Deck 22: The Algae

Question 1

Their high production of ________ make microalgae valuable for the production of biofuel.

A)monosaccharides
B)triglycerides
C)polysaccharides
D)waxes
E)proteins

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The ancestors of this organism first appeared in the fossil record about 3.5 billion years ago and has phycobillin accessory pigments.

A)dinoflagellate
B)euglena
C)cyanobacterium
D)diatom
E)green alga

Answer 2

C

Question 3

All of the following correctly pair up an organism with a unique structure or compound it possesses except one.Choose the exception.

A)cyanobacteria :: heterocysts
B)diatoms :: frustule
C)red algae :: phycobillins
D)brown algae :: alginic acid
E)green algae :: conceptacles

Answer 3

E

Question 4

In the life cycle of a green alga,meiosis specifically occurs in the ________.

A)gametophyte
B)sporangia
C)gametangia
D)sporophyte
E)zygote

Question 5

In the life cycle of a green alga,syngamy occurs between which of the following?

A)zoospores
B)sporangia
C)gametes
D)zygotes
E)gametophytes

Question 6

The most common thallus types include which of the following?

A)Nonmotile,amoeboid,or flagellated
B)Colonies that may be nonmotile or flagellated
C)Chains or filaments that may be branched or unbranched
D)Parenchymatous thalli that produce a three-dimensional structure in the form of blades,sheets,or tubes
E)All of the above are varieties of thalli that appear in the algae.

Question 7

Many cyanobacteria are enclosed in a ________ sheath.

A)mucilaginous
B)filamentous
C)cartilaginous
D)chitinized
E)keratinized

Question 8

The Kingdom Protista is probably polyphyletic.Which of the following protist groups is not correctly matched?

A)Dinophyta :: dinoflagellates
B)Bacillariophyta :: diatoms
C)Phaeophyta :: brown algae
D)Chlorophyta :: blue green bacteria
E)Rhodophyta :: red algae

Question 9

In which of the following way(s)does (do)the algae differ from land plants?

A)Algae do not have cell walls.
B)Some algae do not have chlorophyll a.
C)Some algae are not photosynthetic.
D)Algae are not embryophytes.
E)All of these are ways in which algae differ from land plants.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)Sexual reproduction of diatoms is through cell division.
B)Diatoms are common in tropical oceans but rare in cold oceans.
C)Brown algae include only the kelps.
D)The Phaeophyta are the least complex of all the algae.
E)In Fucus,the swollen areas at the ends of the blade are reproductive structures called receptacles.

Question 11

Ulva is both ________ and ________.

A)isogamous;heteromorphic
B)anisogamous;heteromorphic
C)anisogamous;isomorphic
D)isogamous;isomorphic
E)oogamous;isomorphic

Question 12

You discover a single-celled organism living in a tide pool encased within a glassy wall-like shell.It has a centric shape.You have likely discovered which of the following?

A)dinoflagellate
B)euglena
C)cyanobacterium
D)diatom
E)green alga

Question 13

Which of the following statements is(are)correct about the algae?

A)They are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms.
B)They range in size from microscopic single cells to giant,complex,multicellular organisms.
C)They occupy the base of food chains in both freshwater and marine ecosystems.
D)They have been used as food for humans throughout the world.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 14

A heterocyst is a cell specialized for which of the following functions?

A)photosynthesis
B)nitrogen fixation
C)sexual reproduction
D)cellular respiration
E)external digestion

Question 15

You discover a flagellated single-celled organism living in a freshwater pond.It has a greenish color,a pellicle,a short flagellum and a long flagellum,and a large red eye spot.You have likely discovered which of the following?

A)dinoflagellate
B)Euglena
C)cyanobacterium
D)diatom
E)green alga

Question 16

You discover a single-celled organism living in a freshwater pond.It is covered in cellulose plates and has two flagella.You have likely discovered which of the following?

A)dinoflagellate
B)Euglena
C)cyanobacterium
D)diatom
E)Nostoc

Question 17

From which of the following did land plants evolve?

A)Rhodophytes
B)Dinophytes
C)Chlorophytes
D)Phaeophytes
E)Euglenophytes

Question 18

Diatoms,in the division Bacillariophyta,are mainly unicells surrounded by a silicon-based wall consisting of two halves,called a(n)________.

A)oogonium
B)ephyra
C)radula
D)fructification
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 19

When does sexual reproduction occur in diatoms?

A)when ocean temperatures fall below 4°C
B)after zoospores hibernate for several months
C)after one of the frustule halves reaches a certain size
D)after a diatom passes through the gut of an anemone
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 20

Based on genetic studies,the living genus of algae that most closely resembles the evolutionary ancestor of land plants is which of the following?

A)Chlamydomonas
B)Coleochaete
C)Microcladia
D)Fucus
E)Laminaria

Question 21

Which of the following matches is not correct?

A)Kombu :: Laminaria japonica
B)Dulse :: Rhodymenia and Palmaria
C)Nori :: fertilizer
D)Hydrocolloids :: agar and carrageenan
E)None of the above are incorrect.

Question 22

What organ is affected by the toxins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa?

A)liver
B)stomach
C)pancreas
D)heart
E)small intestine

Question 23

Which of the following high-protein "alga" was cultivated by the Aztecs and is a traditional food in Chad?

A)Spirulina
B)Nostoc
C)Chlamydomonas
D)Undaria
E)Laminaria

Question 24

The red color of red algae is due to which of the following?

A)phycoerythrin
B)chlorophyll c
C)fucoxanthin
D)carotene
E)xanthophyll

Question 25

Compounds isolated from Amphidinium have shown promise as which of the following?

A)biofuels
B)cancer-fighting agents
C)a treatment for AIDS
D)a stabilizing agent in a variety of foods
E)being useful in all of these applications

Question 26

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A)The green algae are characterized by the presence of chlorophyll a and b.
B)Various charophyte species show biochemical and ultrastructural features that are shared with land plant but not with chlorophytes.
C)Green algae are classified in two divisions: Chlorophyta and Charophyta.
D)Genetic analysis from DNA sequences supports the hypothesis that the charophytes are the closest living relatives of land plants.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 27

Anatoxin-a is used in research on which of the following?

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)Polio myelitis
C)GERD
D)Equine encephalitis
E)Zika

Question 28

How do red algae differ from green and brown algae?

A)They contain no form of chlorophyll.
B)They have a multicellular thallus.
C)Their gametes are not flagellated.
D)Their environments are mainly marine.
E)All of these are ways in which red algae differ from green and brown algae.

Question 29

Which of the following substances has been shown to block the replication of rhinoviruses?

A)agar
B)alginic acid
C)carrageenan
D)cellulose
E)phycobillins

Question 30

Brevetoxins cause ________ in humans.

A)diarrhea
B)paralysis
C)nerve damage
D)respiratory illness
E)all of these ailments

Question 31

Porphrya is also known as which of the following?

A)kombu.
B)wakame.
C)dulse.
D)nori.
E)More than one of the above are correct.

Question 32

This dinoflagellate species is stimulated to producing toxins after consuming fish feces.The skin of fish affected by the toxin is destroyed and the affected fish die within hours after exposure to the toxin.This dinoflagellate species is classified as which one of the following species?

A)Codium fragile
B)Karenia brevis
C)Pfiesteria piscicida
D)Grateloupia turuturu
E)Anas platyrhyncus

Question 33

All of the following are genera being studied for the purpose of biofuel production except one.Choose the exception.

A)Spirogyra
B)Chlamydomonas
C)Chlorella
D)Anabaena
E)Dunaliella

Question 34

Which of the following is a common component of ice cream and toothpaste?

A)agar
B)alginic acid
C)carrageenan
D)cellulose
E)More than one of the above is a common component of ice cream and toothpaste.

Question 35

What is found in land plants that is lacking in Fucus?

A)the pigment,chlorophyll
B)multicellularity
C)cellular nuclei
D)a true alternation of generations
E)More than one of the above are correct.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a hydrocolloid?

A)agar
B)alginic acid
C)carrageenan
D)cellulose
E)More than one of these are not a hydrocolloid

Question 37

How do toxins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa cause damage?

A)by interfering with protein synthesis
B)by breaking down the cytoskeleton
C)by disrupting mitosis
D)by poking holes in the nuclear membrane
E)by doing all of the above

Question 38

Which of the following statements is correct?

A)The green algae are most abundant and diverse in the oceans.
B)Many species of green algae are used as food.
C)Sea lettuce (Ulva spp)is toxic until cooked.
D)Zoospores are the products of meiosis.
E)The Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic,unlike other true algae,which are eukaryotic.

Question 39

In the life cycle of brown algae,meiosis specifically occurs in which of the following?

A)oogonia
B)antheridia
C)the female thallus
D)the male thallus
E)More than one of the above are correct.

Question 40

One of the most toxic cyanobacteria is which of the following?

A)Nostoc
B)Azolla
C)Anabaena
D)Oscillatoria
E)Gleobacter

Question 41

The body of an alga is termed the ________.

Question 42

Algal blooms are triggered by which of the following?

A)rapid temperature change
B)increasing salinity
C)decreases in oxygen
D)nutrient enrichment
E)increases in carbon dioxide

Question 43

Agar is derived from ________ ________ and is used as a growth medium for microorganisms.

Question 44

Which of the following is a neurotoxin produced by members of the Cyanobacteria?

A)hepatotoxin
B)ciguatoxin
C)mycotoxin
D)anatoxin-a
E)digitalin

Question 45

Agar and carrageenan are examples of chemicals called ________ which are used as emulsifiers,stabilizers,and gelling agents.

Question 46

In Fucus,the swollen areas at the ends of the blade are reproductive regions known as ________.

Question 47

________ ________ is a product derived from the brown algae that imparts a smooth texture in both foods like icings and puddings and in industrial products like paints and hand lotions.

Question 48

Ciguatera poisoning is due to activities of which of the following?

A)green algae
B)diatoms
C)dinoflagellates
D)brown algae
E)euglena

Question 49

________ ________ can be used as soil additive since it can act like a field of broken glass to discourage some microscopic garden pests.

Question 50

Which group of algae can be differentiated into a holdfast,stipe,and blade?

A)cyanobacteria
B)brown algae
C)dinoflagellates
D)green algae
E)red algae

Question 51

________ have virtually indestructible shells of glass which have been used industrially for their polishing,filtering,and reflective properties.

Question 52

Which of the following is not a contributing factor to the success of Caulerpa taxifolia?

A)tolerance of broad range of temperatures
B)an elaborate sexual reproduction strategy
C)rapid growth rate
D)its inedibility
E)All of these are contributing factors to the success of Caulerpa taxifolia.

Question 53

Algal blooms may affect which of the following?

A)Drinking water
B)Fish consumption
C)"shellfish" consumption
D)Aquatic bird reproduction
E)All of the above can be affected by algal blooms.

Question 54

Unlike land plants,algae lack true tissue differentiation.

Question 55

Which of the following is not correct?

A)It has been difficult to secure adequate amounts of active algal compounds for screening and testing.
B)Amphidinium produces a class of molecules known as amphidinolides.
C)Some compounds from various types of algae show a range of activity against herpes and HIV viruses.
D)Fucoidan is being used to treat chemical addiction in humans.
E)Microcystins may cause liver failure.

Question 56

Diatoms with bilateral symmetry are known as ________ diatoms.

Question 57

Instead of a rigid cell wall,a proteinaceous pellicle occurs on organisms in the Division ________.

A)Dinophyta
B)Euglenophyta
C)Chlorophyta
D)Bacillariophyta
E)Rhodophyta

Question 58

The unicellular algae that cause "Red Tides" are known as ________.

Question 59

How is Caulerpa taxifolia and other siphonous algae different from typical green algae?

A)They do not use chlorophyll a and b as photosynthetic pigments.
B)They do not have a thallus.
C)They have both zoospores and gametes in its life cycle.
D)They are heteromorphic and heterotrophic.
E)They are coenocytic and have a stolon.

Question 60

The unicellular algae that cause "red tides" belong to the Division ________.

A)Rhodophyta
B)Bacillariophyta
C)Chlorophyta
D)Dinophyta
E)Phaeophyta

Question 61

Invasive species usually have low reproductive rates.

Question 62

Currently the "algae" are classified in two domains and at least six separate kingdoms.

Question 63

Depletion of oxygen by algal blooms can actually cause the "death" of an entire ecosystem.

Question 64

The glass-like cell wall of diatoms is called a frustule.

Question 65

Dinoflagellates cause ciguatera poisoning,a type of food poisoning with bizarre neurological symptoms.

Question 66

Spirulina,now a dietary protein supplement,was first grown in shallow ponds by the Aztecs.

Question 67

The dinoflagellates appeared on earth 3.5 billion years ago.

Question 68

Molecular evidence indicates that the algae are polyphyletic and represent several independent evolutionary lines.

Question 69

Reproduction is diverse among the various groups of algae;however,there is true retention of the embryo in any group.

Question 70

In biological control,a synthetic toxin is introduced to control the spread of an invasive species.

Question 71

In some cases,the diploid stage is only seen in the zygote.

Question 72

Siphonous algae have a tubular organization with no internal walls.

Question 73

The thallus or body of an alga can vary considerably from one-celled to many celled.

Question 74

Dinoflagellates only occur in marine environments.

Question 75

Chlorophyll a and b occur in all divisions of algae but not the Cyanobacteria.

Question 76

The Chlorophyta and Charophyta are part of the Kingdom Protista.

Question 77

The euglenoids are capable of producing an extremely powerful nerve toxin and are responsible for the phenomenon known as the Red Tide.

Question 78

The genus Pfiesteria in the Division Chlorophyta is capable of forming toxic metabolites.