Deck 2: Neurophysiology

Question 1

Tasks for neurons include receiving,processing,and sending information.They communicate with other neurons through axons and synapses.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Answer 1

Both statements are true.

Question 2

What are the nerves that conduct signals away from the brain or spinal cord called?

A) Neurotransmitters
B) Electrical synapses
C) Afferent nerves
D) Efferent nerves

Answer 2

Efferent nerves

Question 3

What are the nerves that conduct signals from sensory neurons to the spinal cord or brain called?

A) Neurotransmitters
B) Electrical synapses
C) Afferent nerves
D) Efferent nerves

Answer 3

Afferent nerves

Question 4

The lipoprotein sheath that surrounds many neurons is called the myelin sheath.The myelin sheath is composed of Schwann cells.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 5

What is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds each axon within a nerve called?

A) Epineurium
B) Endoneurium
C) Perineurium
D) Fascicle

Question 6

What is another name for axons?

A) Core bundles
B) Mantle bundles
C) Nerve fibers
D) All options listed

Question 7

What are the endogenous chemicals that transmit signals from a neuron to a target cell across a synapse called?

A) Neurotransmitters
B) Electrical synapses
C) Afferent nerves
D) Efferent nerves

Question 8

What is the name of the portion of the sensory neuron that is easily excited and has the most negative action potential threshold?

A) Dendritic zone
B) Soma
C) Axon hillock
D) Output zone

Question 9

What is the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to another called?

A) Nonmyelinated
B) Saltatory conduction
C) Polarization
D) Refractory period

Question 10

Which nerve fiber type is responsible for pain related to temperature?

A) A alpha
B) A delta
C) B
D) C

Question 11

The main difference between motor neurons and sensory neurons is the location of which body part?

A) Axon
B) Dendritic zone
C) Cell body
D) Terminal arborization

Question 12

The A alpha nerve fiber type is the smallest and the most numerous nerve fiber.The A delta nerve fiber type is primarily responsible for dull,aching pain.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 13

At the synaptic knobs of neuron cells,what type of action is required to have the electrical impulse cross the synapse of one cell to another cell?

A) The action of electrical synapses
B) The action of chemical synapses
C) The action of either electrical or chemical synapses
D) Repolarization

Question 14

As the action potential moves down the line,its strength decreases as it moves from one neuron to the next.The action potential in myelinated axons does not propagate as waves as in unmyelinated axons.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 15

The cell body of which neuron participates in impulse conduction and therefore is located at the terminal arborization?

A) Sensory neurons
B) Motor neurons
C) Somatic neurons
D) All options listed

Question 16

What is the layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire nerve called?

A) Epineurium
B) Endoneurium
C) Perineurium
D) Fascicle

Question 17

The difference between the electrical charge on the outside of the cell and that on the inside of the cell is called what?

A) Firing threshold
B) Membrane potential
C) Polarization
D) Action potential

Question 18

What is the most distal arborization of the nerve endings called?

A) Dendritic zone
B) Soma
C) Axon hillock
D) Output zone

Question 19

Local anesthetic agents used in dentistry:

A) Cause loss of nociception
B) Prevent generation of a nerve impulse
C) Prevent conduction of a nerve impulse
D) All options listed

Question 20

Which description best describes the mechanism by which local anesthetic drugs work?

A) Anesthetic drugs bind to the sodium channels,the influx of sodium is interrupted,the action potential cannot rise,and the signal conduction is inhibited.
B) Anesthetic drugs bind to the potassium channels,the influx of sodium is interrupted,the action potential cannot rise,and the signal conduction is inhibited.
C) Anesthetic drugs bind to the sodium channels,the influx of potassium is interrupted,the action potential cannot rise,and the signal conduction is inhibited.
D) Anesthetic drugs bind to the sodium channels,the influx of sodium and potassium is interrupted,the action potential cannot rise,and the signal conduction is inhibited.

Question 21

What do local anesthetic drugs inhibit in order to prevent nerve cell stimulation?

A) Sodium influx
B) Potassium influx
C) Chloride excretion
D) All options listed

Question 22

The axon is:

A) Made up of cytoplasm
B) Surrounded by a multiple lipid membrane
C) All options listed
D) None of the options listed

Question 23

The function of the cell body is to transmit impulses.The cell body is responsible for protein synthesis and provides metabolic support for the neuron.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 24

Which of the following is true regarding the nodes of Ranvier?

A) Found along myelinated nerve fibers between adjacent Schwann cells
B) Occur at unevenly spaced intervals
C) All options listed
D) None of the options listed

Question 25

The relationship between relative amounts of ions inside and outside the nerve membrane is known as which of the following?

A) Relative refractory period
B) Concentration gradient
C) Action potential
D) Axolemma

Question 26

The nerve cell stage in which potassium returns to the inside of the cell and sodium returns to the outside of the cell is called what?

A) All-or-none principle
B) Polarization
C) Depolarization
D) Refractory period

Question 27

The smaller-diameter nerve fibers associated with supraperiosteal injections are more sensitive to local anesthetics.The larger-diameter nerve fibers of the IA and PSA require a larger volume of local anesthetic for successful nerve blockage.

A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false
C) The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false;the second statement is true.