Deck 4: The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century 1601-1700

Question 1

Most Puritans who settled Massachusetts Bay colony were either farmers or

A) tradesmen.
B) merchants.
C) nobles.
D) landed gentry.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How did the English monarchs James I and Charles I react to the ideas of Puritan reformers?

A) Both embraced strict Catholicism.
B) Both worked with Parliament to ease religious tensions.
C) Both struggled to implement Protestant reforms.
D) Both enforced conformity to the Church of England.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Why was the town meeting significant in seventeenth-century New England?

A) Its popular political participation was unprecedented during the seventeenth century.
B) Meetings allowed men to gather for militia drills and a day of community revelry.
C) The town meeting provided a venue for Puritans to question religious doctrine.
D) It allowed women and blacks to contribute to important political decisions.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The Puritans,who described themselves as Separatists,believed that

A) the Church of England was corrupt beyond redemption.
B) they could wait out the reign of King Charles in England.
C) the Bible required separate religious services for men and women.
D) the only way to live according to the Bible was to stay in Europe.

Question 5

Who argued that the Puritans should be "a city upon a hill" that would inspire the rest of the world?

A) Charles I
B) John Winthrop
C) English Parliament
D) William Bradford

Question 6

Unlike most other immigrant groups in American history,the migration to Puritan New England included

A) a mostly unhealthy population.
B) a great number of complete families.
C) mostly women and children.
D) a high proportion of servants and slaves.

Question 7

Why was the charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company unique?

A) It allowed women investors to vote in the concerns of the colony.
B) It allowed the government of the company to be located in the colony.
C) It obligated the crown to reimburse investors for any financial losses.
D) It encouraged Puritans to abandon the traditional English class structure.

Question 8

According to the Puritan doctrine of predestination,how could one achieve salvation after death?

A) Puritans could do nothing to alter God's ruling on their fate.
B) Salvation was guaranteed through God's love for humankind.
C) Puritans who prayed daily and worked hard were eligible for salvation.
D) Wealth,success,and good health led to salvation.

Question 9

Which statement characterizes Puritan communities in the first half of the seventeenth century?

A) Strict gender segregation in worship
B) A high degree of religious conformity
C) Permissive social values
D) Absolute commitment to Puritanism

Question 10

Why did Puritans keep churches out of the civil government of New England?

A) They wanted to ensure that minor religions retained their autonomy.
B) Puritans did not want to emulate the Church of England.
C) They held that religious beliefs should never influence government.
D) Puritans did not believe religious men would make good leaders.

Question 11

What does the seal of the Massachusetts Bay colony tell us about English attitudes toward Native Americans?

A) They respected them and treated them as equals.
B) They saw them as enemies.
C) They saw them as in need of help and guidance from the English.
D) They denied their existence entirely.

Question 12

Which colony attracted dissenters through the protection of "Liberty of Conscience"?

A) Rhode Island
B) Connecticut
C) Massachusetts
D) Maryland

Question 13

Why did Roger Williams turn down the opportunity to become a minister at John Winthrop's Boston church?

A) He believed that Winthrop was jealous of his popularity in the city.
B) He resented that the church had not openly rejected the Church of England.
C) Winthrop offered him a lower position in the church hierarchy than he desired.
D) He maintained loyalty to the Church of England.

Question 14

Which statement characterizes sixteenth-century English Puritanism?

A) It was a well-organized,centrally administered religious reform movement.
B) Followers sought to restore Catholicism as the national religion of England.
C) Followers called for increased influence of the clergy in the lives of parishioners.
D) Puritans wanted to rid the Church of England of many features of Catholicism.

Question 15

What was the goal of the Puritans who founded Massachusetts Bay colony?

A) To emphasize individual interests
B) To make a profit for the crown
C) To kill Indian enemies
D) To reform the Church of England

Question 16

After having spent a great deal of time with Native Americans,Roger Williams believed that

A) all Indians should be converted to the Puritan faith.
B) English settlers had a legal right to take Indian-held land.
C) English colonists should respect the Indians' culture.
D) Indian religion was evil and blasphemous.

Question 17

How did King Henry VIII respond to the Protestant Reformation?

A) He emphasized his Catholic faith.
B) He made himself the head of the Church of England.
C) Henry organized a large army to march on the Vatican.
D) He ended religious disputes and unrest in England.

Question 18

How did Puritans react when King Charles I dissolved Parliament in 1629?

A) They celebrated the fact that Parliament could no longer vote against their religion.
B) They believed that the king had used his royal prerogatives to favor their faith.
C) Most saw this as the first positive sign that church and state were to be separated.
D) They prepared to leave England because they had lost their political voice.

Question 19

New England Puritanism owed its religious roots to the

A) schism between the Roman and Byzantine churches.
B) new Catholic doctrines of the fifteenth century.
C) Protestant Reformation of the early sixteenth century.
D) religious scriptures of the Mayflower Compact.

Question 20

"[A]nd this by the testimony of vile varlets,as not only were known before,but have been further apparent since,by their manifest lives,whoredoms,incest &c.The accusations of these,from their spectral sight,being the chief evidence against those that suffered;in which accusations they were upheld by both magistrates and ministers,so long as they apprehended themselves in no danger.And then,tho' they could defend neither the doctrine nor the practice,yet none of them have in such a publick manner as the case requires,testified against either;tho',at the same time they could not but be sensible what a stain and lasting infamy they have brought upon the whole country,to the indangering of the future welfare not only of this but of other places,induced by their example ...occasioning the great dishonour and blasphemy of the name of God ...and as a natural effect thereof,to the great increase of Atheism." Whom did the author refer to as "vile varlets"?

A) Indians
B) Accused witches
C) Those who accused witches
D) The Spanish

Question 21

What was seventeenth-century New England's biggest export?

A) Rice
B) Fish
C) Tobacco
D) Cotton

Question 22

The official Indian policy in seventeenth-century Pennsylvania

A) was similar to Indian policies of the Virginia colony.
B) allowed the Indians keep their lands if they became Quakers.
C) was harsher then the policies in the other English colonies.
D) instructed agents to respect the land claims of nearby tribes.

Question 23

During most of the seventeenth century,New Netherland was

A) an English colony based on tobacco farming.
B) centered around present-day Philadelphia.
C) under the control of the Dutch.
D) the fastest-growing colony in the New World.

Question 24

What problem did the Halfway Covenant address?

A) A labor glut
B) Declining church membership
C) Economic stagnation
D) Women's political status

Question 25

Who left Massachusetts for Connecticut in 1636 after clashing with church leaders over the requirements for church membership?

A) William Pynchon
B) John Winthrop
C) John Cotton
D) Thomas Hooker

Question 26

By the 1680s,New England's religious consensus had weakened to the point that

A) most people now called themselves Calvinists rather than Puritans.
B) some towns closed all their churches after they ran out of money.
C) only 15 percent of adult males were church members in some towns.
D) Puritan leaders repealed statutes making church attendance compulsory.

Question 27

The majority of accused witches came from which segment of the population?

A) Older women
B) Younger women
C) Older men
D) Slave women

Question 28

How did Puritans view Quakers?

A) As welcome members of New England communities
B) As dangerous to the Puritan faith and social order
C) As wrongly persecuted fellow Christians
D) As valuable trading partners in their communities

Question 29

What major change occurred in New Netherland in 1664?

A) The colony formed a representative government.
B) Dutch colonists overthrew Peter Stuyvesant.
C) England purchased the colony from the Dutch.
D) New Netherland became New York.

Question 30

Which factor contributed to Charles II's making William Penn the proprietor of a new colony?

A) Charles II wanted to spread the system of Quaker beliefs.
B) Charles II wanted to keep Penn quiet about political corruption.
C) Charles II hoped to rid England of Quakers.
D) Charles II wanted to prove his religious tolerance.

Question 31

Which factor allowed New England's population to continue to grow steadily during the seventeenth century?

A) The continuing flood of immigrants from England.
B) An influx of settlers from colonies farther south.
C) A new source of immigrants from continental Europe.
D) The cold weather minimized the spread of life-threatening illnesses.

Question 32

In the 1673 painting of New Amsterdam,why might the Dutch artists have portrayed native people as more similar to Africans than to other Indians?

A) Because the inhabitants on the island were of African descent
B) To emphasize the exotic otherness of the native people
C) Because the artist had never seen Indians and did not know what they looked like
D) Because according to Dutch art conventions,all non-Dutch people were painted alike

Question 33

What was William Penn's goal for his new colony?

A) To establish a genuinely Quaker colony in the Americas
B) To drive devout Quakers from the English colonies
C) To oust the Indians from the area that became Pennsylvania
D) To create a colony that banned all religious practices

Question 34

What did members of the Society of Friends,or Quakers,believe?

A) God spoke to each individual through an "inner light."
B) Only a few individuals could interpret God's voice.
C) Each human being was his or her own "god."
D) The Bible was necessary to discover God's word.

Question 35

Who served as leaders of Quaker congregations?

A) Ordinary men and women
B) Elite men
C) Trained preachers
D) Visible saints

Question 36

John Winthrop referred to Anne Hutchinson and her followers as antinomians,people who believed that

A) God did not exist.
B) Christians could be saved by faith alone.
C) local religious leaders best understood God's law.
D) the covenant of works was more important than the covenant of grace.

Question 37

Why did the English continue the Dutch policy of religious toleration in seventeenth-century New York?

A) King Charles II's liberal religious views influenced the policies there.
B) England wanted to advertise its own new policy of religious toleration.
C) The diversity of the population prevented them from imposing a uniform religion.
D) The colonists agreed to provide extra recruits for the English army.

Question 38

How did the Boston church punish Anne Hutchinson?

A) Execution
B) Probation
C) Excommunication
D) A heavy fine

Question 39

What happened to Puritans in England during the mid-seventeenth century?

A) They disappeared as a religious group.
B) They adopted some elements of Catholicism.
C) They planned an attack on continental Europe.
D) They ruled the nation from 1649 to 1660.

Question 40

Compared to the colonies to the north and south,the population of New Netherland was

A) diverse.
B) homogeneous.
C) large.
D) transient.

Question 41

The Navigation Acts of 1650,1651,and 1660 regulated trade in the English colonies.Describe the two basic stipulations of these acts,and identify a major colonial product that was affected by these acts.

Question 42

Many different groups settled in England's North American colonies.Provide at least three reasons why various English monarchs supported establishing these colonies.

Question 43

Why did the Wampanoag Indians attack New England settlements in 1675?

A) A longstanding feud over the kidnapping of a Puritan woman finally erupted into warfare.
B) The Indians were tired of the Puritans violently trying to convert them to Christianity.
C) A new Wampanoag spiritual leader commanded the Indians to drive the whites from their homeland.
D) New Englanders had been steadily encroaching on land the Indians needed to survive.

Question 44

In 1686,England created the Dominion of New England,a new government consolidation that

A) placed all northern colonies under the rule of a local council located in Boston.
B) invalidated all colonial charters in the region except the one held by Massachusetts.
C) relocated part of Parliament to America to represent colonists more effectively.
D) placed all colonies north of Maryland under more direct control by England.

Question 45

Compare the colony at Massachusetts Bay with that founded at Chesapeake Bay.

Question 46

Briefly describe the cause and results of King Philip's War.

Question 47

In 1688,the Glorious Revolution in England influenced American colonists to

A) rise up against royal authority in the northern colonies.
B) pledge new support for the Dominion of New England.
C) show their support for the religious convictions of King James II.
D) organize military groups to help overthrow William of Orange.

Question 48

The Navigation Acts of the 1650s and 1660s were designed to regulate colonial trade in order to

A) line the pockets of those sitting in the House of Lords.
B) yield revenues for the crown and English merchants.
C) tax the exports of New England and the middle colonies.
D) ensure that all nations had equal access to American goods.

Question 49

The Quakers found themselves in conflict with the English government and Puritans in America.Briefly list the basic tenets of the Quaker concept of God and the manner in which these tenets shaped their approach to worship.Include a sentence that states how this conflicted with Puritan beliefs.

Question 50

What consequence did religious toleration in Quaker-dominated Pennsylvania have for colonists?

A) They did not have to put up with Catholics.
B) They could attend any church as long as they worshiped every week.
C) They did not have to pay taxes to maintain a state-supported church.
D) They tended to be less religious than in other colonies.

Question 51

Provide historical evidence to support the following statement: By the end of the seventeenth century in New England,the zeal of Puritanism had cooled.

Question 52

What characterized colonial commerce by the end of the seventeenth century?

A) An increasing independence from its former ties with the British Empire
B) Stagnation due to strict importation policies imposed by the crown
C) Strong ties to England because of royal supervision of merchants and shippers
D) A status of equality with England due to cooperation on trade matters

Question 53

Discuss why the Pilgrims traveled to America and what happened once they arrived.

Question 54

What did King William's War,an attack by Great Lakes and Canadian French forces on villages in New England and New York,demonstrate to American colonists?

A) They needed to populate the western territory to drive out the French.
B) The French were not committed to their New World possessions.
C) English military protection from hostile neighbors was still valuable.
D) American colonists could hold their own in military matters.

Question 55

Modern-day speechwriters,including those of presidents Ronald Reagan and George Herbert Walker Bush,have evoked the metaphor of "a shining city upon a hill." Students of seventeenth-century American history recognize the origins of this phrase in one of the most famous sermons in American history,delivered to Puritans aboard the ship Arbella.Who delivered this sermon,and what point did he want to make by using the phrase "city upon a hill"?

Question 56

King Philip's War (1676)left New England settlers with

A) no more debt.
B) the task of rebuilding Boston.
C) an enduring hatred of Indians.
D) wealth from captured land.

Question 57

When Massachusetts became a royal colony in 1691,a new charter changed the qualification for voting in colony-wide elections.What were the qualifications for voting before 1691? What were the qualifications for voting after 1691? What did this change signify?

Question 58

Which cultural and religious groups populated the middle colonies? How did this diversity influence the development of these colonies?

Question 59

James II was a zealous supporter of which religion?

A) Puritanism
B) Protestantism
C) Catholicism
D) Quakerism

Question 60

What became the defining characteristic of Massachusetts citizenship after it became a royal colony in 1691?

A) Wealth
B) Ties of nobility
C) Familial connections
D) Divine grace

Question 61

Within twenty years of its founding,Philadelphia,the capital city of the colony of Pennsylvania,became one of the most important centers of commerce in British North America.Evaluate the role played by William Penn in the evolution of Pennsylvania from a "holy experiment" into a prosperous North American colony.

Question 62

The Dutch colonial outpost of New Netherland contrasted significantly with the English colonies of New England.Compare the origins,social environment,and governmental structure of New Netherland to that of the Puritan colonies.

Question 63

The Puritan faith community shaped the New England colonies in virtually every way during much of the seventeenth century.Discuss the ideas and religious principles that characterized Puritanism,and explore the significant differences between the Separatists led by William Bradford,who founded Plymouth colony,and the group of Puritans led by John Winthrop,who founded Massachusetts Bay colony.

Question 64

Although Puritan settlements at the end of the seventeenth century maintained a distinctive culture and religion,changes throughout the century had led to splintered religious orthodoxy and weakened fervor.(a)Discuss the original Puritan zeal and political expectations.(b)Give examples of minority voices within the community and the consequences of speaking out against prevailing thought.(c)Explain the factors that led to the cooling of the founders' "red-hot piety."

Question 65

The English Reformation,in the short run,allowed Henry VIII to achieve one of his political goals.In the long run,however,it fostered certain kinds of problems that he had hoped to avoid.Discuss Henry VIII's political responses to the Protestant Reformation taking place in Europe,identify the political goals that guided his responses,and describe the long-term results of his actions.