Deck 19: Violence Terrorism and War

Question 1

War crimes are defined differently by various nations who each have their own doctrine of universal human rights.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

What are the two principles to the jus in bello part of the just war theory?

A) The principle of enlightenment and the principle of retribution.
B) The principle of retaliation and the principle of compensatory justice.
C) The principle of proportionality and the principle of discrimination.
D) The principle of non-proliferation and the principle of non-engagement.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Most terrorists are

A) Well educated and middle class.
B) Poor and desperate.
C) Ignorant and easily manipulated.
D) Rich and bored.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What does the proportionality principle require?

A) It requires that,before employing biochemical weapons,we weigh the relative advantages of conventional weapons as a viable alternative.
B) It requires that,before engaging in war or the use of force,we consider the likely costs and benefits of doing so,as opposed to choosing alternative courses of action (or no action).
C) It requires that,before considering non-violence,we consider the likelihood of international repercussions.
D) It requires that,before we call a war "just" we commence a values-assessment and consult political and religious leaders.

Question 5

St.Augustine was one of the first we know of to write in support of the justification of some wars.

Question 6

According to the last resort requirement,we should try "everything" short of war first.

Question 7

That violence can never lead to peace is a deontological reason supporting pacifism.

Question 8

What kind of reasoning is found in the just cause principle?

A) Utilitarianism
B) Natural law
C) Relativism
D) Categorical imperative

Question 9

Which of the following is not a rationale for pacifism?

A) Nonviolent means work better than violent means.
B) To kill people is wrong in itself.
C) Setting an example of nonviolent resolution encourages negotiation.
D) Pacifism encourages the enemy to lay down its defenses.

Question 10

One long-standing element of both international law and just war theory is the inviolability of civilians or noncombatants.

Question 11

According to the principle of discrimination,it is wrong to ever do what risks deaths of civilians in war.

Question 12

The idea that killing is wrong,but my killing is OK violates which of our ethical theories?

A) Relativism
B) Categorical imperative
C) Utilitarianism
D) Egoism

Question 13

To agree that the reduction of privacy rights to gain greater security is an example of ________ reasoning.

A) Utilitarian
B) Kantian
C) Relativism
D) Natural law

Question 14

Just War theory has an initial presumption against war that must be overcome by the fulfillment of certain requirements.

Question 15

One problem for achieving world peace,according to experts,is the reduction in the proliferation of weapons.

Question 16

All forms of pacifism hold that violence is always wrong.

Question 17

A value neutral definition of terrorism is the use of force to destroy property or kill people who are not directly involved in the matters being protested.

Question 18

The principle of double effect used by the principle of discrimination holds that there is a difference between directly intending some end and foreseeing that one's actions might result in that end.

Question 19

To be a pacifist is the same thing as to be a conscientious objector.

Question 20

According to MacKinnon,what is the most immediate goal of terrorism?

A) To vent anger.
B) To create push a political or religious ideology.
C) To create fear.
D) To assert value.

Question 21

The good to be achieved by some action must not be outweighed by the costs to do so.

Question 22

We should always remember that we are aiming toward achieving peace and do nothing that will make this less difficult to achieve.

Question 23

This requirement makes bombing of civilian populations unacceptable.

Question 24

There must be some serious or weighty reason that justifies the initial presumption against war.

Question 25

Which of these characteristics is not part of the U.S.State Department definition of "terrorism?" It can be committed by a nation state or noncombatants through excessive force.

A) Political motivation in violence perpetrated against noncombatants.
B) Conflicts motivated by local grievances rather than governmental decisions.
C) ​
D) It is committed by subnational groups or clandestine agents,usually intended to influence an audience.

Question 26

We should not directly and intentionally target non-combatants,but only those who are a threat to us.

Question 27

What is the difference between consequentialist and non-consequentialist arguments regarding the rightness or wrongness of terrorism.

Question 28

Proportionality under jus ad bellum is an example of

A) Utilitarianism.
B) Categorical imperative.
C) Relativism.
D) Virtue ethics.

Question 29

What would be a nonconsequentialist justification for pacificism?

A) Killing is economically costly.
B) Killing leads to pain and suffering
C) Killing only leads to more killing.
D) Killing is wrong in and of itself.

Question 30

Give a problem connected with each of the principles of Just War Theory (just cause,Jus as Bellum proportionality,last resort,right intention,Jus in Bello proportionality,and discrimination).

Question 31

The first Geneva Convention was formulated in 1864 to

A) Establish rules for the conduct of war.
B) Establish standards for the treatment of prisoners.
C) Protect the sick and wounded.
D) Set a basis for prosecuting war crimes.