Deck 6: Religions

Question 1

Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin America from North America?

A) having a Roman Catholic majority
B) having a Protestant majority
C) location relative to the Equator
D) Ethnic religions make up the majority in one but not the other.
E) Latin America has more Protestants, Jews, and Muslims.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The belief in the existence of only one god is

A) animism.
B) cosmogony.
C) monotheism.
D) polytheism.
E) pagan.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

When geographers study the sites where religions originated as well as the processes by which those religions diffused to other locations, they are focusing on the

A) spatial connections in religion.
B) geo-religious linkages of culture.
C) role of history in the social sciences.
D) lack of spatial connections in religion.
E) loss of historical processes in the formations of religions.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Animists believe that

A) people should complete God's creation of the Earth.
B) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits.
C) people should make complete use of the Earth's resources.
D) natural disasters are preventable.
E) enlightenment can be achieved by all people.

Question 5

-The maps in this chapter indicate that Eastern Orthodoxy is a branch of Christianity prevalent in

A) Russia.
B) Italy.
C) Spain.
D) Russia and Spain but not Greece.
E) Greece and Germany but not Russia.

Question 6

Religion is a good example of the tension between globalization and local diversity because

A) migrants leave their religion behind when they migrate to a new area.
B) religion always represents the most traditional worldviews of a population.
C) many people follow more than one religion.
D) all religions are in competition to convert as many people as possible.
E) religion represents core cultural values and beliefs that may conflict with others.

Question 7

The world's largest ethnic religion is

A) Confucianism.
B) Daoism.
C) Hinduism.
D) Shintoism.
E) Islam.

Question 8

With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment,

A) few religions derive meaningful events from the physical environment.
B) religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment.
C) religion is no longer an important source of identification for a distinct cultural group.
D) all religions appeal primarily to people living in their land of origin.
E) religious ideas nearly all arise from changes in the physical environment.

Question 9

Mahayanists, in contrast to Theravadists, emphasize Buddha's

A) life of self-help.
B) compassion.
C) renouncing of worldly goods.
D) wisdom.
E) practice of meditation.

Question 10

The maps and diagrams in this chapter help us surmise that a person from northern Germany is more likely to be an adherent of

A) Protestantism.
B) Roman Catholicism.
C) Judaism.
D) Eastern Orthodoxy.
E) a fundamentalist Christian sect.

Question 11

This map indicates that Lutherans are clustered in the ________ United States.

A) northeastern
B) southern
C) southwestern
D) upper midwestern
E) northwestern

Question 12

This map shows that Muslims are clustered in

A) Southwestern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of South Asia.
B) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, South America, and parts of North America.
C) Eastern Europe, North America, South Asia, and parts of Russia, China, and Japan.
D) East Asia, South Asia, and North Africa.
E) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, and parts of South Asia and Southeastern Asia.

Question 13

Given Daoism's classification as either a universalizing or an ethnic religion, which of the following would you be more likely to categorize as pertaining to Daoism?

A) Most shrines are located in major cities and towns around the world.
B) Most of the religious texts concern the stories and letters of missionaries who traveled to different countries.
C) Most shrines are located at major physical features or sites of longstanding cultural significance.
D) Most of the religious texts are directly related to warfare.
E) People of numerous ethnic groups attend the great majority of religious services.

Question 14

Beliefs concerning the origin of the universe are

A) animism.
B) cosmogony.
C) monotheism.
D) astronomy.
E) polytheism.

Question 15

A person attempting to detect ________ within forests and streams would likely be an animist.

A) physical markings
B) voices or personalities
C) inspiration for beautiful art
D) evidence of past missionary activities
E) inspiration for religious texts

Question 16

Especially important in Confucianism is to

A) perform public service.
B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life.
C) respect forces of nature as divine.
D) believe in one all-powerful God.
E) read the holy texts daily.

Question 17

Especially important in Daoism is to

A) perform public service.
B) reflect on the mystical and magical aspects of life.
C) respect forces of nature as divine.
D) believe in one all-powerful God.
E) read the holy texts daily.

Question 18

A review of the maps in this chapter indicates that in northeastern Canada,

A) nearly all of the people are Catholic.
B) the great majority of the people are Catholic.
C) nearly all of the people are Protestant.
D) the population is almost equally divided between Catholics and Protestants.
E) about three-fourths of the people are Protestant and one-fourth are Catholic.

Question 19

A geographer researching the practices of Tibetan Buddhists as well as the world travels of the Dalai Lama is studying

A) spatial connections in religion.
B) theological connections in religion.
C) monetary connections in religion.
D) connections between Christianity and Buddhism.
E) connections between ethnic and universalizing religions.

Question 20

A review of the world maps in this chapter indicates that in South America,

A) nearly all of the people are Catholic.
B) the great majority of the people are Catholic.
C) nearly all of the people are Protestant.
D) the population is almost equally divided between Catholics and Protestants.
E) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant, one-fourth Catholic, and the remainder practice traditional religions.

Question 21

The dominant branch of Islam in Iran is

A) Medina.
B) Eastern Orthodoxy.
C) Mecca.
D) Sunni.
E) Shiite.

Question 22

-The charts in this chapter indicate that in the world population,

A) about half of the people are nonreligious.
B) there are more Muslims than Hindus.
C) there are more Catholics than Muslims.
D) there are more Muslims than Christians.
E) there are more Buddhists than Hindus.

Question 23

This map indicates that Baptists are clustered in the ________ United States.

A) northeastern
B) southern
C) southwestern
D) upper midwestern
E) northwestern and southern

Question 24

Analysis of this map indicates that in Germany,

A) Catholics are the majority in the north, while Protestants are the majority in the west and southeast.
B) Catholics are the majority in the west and southeast, while Protestants are the majority in the north.
C) The majority are nonreligious in the center and north, while Catholics are the majority in the south.
D) Protestants account for the majority in every region of the country.
E) Catholics are the majority throughout the country.

Question 25

The maps and diagrams in this chapter help us surmise that a person from Minnesota is more likely to be an adherent of

A) the Lutheran church.
B) the Roman Catholic church.
C) a Baptist church.
D) an Eastern Orthodox church.
E) a Methodist church.

Question 26

Analysis of the charts in this chapter indicates that in the world population,

A) more than half of the people are nonreligious.
B) less than one-fifth of the people are non-religious.
C) more than half of the people are Christian.
D) about half of the people are Muslim.
E) about two-thirds of the people are Christian.

Question 27

-The maps in this chapter indicate that in Sub-Saharan Africa,

A) about half of the people are Protestant.
B) about one-fourth of the people are Protestant.
C) about half of the people are Catholic.
D) about one-fourth of the people are animists.
E) about one-fourth of the people are Orthodox Christian.

Question 28

Analysis of this map indicates that in Scotland,

A) Catholics are the majority in the north, while Protestants are the majority in the south.
B) Protestants are the majority.
C) the majority of the people are nonreligious.
D) Protestants account for the majority in the south, while Catholics are the majority in the north and west.
E) the population is roughly divided between Protestants and Catholics.

Question 29

Which is a branch of Christianity?

A) Druze
B) Eastern Orthodox
C) Shiite
D) Theravadist
E) Judaism

Question 30

Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere claim adherence to

A) Christianity.
B) Roman Catholicism.
C) Protestantism.
D) Eastern Orthodoxy.
E) fundamentalist and nondenominational Christian churches.

Question 31

The dominant branch of Islam is

A) Druze.
B) Eastern Orthodoxy.
C) Sikh.
D) Sunni.
E) Shiite.

Question 32

According to this map, the largest group of religious adherents in the U.S. Southwest are

A) Catholics.
B) Baptists.
C) Latter-day Saints.
D) Methodists.
E) Lutherans.

Question 33

Lutheranism is an example of a Christian

A) branch.
B) denomination.
C) religion.
D) sect.
E) family.

Question 34

Examples of ethnic religions include

A) Daoism and Christianity.
B) Daoism, Confucianism, and Judaism.
C) Confucianism, Islam, and Buddhism.
D) Buddhism, Judaism, and Hinduism.
E) Hinduism and Buddhism.

Question 35

Based on the map above, we can surmise that a person from Alabama is more likely to be an adherent of

A) a Baptist church.
B) the Roman Catholic church.
C) an Eastern Orthodox church.
D) Judaism.
E) Islam.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a universalizing religion?

A) Buddhism
B) Sikhism
C) Islam
D) Judaism
E) Christianity

Question 37

When analyzing the maps in this chapter, we can infer that in France,

A) most of the people are Protestant.
B) most of the people are Catholic.
C) about half of the people are Catholic and half are Protestant.
D) about one-fourth of the people are animists.
E) the vast majority of the people are nonreligious.

Question 38

The maps in this chapter indicate that in Australia and the South Pacific,

A) more than half of the people are Protestant.
B) less than half of the people are Protestant.
C) about half of the people are Catholic.
D) about one-fourth of the people are animists.
E) more than half of the people are nonreligious.

Question 39

A relatively small group that has broken away from an established church is a

A) branch.
B) denomination.
C) sect.
D) dialect.
E) family.

Question 40

The world's largest universalizing religion is

A) Buddhism.
B) Christianity.
C) Hinduism.
D) Islam.
E) Shintoism.

Question 41

It is reasonable to surmise that historically, when signs were posted in store windows warning "No Irish Need Apply," the store owner may also have been

A) a Protestant discriminating against Roman Catholic immigrants.
B) a Roman Catholic discriminating against Jewish and Protestant immigrants.
C) a Roman Catholic from Ireland.
D) a nonreligious entrepreneur discriminating against all religious adherents.
E) a Protestant attempting to welcome Roman Catholics but not Jewish immigrants.

Question 42

According to this map, Buddhism diffused initially to

A) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia.
B) South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.
C) Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe.
D) Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia.
E) Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia.

Question 43

Unlike other universalizing religions, Buddhism

A) remained primarily concentrated in one region of the world.
B) was not begun by an individual founder and then diffused elsewhere.
C) was founded in China.
D) worships more than one god.
E) diffused primarily by colonization.

Question 44

Which of the following is currently the most important religion in the homeland of the man who founded it?

A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Shintoism

Question 45

The Julian and Gregorian calendars are

A) designed to celebrate religiously notable events in East Asia.
B) lunar calendars.
C) Christian calendars that are now used as standard calendars in much of the world.
D) Christian calendars that have been replaced by scientific, nonreligious calendars.
E) pre-Christian calendars.

Question 46

Which of the following would we be more likely to classify as a characteristic of an ethnic religion?

A) Priests build temples in cities around the world.
B) Priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands.
C) A religious leader proclaims that you cannot join her church as a full member unless you bring two or three people with you, as converts to her religion.
D) The religious calendar is based largely on seasonal changes in a particular region.
E) The adherents of a church pledge that they will not support warfare in any form.

Question 47

According to this map, the landscape of Quebec is distinguished from neighboring Canadian provinces and the United States partly because it

A) has toponyms from non Indo-European languages.
B) is not predominantly Christian.
C) has numerous religious toponyms.
D) may become part of France again.
E) displays numerous examples of religious tolerance.

Question 48

Which is not an ethnic Asian religion?

A) Buddhism
B) Confucianism
C) Shintoism
D) Daoism
E) Hinduism

Question 49

Hinduism's caste system

A) assigns everyone to a distinct class.
B) decrees the pilgrimages which should be taken.
C) is a substitute for the lack of a holy book.
D) identifies a family's important deities.
E) is the basis for seasonal celebrations.

Question 50

Christianity first diffused from its hearth through

A) contagious diffusion.
B) hierarchical diffusion.
C) relocation diffusion.
D) expansion diffusion.
E) military conquest.

Question 51

According to this map, Islam diffused initially to

A) Southwest Asia, Northeast Asia, and South Asia.
B) Southwest Asia and North Africa.
C) West Africa, Southwest Asia, and Europe.
D) North Africa, Europe, and Southeast Asia.
E) Southeast Asia and Southwest Asia.

Question 52

Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest primarily because of migration of

A) Roman Catholics from Latin America.
B) Roman Catholics from the northeastern United States.
C) Roman Catholics from Ireland.
D) Protestants to the north.
E) Protestants to the east.

Question 53

Judaism is classified as an ethnic rather than a universalizing religion, partly because

A) its main holidays relate to events in the life of its founder, Abraham.
B) it uses a standard solar calendar rather than a lunar calendar.
C) its rituals derive from the agricultural cycle in Israel.
D) it commemorates the Exodus from Egypt.
E) the holy text is the foundation of the religion.

Question 54

Followers of which religious branch do not trace their origin to Abraham?

A) Eastern Orthodox
B) Mahayana
C) Shiite
D) Sunni
E) Judaism

Question 55

Given Muslim perspectives on sacred spaces in the Middle East, politicians in the region have been wary of inviting further religious-fueled conflict by proclaiming

A) the West Bank a Palestinian-controlled area.
B) Jerusalem to be a holy city for three major religions.
C) that groups of Christians and Jews will not start touring Mecca and Medina.
D) that groups of Christians and Jews will tour Jerusalem.
E) Jerusalem the capital of Israel.

Question 56

Some of the violence linked to religion in Israel and Palestine is also linked to

A) the immigration of Tibetan Buddhists into the area.
B) the ordination of women as leaders in some Protestant Christian denominations.
C) the existence of Mecca and Medina.
D) a belief in the equitable sharing of resources regardless of religious affiliation.
E) ethnic groups, resources, and disputes over the control of land.

Question 57

The agricultural calendar is relatively unimportant to which type of religions?

A) animist
B) ethnic
C) traditional
D) universalizing
E) Judaism, Shintoism, and Daoism

Question 58

Which of the following would be more characteristic of a universalizing religion?

A) Several priests build temples at the tops of the world's highest volcanoes.
B) Several priests travel across the world to establish missions on remote islands.
C) A religious leader proclaims that you cannot join her church unless your mother was previously a member of that church.
D) Priests follow a calendar of religious services based largely on seasonal changes.
E) Priests and adherents of a particular church pledge that they will not support warfare in any form.

Question 59

Both universalizing and ethnic religions

A) appeal primarily to one group of people living in one place.
B) can diffuse to different populations around the world.
C) attempt to be global and appeal to all people.
D) can be expressed as Christianity and Islam.
E) arose from changes in the physical environment.

Question 60

An ethnic religion is

A) based on only one language.
B) appealing mostly to one group of people in one place.
C) based on belief in one particular spiritual leader.
D) younger than a universalizing religion.
E) more peaceful than a universalizing religion.

Question 61

Given the geographic perspectives on religion that are discussed in this chapter, we might hypothesize in addition that victorious Spanish soldiers in 1492 were partly motivated by

A) a fanatical "holy war" mentality and their Roman Catholic faith.
B) a fanatical "holy war" mentality and their Protestant faith.
C) a peaceful vision of their Roman Catholic faith.
D) a nonreligious view of the world.
E) a fanatical "holy war" mentality that they learned from Muslims, Jews, and Eastern Orthodox Christians.

Question 62

The United Nations partition plan dividing Palestine placed Jerusalem under

A) a British Mandate.
B) Palestinian administration.
C) Israeli administration.
D) divided administration.
E) United Nations administration.

Question 63

Palestinians include all but which of the following groups?

A) residents of refugee camps
B) residents of territories occupied by Israel
C) citizens of other states calling themselves Palestinians
D) Jewish citizens of Israel
E) Muslim citizens of Israel

Question 64

The exiled spiritual leader of Tibet is the

A) Dalai Buddha.
B) Kublai Khan.
C) Panchen Buddha.
D) Dalai Lama.
E) Buddha.

Question 65

It is reasonable to hypothesize that during the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) when some Irish soldiers deserted from the U.S. Army to join the Mexican Army instead, most were at least partly motivated by

A) feelings of loyalty toward fellow Roman Catholics.
B) feelings of loyalty toward fellow Protestant immigrants.
C) feelings of loyalty toward nonreligious immigrants.
D) anti-war philosophies prevalent in the Protestantism of the time.
E) the commands of Protestant church leaders.

Question 66

The concept of a ghetto originally referred to the area of a city

A) inside the walls.
B) inhabited by the lowest-income people.
C) where Jews were forced to live.
D) where most blacks lived.
E) where the untouchable caste lived.

Question 67

Which is NOT a characteristic of a hierarchical religion?

A) It has a well-defined hierarchical structure.
B) It encourages each congregation to be self-sufficient.
C) It organizes territory into local administrative units.
D) It fosters interaction among different congregations.
E) Regional administration is located in large cities.

Question 68

What policy did the British follow in India?

A) They divided India into three countries.
B) They forced all of the Hindus to migrate.
C) They turned the problem over to the United Nations.
D) They encouraged the abolition of the caste system.
E) They required all education to be conducted in English.

Question 69

Which of these penalties were imposed by the Taliban in Afghanistan?

A) Men were beaten for shaving their beards.
B) Homosexuals were buried alive.
C) Prostitutes were hanged in public, and men were stoned for committing adultery.
D) Thieves' hands were cut off, and women with nail polish had their fingers cut off.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 70

Protestants in Ireland are

A) dispersed throughout the island.
B) recent immigrants from Great Britain.
C) highly clustered in one part of the island.
D) highly integrated with the Roman Catholic population.
E) ethnically English and not ethnically Irish.

Question 71

Which of the following religions is also part of a territorial concern for the Chinese government?

A) Judaism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Buddhism

Question 72

Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly difficult religious conflict to resolve because

A) sacred sites to Jews and Muslims are literally built on top of one another.
B) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on either side.
C) the Israeli government has separated the most sacred sites with a massive concrete wall.
D) Israel captured the Sinai peninsula from Egypt.
E) few Muslims and Jews are allowed within the city.

Question 73

Cremation is more important than burial in which religion?

A) Buddhism
B) Christianity
C) Hinduism
D) Islam
E) Judaism

Question 74

From the Russian Revolution to the fall of the Soviet communist government, what was the policy of the government towards religion?

A) All churches were closed.
B) The old church was replaced by Eastern Orthodoxy.
C) Churches remained open but played a limited role.
D) Youth were encouraged to attend so that they could be indoctrinated into communism.
E) Nearly all marriages were performed by clergy.

Question 75

Which of the following best describes the situation of religion in Tibet?

A) Only a few practice Buddhism; the majority observe Confucianism.
B) Tibetan leaders have a high degree of local control over the policies of their province.
C) The population has become almost entirely atheist since the Chinese invasion.
D) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government discourages observance.
E) Freedom of religion is protected by provincial law.

Question 76

The barrier between Israel and the West Bank

A) has been ruled as illegal by both Israeli and international courts but is supported by other elements of the Israeli government.
B) is welcomed by both sides within the Palestinian and Israeli governments, regardless of their political affiliations.
C) represents the natural landscape feature of the Jordan River as described in early religious texts.
D) follows the previous border between Israel and Jordan.
E) has established peace in the Middle East.

Question 77

The goal of the majority of people living in Northern Ireland is to

A) remain part of the United Kingdom.
B) migrate to the Republic of Ireland.
C) become part of the Republic of Ireland.
D) join the Irish Republican Army.
E) establish an independent republic.

Question 78

For most of the past 2,000 years, most Jews have been

A) highly clustered in present-day Israel.
B) dispersed around the world.
C) concentrated in the United States.
D) forced to live in ghettos.
E) nomads herding sheep.

Question 79

The example of Jerusalem indicates that in regards to the geographic landscape,

A) sacred sites may be equally important to universalizing and ethnic religions.
B) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim populations on either side.
C) the sacred sites for universalizing religions do not overlap with the sacred sites of ethnic religions.
D) there is almost always a clear distinction between the uses of sacred spaces by both ethnic and universalizing religions.
E) Islam and Christianity are not good examples of universalizing religions.

Question 80

Given the Soviet Union's policies toward religion discussed in this chapter, a historian could hypothesize that in the United States, Cold War opposition to the Soviet Union was accompanied by a heightened

A) emphasis on religion as an area in which the United States was deficient.
B) emphasis in nonreligious policies and programs.
C) emphasis on religion as a weapon against "Godless communism."
D) disregard for religious practices in Christian churches.
E) concern for scientific practices rather than religious practices.