1, 20X6
0.60
December 31, 20X6
0.61
20X6 average
0.56
March 31, 20X7
0.63
June 30, 20X7
0.66
September 30, 20X7
0.70
December 31, 20X7
0.75
20X7 average
0.70
Required:
Prepare a schedule to translate the December 31, 20X7, trial balance of Holman Company from local currency units to dollars. The schedule should show the trial balance in FCs, the exchange rates, and the trial balance. (Do not extend the trial balance to statement columns. Supporting schedules should be in good form.)

Question 43

For each of the following account balances, identify the exchange rate used to translate or remeasure. The choices are current exchange rate, historical rate, weighted average, other (specify).

Question 44

A U.S.-owned foreign subsidiary has the following beginning and ending stockholders' equity for 20X1:
The change in common stock resulted from a sale of stock to the parent firm on May 15. The change in retained earnings resulted from a July 1 dividend of 10,000 FC and net income for 20X1. Various exchange rates were as follows:
Required:
Compute the 20X1 translation adjustment for the foreign subsidiary.

Question 45

Kerry Manufacturing Company is a German subsidiary of a U.S. company. Kerry records its operations and prepares financial statements in euros. However, its functional currency is the British pound. Kerry was organized and acquired by the U.S. company on June 1, 20X4. The cumulative translation adjustment as of December 31, 20X6, was $79,860. The value of the subsidiary's retained earnings expressed in British pounds and U.S. dollars as of December 31, 20X7, was 365,000 pounds and $618,000, respectively. On March 1, 20X7, Kerry declared a dividend of 120,000 euros. The trial balance of Kerry in euros as of December 31, 20X7, is as follows:
The marketable securities were acquired on November 1, 20X6, and the prepaid insurance was acquired on December 1, 20X7. The cost of goods sold and the ending inventory are calculated by the weighted-average method. The underlying costs have been incurred uniformly throughout the year. On June 1, 20X4, 60% of the depreciable assets existed, and the balance was acquired on March 1, 20X6. The depreciable assets are amortized over a 10-year period by the straight-line method. Of the total depreciation expense, 80% is traceable to the cost of goods sold and the balance is in general expenses. On November 1, 20X6, Kerry received a customer prepayment valued at 3,000,000 euros. On February 1, 20X7, 2,040,000 euros of the prepayment was earned. The balance remains unearned as of December 31, 20X7.
Relevant exchange rates are as follows:
Required:
Prepare a remeasured and translated trial balance of the Kerry Manufacturing Company as of December 31, 20X7. Provide supporting schedules.

Question 46

On January 1, 20X1, Rapid Corporation purchased 25% of a foreign firm when its stockholders' equity section totaled 240,000 FCs. Rapid Corporation paid 75,000 FCs, with the excess over book value being attributed to equipment with a 5-year useful life. The foreign firm reported net income of 80,000 FCs for 20X1. Relevant exchange rates were as follows:
Required:
Prepare the journal entries necessary to record the events concerning Rapid's investment in the foreign firm.

Question 47

In the functional or current method of translation from functional currency to reporting currency, what are the steps required and rates to be used.

Question 48

On January 1, 20X8, Cayane Inc. purchased 90% of an German firm, Brosch Manufacturing when Brosch's equity consisted of the following:
Cayane paid 810,000 euros for its 90% interest in Brosch. The excess over book value was attributed to a building with a 20-year useful life. Brosch reported net income for 20X8 of 150,000 euros. The year-end cumulative translation adjustment is $10,000 credit. Relevant exchange rates are as follows:
Required:
Prepare all the journal entries related to Cayane's investment in Brosch and all the necessary eliminating and adjusting entries for consolidation of Brosch, assuming the use of the simple equity method.

Question 49

Complete the following table:

Question 50

Abercrombe Co., a U.S. firm, formed a German company in 20X4 by purchasing the common stock of the newly formed Dolce Inc. The functional currency of Dolce is the euro. During their first three years, Dolce experienced the following activity in retained earnings:
The following exchange rates could be relevant:
Required:
What is the translated December 31, 20X6, balance of the retained earnings for Dolce?

Question 51

CableTech, a US corporation, owns 100% of the Canadian company, Fiber Quebec. The Canadian dollar is the currency of record and the functional currency.
Required:
What currency exchange rate would be used to translate Fiber Quebec's accounts into US Dollars? Choose from current, simple average, weighted average, or historical.

Question 52

A French subsidiary of a U.S. firm keeps accounting records in euros. The U.S. dollar is considered the subsidiary's functional currency. Assume the following exchange rates:
Required:
Remeasure the following items from the December 31, 20X6 trial balance of the subsidiary:

Question 53

Company A, an American company, owns Company B, a Canadian subsidiary. Company A borrowed 1,000,000 Canadian dollars as a hedge on its net investment in Company B. For 20X3, Company A recorded an exchange gain of $40,000 due to exchange rate changes. The 20X3 translation adjustment for Company B was a debit of $42,000.
Required:
Describe the accounting treatment required for the hedge on Company A's books.

Question 54

List the two primary objectives of translating foreign financial statements according to the FASB #52, which emphasizes the concept of the functional currency.

Question 55

A Kuwaiti subsidiary of Hiawatha Corp. (a U.S. firm) has certain balance sheet accounts on December 31, 20X4. The functional currency is the U.S. dollar and currency of record is the dinar and the parents books are kept in U.S. dollars.
Information relating to these account in U.S. dollars is as follows:
Required:
From the above information, prepare the asset portion of the subsidiary's trial balance.

Question 56

A foreign subsidiary operates in a highly inflationary economy. The company's December 31, 20X2, trial balance includes the following:
Relevant exchange rates are as follows:
Required:
a.
Discuss the criteria that must be satisfied in order to qualify as a highly inflationary economy.
b.
Discuss how the remeasurement of statements of companies operating in such economies affects net income.
c.
Calculate the dollar value of the trial balance accounts as of December 31, 20X2.

Question 57

Foreign firms operating in highly inflationary economies received special treatment under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) relative to translating their financial statements.
Required:
a.
How does the FASB define a highly inflationary economy?
b.
Why is the method typically used for translating foreign entities not permitted for these firms?
c.
What method is used for remeasuring or translating the statements of these firms?

Question 58

Complete the following worksheet, assuming that on January 1, 20X1, Weiss Corporation purchased Rock Corporation. Rock's functional currency is the FC.

Question 59

Green Corporation, a wholly owned British subsidiary of a U.S. firm began the year with 1,300,000 British pounds in net assets. The subsidiary incurred a 65,000 British pound net loss for 20X1. The subsidiary issued common stock for 100,000 British pounds on November 15, 20X1. Assume the following exchange rates for 20X1:
Required:
Compute the translation adjustment for 20X1 using the direct method.

Question 60

An American firm owns 100% of a German firm that had the following transactions occur relative to their equipment account:
The following exchange rates could be relevant:
Required:
Assuming that the U.S. dollar is the functional currency and that the German firm uses straight-line depreciation over a 5-year period with a 10% salvage value, determine the following for remeasurement purposes:
a.
The value of the equipment account on December 31, 20X6.
b.
The value of the depreciation expense for 20X6.
c.
The amount of the gain or loss resulting from the July 1, 20X6, sale.

Question 61

Renta USA, Inc. formed a foreign subsidiary on January 1, 20X3; the subsidiary issued 15,000 of its no-par 10FC stock to Renta. The subsidiary's books are kept in their functional currency. Income earned in 20X3 and 20X4 totaled 100,000 FC and 120,000 FC, respectively. Dividends of 40,000 FC have been paid on December 31 of each year. In addition, 1,000 shares of common stock (no par) were issued on July 1, 20X4 for 20 FC each.
Exchange rates relating this foreign currency to U.S. dollars are as follows:
Required:
Calculate the owners' equity of the subsidiary on December 31, 20X4.

Question 62

On January 1, 20X2, U.S.A. Inc. created an Algerian subsidiary, Niko, Inc. The books are kept in Algerian dinars, but the functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Dividends are paid on December 31, and income is earned evenly throughout the year. The earnings and dividends of Niko in dinars are as follows:
Exchange rates are given below.
Required:
Calculate the balance in retained earnings for Niko in dollars as of December 31, 20X4.