Deck 23: Fungi in the Natural Environment

Question 1

Which of the following is not a correct association?

A)flagellated cells :: swarm cells
B)amoeboid cells :: myxamoeba
C)encystment :: protection from unfavorable conditions
D)sporangia :: meiosis and spore formation occur in Myxomycota
E)slime molds :: toxic,amoeboid forms that can damage the environment

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Most fungal spores are dispersed by which of the following agents?

A)wind
B)water
C)insects
D)small rodents
E)bats

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A mushroom is to mycelium as ________ is(are)to ________.

A)leaves;a branch
B)roots;a root system
C)apples;an apple tree
D)root hairs;a root
E)phloem;a vascular bundle

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The ascocarp is a fruiting body common in which of the following groups?

A)Ascomycota
B)Basidiomycota
C)Boletes
D)Cladosporium
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 5

In the Zygomycota,the thick-walled sexual spores are called which of the following?

A)zygospores
B)sporangiospores
C)mycorrhizae
D)plasmogamids
E)hymenia

Question 6

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A)As a group,the fungi are among the most abundant organisms in the world.
B)Fungi are vital to the environment as decomposers or as symbiotic partners.
C)Fungi provide us with lifesaving antibiotics,fermented foods,and beverages.
D)Fungi are now known to represent multiple lines of evolution within the Eukarya.
E)Fungi,although abundant,rarely cause plant or animal diseases.

Question 7

Fungi that are imperfect lack which of the following?

A)mycelium
B)cell walls
C)dikaryotic nuclei
D)sexual reproduction
E)More than one of these are correct.

Question 8

In most sexually reproducing fungi,what event immediately follows plasmogamy?

A)meiosis
B)mitosis
C)karyogamy
D)syngamy
E)isogamy

Question 9

Hyphae is to mycelium as ________ is(are)to ________.

A)leaves;a branch
B)roots;a root system
C)apples;an apple tree
D)root hairs;a root
E)phloem;a vascular bundle

Question 10

If a basidiomycete has a diploid number of 12,what is the ploidy number immediately after karyogamy?

A)12
B)6
C)6 + 6
D)12 + 12
E)24

Question 11

The Kingdom Fungi are characterized by which of the following?

A)being evolutionarily more advanced than protists in terms of multicellularity than the Protista.
B)heterotrophic lifestyle
C)the presence of chitin
D)sharing unique molecular similarities derived from DNA sequences
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following relationships is not correct?

A)sporangiospores :: asexual reproduction
B)plasmogamy :: sexual reproduction
C)hymenium :: asci forming a layer
D)Rhizopus :: a zygomycete laboratory contaminant
E)Ascus :: sexual spores in a saclike structure common in the Basidiomycota

Question 13

The water mold Saprolegnia has which of the following characteristics?

A)biflagellate zoospores
B)encysted states during development
C)separate male and female gametangia produce haploid spores
D)relatives of Saprolegnia cause late blight of potato and downy mildew of grapes
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A)The Kingdom Fungi comprises a diverse,monophyletic group.
B)Over 100,000 species have been classified.
C)The Fungi are morphologically diverse.
D)Yeast is a general term to describe unicellular fungi that reproduce by budding.
E)Reproduction in the fungi is always by the production of asexual spores.

Question 15

The myxomycetes are most like fungi in their ________ stage.

A)feeding
B)reproductive
C)swarming
D)dormant
E)vegetative

Question 16

Myxomycota are characterized by which of the following?

A)affinities to both animals and fungi
B)amoeboid feeding stage called the plasmodium
C)feeding by engulfing bacteria and organic matter
D)producing unicellular spores that may remain dormant
E)All of the above are characteristics of the Myxomycota.

Question 17

Genetically,true fungi are closest to which of the following groups?

A)plants
B)bacteria
C)archaea
D)animals
E)protists

Question 18

There are two groups of fungal-like protists: ________ and ________.

A)Myxomycota;Oomycota
B)Chytridiomycota;Zygomycota
C)Basidiomycota;Chytridiomycota
D)Glomeromycota;Zygomycota
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 19

Fungal karyogamy is the fusion of

A)cytoplasm
B)gametes
C)zygotes
D)hyphae
E)haploid nuclei

Question 20

Which of the following is not correct about the Oomycota?

A)They are called slime molds.
B)They are photosynthetic heterotrophs.
C)They are not really closely related to the true fungi.
D)They have threadlike nonseptate hyphae.
E)They have oogonia with one or more oospores,as well as motile zoospores.

Question 21

The only true fungi with motile cells are the ________.

A)Basidiomycetes
B)Ascomycetes
C)Zygomycetes
D)Chytridiomycetes
E)Glomeromycetes

Question 22

Beneficial fungi have been used in all of the following except one.Choose the exception.

A)antibiotic production
B)bioremediation
C)cheese production
D)starch production
E)aeration of water in eutrophic lakes

Question 23

What characteristic do chytridiomycetes share with land plants?

A)cellulose cell walls
B)flagellated sperm
C)an alternation of generations
D)true roots
E)Chytridiomycetes share all of these characteristics with land plants.

Question 24

In what specific structure does meiosis take place in the ascomycetes?

A)ascus
B)ascogonium
C)ascospores
D)hymenium
E)antheridium

Question 25

Which of the following is not a spore stage of Puccinia graminis?

A)basidiosprores
B)uredospores
C)ascospores
D)teliospores
E)spermatia

Question 26

What does a mycorrhizal plant supply to its partner?

A)oxygen
B)water
C)minerals
D)sugars
E)all of these

Question 27

Which of the following statements is correct about fungi?

A)Most are heterotrophs;some are autotrophs.
B)The vast majority are heterotrophs.
C)All are autotrophs and largely marine.
D)Most are autotrophs;some are heterotrophs
E)They are more closely related to plants than animals.

Question 28

Which of the following species has been the focus of research as a potential bioremediation agent?

A)Serpula lacrymans
B)Phaenerochaete chrysosporium
C)Cochliobolus heterostrophus
D)Phytophthora infestans
E)Puccinia graminis

Question 29

Which of the following minerals is the most important one supplied by mycorrhizal fungi to their partner?

A)nitrogen
B)potassium
C)phosphorous
D)magnesium
E)calcium

Question 30

Which of the following is not a role of fungi in the environment?

A)parasites
B)pathogens
C)mutual symbionts
D)saprobes
E)primary producers

Question 31

All of these fungi are paired correctly with the division they are in except one.Choose the exception.

A)Allomyces :: Chytridiomycota
B)Pilobolus :: Zygomycota
C)Glomus :: Ascomycota
D)Armillaria :: Basidiomycota
E)Boletes :: Basidiomycota

Question 32

In which of the following divisions is the species that is the cause of late blight of potato?

A)Basidiomycetes
B)Ascomycetes
C)Zygomycetes
D)Myxomycetes
E)Oomycetes

Question 33

Spores of the myxomycetes are in which state?

A)haploid
B)diploid
C)dikaryotic
D)triploid
E)tetraploid

Question 34

All of the following species are matched correctly with the disease they cause except one.Choose the exception.

A)Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis - late blight of potatoes
B)Phytophora ramorum - sudden oak death
C)Ophiostoma ulmi - Dutch Elm disease
D)Puccinia graminis - wheat rust
E)Ustilago maydis - corn smut

Question 35

What are facultative parasites?

A)saprobes that can become parasitic
B)two or more parasites that work together
C)parasites that can't exist without their host
D)parasites that are exclusively intracellular
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 36

Approximately what percentage of plants are mycorrhizal?

A)5
B)25
C)50
D)75
E)90

Question 37

What sets the zygomycetes apart from other fungi?

A)dikaryon nuclei
B)thick-walled sexual spores
C)All zygomycetes are imperfect.
D)They have an alternation of generations.
E)All of these set zygomycetes apart from other fungi.

Question 38

This single-celled organism has haploid biflagellated zoospores and antheridia that flank the oogonium.The hyphae are nonseptate except at the base.This single-celled organism belongs in the Division ________.

A)Basidiomycetes
B)Ascomycetes
C)Zygomycetes
D)Myxomycetes
E)Oomycetes

Question 39

In this group of fungi,spores are borne on tiny "spike" that project out from a club-like structure.This group of fungi are which of the following?

A)basidiomycetes
B)ascomycetes
C)zygomycetes
D)chytridiomycetes
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 40

Endomycorrhizal fungi are members of which of the following groups?

A)basidiomycetes
B)ascomycetes
C)zygomycetes
D)chytridiomycetes
E)glomeromycetes

Question 41

The spore stage of the wheat rust fungus that can infect wheat from barberry is which of the following?

A)spermatium
B)basidiospore
C)aeciospore
D)teliospore
E)uredospore

Question 42

Specialized asexual lichen propagules that consist of small groups of algal cells with interwoven hyphae are called ________.

Question 43

The spore stage of the wheat rust fungus that is called the "repeating stage" is termed the ________.

A)spermatium
B)basidiospore
C)aeciospore
D)teliospore
E)uredospore

Question 44

The spore stage of the wheat rust fungus that can infect barberry is the ________.

A)spermatium
B)basidiospore
C)aeciospore
D)teliospore
E)uredospore

Question 45

An asexual spore not formed in a sporangium is termed a ________.

Question 46

All of the following produce basidiospores except one.Choose the exception.

A)Ustilago maydis
B)Puccinia graminis
C)Morchella esculenta
D)Ganoderma applanatum
E)Armillaria bulbosa

Question 47

The spore stage of the wheat rust fungus that initiates plasmogamy is which of the following?

A)spermatium
B)basidiospore
C)aeciospore
D)teliospore
E)uredospore

Question 48

The slender thread-like structures which compose the body of a fungus are called ________.

Question 49

Germination of late blight fungus occurs under which of the following conditions?

A)low temperatures and low humidity
B)low temperatures and high humidity
C)high temperatures and low humidity
D)high temperatures and high humidity
E)high temperatures and high light intensity

Question 50

Morels and truffles are fruiting bodies found in which group of fungi?

A)ascomycetes
B)zygomycetes
C)oomycetes
D)basidiomycetes
E)myxomycetes

Question 51

To which group of fungi do the brewing and baking yeasts belong?

A)myxomycetes
B)basidiomycetes
C)ascomycetes
D)zygomycetes
E)imperfect fungi

Question 52

Asexual spores that are not formed within a sporangium are called which of the following?

A)sporangiospores
B)basidiospores
C)ascospores
D)conidia
E)oospores

Question 53

Which of the following is a structure produced by an endomycorrhizal fungus?

A)aecium
B)oogonium
C)arbuscle
D)zygospore
E)More than one of these structures are produced by an endomycorrhizal fungus.

Question 54

The scientific name for the wheat rust fungus is ________.

Question 55

Fungi which develop a mutualistic relationship with the roots of vascular plants are known as which of the following?

A)lichens
B)mycorrhizae
C)saprobes
D)facultative parasites
E)plant pathogens

Question 56

A hypha with 2 different nuclei in each cell is known as a ________.

Question 57

When slime mold spores germinate,they give rise to either ________ or swarm cells.

Question 58

Wheat and ________ are alternate hosts for the wheat rust fungus.

A)potato
B)barberry
C)rhododendron
D)milkweed
E)More than one of the above are correct.

Question 59

A disease caused by an ascomycete and spread by bark beetles resulting in wilting and death in trees is the ________ disease.

A)chestnut blight
B)corn smut
C)Dutch elm
D)wheat rust
E)white nose wilt

Question 60

The oomycetes are in the kingdom ________.

Question 61

Mycorrhizal fungi aid plants in the absorption of ________ and minerals from the soil.

Question 62

Puffball spores are dispersed by insects.

Question 63

The evolution of fungicide resistant strains of the fungus ________ has resulted in a renewed threat to potato crops worldwide.

Question 64

Brown rot fungi decompose ________ but leave the ________ unchanged.

Question 65

The great Bengal famine of 1942 was caused by the wheat rust fungus.

Question 66

Beadle and Tatum performed their classical genetic studies on an ascomycete classified as ________.

Question 67

Some wood-rotting fungi are being investigated for their potential to degrade ________ and environmental toxins.

Question 68

Rust fungi lack a fruiting body.

Question 69

The use of microorganisms to reclaim contaminated soil and water is known as ________.

Question 70

A multifaceted approach to plant disease control that uses sanitation,crop rotation,biological controls,disease forecasting,and genetic resistance along with fungicides is called ________.

Question 71

Chytridiomycetes are often parasites of other fungi.

Question 72

A characteristic cell wall material of organisms in the Kingdom Fungi is ________.

Question 73

In the oomycetes,spores may be formed from the breakup of hyphae,or on highly specialized hyphal branches often contained within fruiting bodies.

Question 74

Asexual reproduction in yeast is generally carried out through ________.

Question 75

The asexual spores formed by oomycetes are called ________.

Question 76

An interwoven mass of hyphae is called a(n)________.

Question 77

________ parasites can live as saprobes but will invade living tissue when suitable hosts are available.

Question 78

Uredospores of the wheat rust fungus can be carried by prevailing winds for hundreds of miles.

Question 79

Ustilago maydis is the fungus that causes ________.

Question 80

Recent evidence has led to the classification of Division Chytridiomycota in the Kingdom ________.