Deck 9: The New Nation Takes Form 1789-1800

Question 1

How did Washington respond to Hamilton's idea for the Bank of the United States?

A) Following Jefferson's advice,he rejected the plan outright.
B) He forced Hamilton to revise his plan.
C) He gave the bank a twenty-year charter.
D) He signed the bank into law with a permanent charter.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Why did Alexander Hamilton advocate for rolling old certificates of debt into new government bonds?

A) Bonds would infuse money into the economy.
B) The plan would lessen the actual amount of debt owed.
C) He hoped to limit speculator profits.
D) The plan would delay paying the debt far into the future.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to Benjamin Rush and other republican writers,how could women contribute to a better society?

A) By teaching sons virtue and good morals
B) By entering the paid workforce
C) By volunteering for church activities
D) By advising their husbands on political matters

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Why was George Washington quickly and unanimously elected president in February 1789?

A) He had demonstrated his brilliant intellect.
B) Many Americans shared his commitment to religious values.
C) He expressed his devotion to egalitarian and democratic values.
D) He personified the republican ideal of leadership.

Question 5

Who did Washington choose to be his secretary of the treasury?

A) Henry Knox
B) Thomas Jefferson
C) James Madison
D) Alexander Hamilton

Question 6

In response to promises that had been made in order to obtain ratification of the Constitution,James Madison drew up the

A) Bill of Rights.
B) Judiciary Act of 1789.
C) Whiskey Bill.
D) Fugitive Slave Act.

Question 7

How did Washington conduct himself once in office?

A) He maintained an open door and welcomed all guests.
B) He used his charisma to win political battles.
C) He encouraged pomp and ceremony to create respect.
D) He refused to meet with distinguished women.

Question 8

Why did James Madison eventually restrain his opposition to Hamilton's debt package?

A) Hamilton promised to back the building of a new capital city on the Potomac River.
B) Hamilton convinced Madison that debt was healthy and would benefit the economy.
C) Thomas Jefferson convinced Madison that Hamilton had the correct idea.
D) George Washington intervened on Hamilton's behalf.

Question 9

Thomas Jefferson advised Washington that the Constitution prohibited which of Hamilton's economic programs?

A) The chartering of banks by Congress
B) Federal assumption of state debts
C) The placement of an excise tax on whiskey
D) The passage of protective tariffs

Question 10

The Ninth and Tenth amendments to the Constitution dealt with which of the following?

A) Individual liberties
B) Western settlement
C) The issue of slavery
D) Federal and state authority

Question 11

What effect did the founding of the new nation have on traditional gender relations?

A) They were briefly reversed because the war spared more women than men.
B) Traditional gender relations remained largely unaltered from the norm.
C) They shifted as women abandoned domestic duties for a new role in politics.
D) Roles changed in light of republican beliefs about equality of men and women.

Question 12

Why did American cotton production experience a boom in the late 1790s?

A) Northern farmers turned to growing cotton over wheat.
B) The improved canal system made transportation easier.
C) The invention of the cotton gin allowed greater production.
D) Wheat prices decreased dramatically on the export market.

Question 13

Why did critics oppose the federal government's assuming the states' old Revolutionary War debt?

A) The federal government planned to charge a hefty service fee.
B) The government was only going to assume the debt,not pay it.
C) Such action could subordinate the states to federal power.
D) State governments earned their revenue through debt repayment.

Question 14

Significantly,no one complained about the Bill of Rights failing to protect

A) religious freedom.
B) the right to vote.
C) the right to bear arms.
D) freedom of speech.

Question 15

Which factor contributed to a rift between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson during the 1790s?

A) Jefferson supported policies that favored financiers at the expense of small farmers.
B) Hamilton believed government was safest when in the hands of the commercial elite.
C) Jefferson emphasized manufacturing development and raising taxes.
D) Hamilton opposed a strong federal government in deference to the power of the states.

Question 16

What 1792 event stimulated road building?

A) An economic recession that required new sources of jobs.
B) The U.S.Post Office was established.
C) The federal government built the first public toll road.
D) The nation's capital moved to Washington,D.C.

Question 17

To restore faith in the credit of the federal government,Alexander Hamilton proposed

A) the issuance of paper currency backed by gold and silver.
B) measures to reduce or prevent private speculation in public securities.
C) a plan to eliminate debt and thus the nation's reliance on credit.
D) the assumption of the states' unpaid war debts by the federal government.

Question 18

What happened to the U.S.population from 1790 to 1800?

A) It decreased as Americans had fewer children.
B) It increased by more than a third owing to good food and land resources.
C) It held steady owing to the closing of the slave trade.
D) It more than doubled as a result of an influx of new immigrants from Europe.

Question 19

What was the purpose of the moderate tariff that Hamilton proposed in his Report on Manufactures?

A) To raise all the funds the federal government needed to operate
B) To increase the price of products manufactured in America
C) To punish the British for their discriminatory tariffs
D) To encourage the production of American-made goods

Question 20

Before the federal government settled into its permanent home in Washington,D.C. ,the nation's capital had most recently been located in

A) Baltimore.
B) New York City.
C) Boston.
D) Philadelphia.

Question 21

What happened to the two men convicted of treason during the Whiskey Rebellion?

A) They were executed.
B) Washington pardoned them.
C) Hamilton defended them.
D) They were deported.

Question 22

What struck the artist John Trumbull about the Creek Indians he encountered?

A) Their inability to behave according to European standards
B) Their dignity
C) Their warmth toward white men
D) Their warlike behavior

Question 23

Why did most Americans oppose the Jay Treaty?

A) It reimbursed slave owners for lost property.
B) It forced American planters to repay debts to the British.
C) It forced the British to abandon frontier forts immediately.
D) It gave the French major leverage in the American fur trade.

Question 24

Who were the gens de coleur who demanded political rights in Haiti?

A) Mixed-race property owners
B) Slaves
C) Whites of French descent
D) Whites of British descent

Question 25

"[I]f any persons shall unlawfully combine or conspire together,with intent to oppose any measure or measures of the government of the United States ... ,or to intimidate or prevent any person holding ...office in or under the government of the United States,from undertaking,performing or executing his trust or duty,and if any person or persons,with intent as aforesaid,shall counsel,advise or attempt to procure any insurrection,riot,unlawful assembly... ,he or they shall be deemed guilty of a high misdemeanor,and on conviction ...shall be punished by a fine not exceeding five thousand dollars,and by imprisonment during a term not less than six months nor exceeding five years...." The Sedition Act intended to protect whom or what against negative speech and writing?

A) The U.S.government
B) Only the president
C) Any ally of the United States
D) The U.S.Constitution

Question 26

In the late 1790s,members of the Republican party tended to

A) emphasize commercial interests.
B) root for liberty in France.
C) support Britain in foreign policy issues.
D) call for a stronger federal government.

Question 27

What happened when General Anthony St.Clair led troops into Indian territory in the fall of 1791?

A) He cleared the area around the Wabash River for American settlement.
B) His army fell to defeat after a surprise attack by Indians at the Wabash River.
C) He convinced Little Turtle and Blue Jacket to sign a land cessation treaty.
D) His men deserted him,and he retreated to Fort Washington.

Question 28

In the 1796 presidential election,opponents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

A) ran on the same party ticket.
B) had very similar political outlooks.
C) pledged to disband the Electoral College.
D) ended up as president and vice president.

Question 29

Congress rejected which of Hamilton's economic programs?

A) The funding of bondholders
B) The assumption of state debts
C) The import tariff
D) The national bank

Question 30

What was President Washington's first reaction to the war between England and France that began in 1793?

A) He pledged American support for the French.
B) He pledged American support for the British.
C) He tried to negotiate peace between the two countries.
D) He issued a proclamation of neutrality.

Question 31

Which item offered to the Indians under the Treaty of Greenville devastated many tribes?

A) Guns
B) Farming equipment
C) Liquor
D) Contaminated food

Question 32

To meet the interest payments on the national debt under his consolidation plan,Hamilton convinced Congress to pass

A) an excise tax on whiskey.
B) an increased import duty.
C) an export duty on tobacco.
D) anti-smuggling legislation.

Question 33

Who participated in the Whiskey Rebellion?

A) Federalist merchants
B) City workers
C) Tavern keepers
D) Grain farmers

Question 34

Why is it striking that the painting of the Treaty of Greenville features an Indian appearing to dictate terms to white Americans?

A) Because Indians and white men did not speak the same language,so they would not have been able to verbally communicate
B) Because the white Americans would never have taken direction from an Indian
C) Because women always handled political negotiations in native cultures
D) Because in reality,the terms of the treaty were mostly favorable to the United States rather than to native groups

Question 35

Which of the following describes the U.S.government's early policy toward Indians in the Northwest Territory?

A) Displace the Indians and clear the way for permanent settlements in Ohio
B) Obtain their lands with bona fide treaties signed by authorized chiefs
C) Attempt to exterminate Indian tribes through brutal wars of attrition
D) Leave them alone and hope American settlers could get along with them

Question 36

How did the Haitian Revolution of 1791-1804 affect white Americans?

A) White Americans wanted to send American militia to help put down the rebellion.
B) White Americans paid little to no attention to the rebellion.
C) White Americans became fearful that the rebellion might spread to American shores.
D) White Americans expressed sympathy for Haitian slaves.

Question 37

How did most Americans react to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789?

A) They feared the radicalism of the French Revolution.
B) They celebrated the victory of the French people.
C) They assumed that the United States would get involved.
D) Most women came out in opposition to the French Revolution.

Question 38

In 1794,General Anthony Wayne's defeat of the Indians at Fallen Timbers resulted in

A) the Treaty of Fallen Timbers.
B) escalated fighting in the Northwest Territory.
C) the Treaty of Greenville.
D) the Indians ceding all of their tribal lands.

Question 39

How did President Washington respond to the Whiskey Rebellion?

A) He suggested that Congress repeal the tax.
B) He demanded that the governor of Pennsylvania enforce the national law.
C) He nationalized the Pennsylvania militia.
D) He waited until the rebellion died down before acting.

Question 40

Which American statesman publicly opposed the French Revolution?

A) John Adams
B) Benjamin Franklin
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) George Washington

Question 41

What were the differences between the Federalists and the Republicans in 1800?

Question 42

What was the purpose of the Sedition Act of 1798?

A) To protect French citizens living in the United States
B) To punish revolt and conspiracy
C) To protect freedom of speech during wartime
D) To increase the manpower of the American military

Question 43

What was the intent of the two Alien Acts passed by Congress?

A) To jail newly arrived French persons
B) To confiscate the property of French Americans
C) To harass French immigrants already in the United States
D) To discourage all immigration to the United States

Question 44

How did republican ideology give women civic responsibility and political importance even though they could not vote or hold public office?

Question 45

What was the Jay Treaty,and why were Americans generally opposed to it?

Question 46

Briefly describe the economic changes taking place in America in the 1790s owing to developments in agriculture and transportation.

Question 47

"RESOLVED ...That this assembly most solemnly declares a warm attachment to the Union of the States,to maintain which it pledges all its powers;and that for this end,it is their duty to watch over and oppose every infraction of those principles which constitute the only basis of that Union,because a faithful observance of them,can alone secure its existence and the public happiness.... That the General Assembly doth particularly protest against the palpable and alarming infractions of the Constitution,in the two late cases of the "Alien and Sedition Acts" ... ;the first of which exercises a power no where delegated to the federal government ... ;and the other ...exercises in like manner,a power not delegated by the constitution,but on the contrary,expressly and positively forbidden by one of the amendments thereto...."
Why did James Madison begin the 1798 Virginia Resolution (Document 4)with this phrase: "That this assembly most solemnly declares a warm attachment to the Union of the States"?

A) To introduce his support of the Alien and Sedition Acts as a matter of patriotism
B) To make clear that Virginia's denunciation of the acts was not the result of anti-unionism
C) To undermine the power of the president
D) To imply that all states should agree with the president under any circumstances because he is the leader of the United States

Question 48

X,Y,and Z were the code names for which of the following?

A) Three American diplomats sent to France to avert war
B) Three French agents sent to meet with American commissioners
C) Secret American agents sent to England to prepare for war
D) English spies located in France to gather intelligence

Question 49

What happened after President Adams arranged a negotiated end to the Quasi-War in 1799?

A) Adams ensured his bid for reelection.
B) The French revolted and ignored the agreement.
C) The fighting in Europe continued for years.
D) Adams lost a significant part of his party's support.

Question 50

Republicans used the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions to

A) call for the impeachment of President Adams.
B) oppose the Alien and Sedition Acts using state legislatures.
C) protect those indicted of seditious acts.
D) offer support for the Sedition Act but not the Alien Acts.

Question 51

What did Jefferson suggest in his inaugural address?

A) Federal power should always trump state power.
B) Party politics was not the most important thing in American democracy.
C) The Federalists were finished as a viable party in American politics.
D) The Republicans would undo all Federalist policies.

Question 52

How was news of the Haitian Revolution received by most white Americans?

Question 53

How did the United States react to the XYZ affair?

A) President Adams chose to submit to Talleyrand's demands.
B) Congress demanded that France abide by previous treaty agreements.
C) President Adams called for a boycott on trade with France.
D) Congress launched an undeclared war with France.

Question 54

How did President Adams attempt to avert a war with France in the fall of 1797?

A) He sent three men to negotiate peace with France.
B) He called for full-scale military preparedness to scare the French.
C) He advised American privateers to cease shipping to England.
D) He called for a boycott of English goods.

Question 55

In what way can the Whiskey Rebellion be viewed as more significant than merely a revolt by disgruntled farmers against paying a tax?

Question 56

What problems plagued John Adams during his one-term presidency?

Question 57

What were the terms of the Treaty of Greenville,and what were its long-term effects on the Indians?

Question 58

What problems confronted Alexander Hamilton when he first took the office of secretary of the treasury?

Question 59

How was the issue of a federal Bill of Rights resolved in 1789?

Question 60

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions tested which novel idea?

A) States could nullify laws that infringe on liberties as defined in the Bill of Rights.
B) The federal government could overturn state laws in violation of the Constitution.
C) Adams and the Federalists had conducted an illegal war with France.
D) The federal government could deport prisoners without trial only during times of war.

Question 61

Were the Alien and Sedition Acts constitutional? If you believe they were not,justify your answer using evidence from the Bill of Rights.

Question 62

While dealing with extensive Indian troubles and European wars,Americans were also fascinated by the bloody conflict to the south in the 1790s.Discuss the Haitian Revolution and its effects on American society.

Question 63

In the 1790s,America had conflicts with both England and France.Include specific examples to explain how Presidents Washington and Adams each handled these situations as they arose.

Question 64

Describe in detail the Indian policy of George Washington's administration.Include conflicts and their outcomes and solutions for both the U.S.government and the Indians.

Question 65

Discuss Alexander Hamilton's three-part economic program for the new federal government and the success of each of the three components.