Deck 18: Stem Cell Research Cloning and Genetic Engineering

Question 1

Give two common criticisms of GMOs.

Answer 1

One is the concern that farm-raised and genetically altered salmon,if released into the wild,might harm other species of fish.Another is that we ought to leave species as we find them,and it is the cross-species transfers of genetic materialinvolved in some GMOs that make them unacceptable.

Question 2

The argument that human personhood begins at conception and humans should not be used for scientific research is founded in

A) Categorical imperative.
B) Utilitarianism.
C) Natural law.
D) Virtue ethics.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Stem cells are

A) Monopotent.
B) Pluripotent.
C) Omnipotent.
D) Bipotent.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Give two objections to genetic screening.

Question 5

Some opponents of stem cell research argue that the early undifferentiated cells of the blastocyst have the full moral status of a person,and thus cannot be used in medical research.

Question 6

Therapeutic cloning refers to the process by which

A) Clones are healed during development.
B) Genetic material is created for therapies.
C) Cloning is used for medical purposes.
D) Genetic replicas are created for people who have lost pets.

Question 7

How has nearly all the food we eat been "genetically modified" in the broadest sense of the term?

A) It has been cross-bred for centuries.
B) It has been made drought-resistant.
C) It has been made sterile.
D) It has been infused with "edible vaccines."

Question 8

The "playing God" argument against cloning

A) Is religious in nature.
B) Is the same as the "yuck" argument.
C) Is built on teachings in the Christian Bible.
D) Is not necessarily a religious argument.

Question 9

The suggestion that using embryos from fertility clinics which would otherwise be destroyed or kept frozen is an ethical activity relies upon ________ reasoning

A) Egoism
B) Natural law
C) Categorical imperative
D) Utilitarianism

Question 10

According to the Human Genome Project human beings regardless of race are 99.9% identical,but the 0.1 percent difference is made up of significant genetic variations.

Question 11

One of the central issues in the debate over embryonic stem cell research is the moral status of the human blastocyst,a fertilized ball of cells smaller than a grain of sand.

Question 12

A common ethical objection to human reproductive cloning is

A) It is a production rather than a creation.
B) It violates the human's rights to an open future
C) All of these choices.
D) It is comparable to "playing God."

Question 13

According to MacKinnon,of the 20,000 human genes,how many are unique to humans and not found in other animals?

A) 300
B) 18,000
C) 10,000
D) 1,000

Question 14

The Human Genome Project was designed to alter and perfect the human genetic code.

Question 15

Embryonic stem cells are called omnipotent,because they can develop into many different kinds of tissue.

Question 16

Give two of the reasons found in the text for why people value privacy.

Question 17

The Human Genome Project was completed in:

A) 1995.
B) It is not yet finished.
C) 2000.
D) 2013.

Question 18

Mammals have never been cloned.

Question 19

The yuck factor argument to human cloning holds that we ought to trust our gut reactions to certain procedures as indicative of their moral nature.