Deck 7: Genetics

Question 1

In a cross between a heterozygous smooth-seeded (Ss)plant and a homozygous wrinkled-seeded (ss)plant,what would be the expected phenotypes of the offspring?

A)all smooth
B)all wrinkled
C)3/4 smooth:1/4 wrinkled
D)half smooth: half wrinkled
E)The answer cannot be determined from the information given.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In a cross between a pure breeding tall (dominant)plant and a pure breeding dwarf (recessive)plant,the expected phenotypes of the offspring will be which of the following?

A)3/4 tall: 1/4 dwarf
B)half tall: half dwarf
C)all tall
D)all dwarf
E)The answer cannot be determined from the information given.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In Mendelian genetic crosses,a(n)________ allele is only expressed in the homozygous condition.

A)recessive
B)dominant
C)homozygous
D)heterozygous
E)indeterminate

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In pea plants,purple flower color is dominant to white flower color.If in the P generation,a pure-breeding white flowering pea plant is crossed with a pure-breeding purple flowering pea plant,what will be the expected phenotypes of the F₂ generation?

A)all purple flowering pea plants
B)1/2 purple flowering pea plants;1/2 white
C)all white flowering pea plants
D)3/4 purple flowering pea plants;1/4 white
E)1/4 purple flowering pea plants;3/4 white

Question 5

A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a dominant allele for flower color from its other parent.The genotype of this pea plant is classified as which of the following?

A)homozygous recessive
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant
D)undetermined
E)hemizygous recessive

Question 6

A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a recessive allele for flower color from its other parent.The genotype of this pea plant is called which of the following?

A)homozygous recessive
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant
D)undetermined
E)hemizygous

Question 7

In pea plants,the smooth seed trait is dominant to the wrinkled seed trait and the green pod trait is dominate to the yellow pod trait.If a pea plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits what will be the expected genotypes of the offspring of this cross?

A)homozygous dominate for both traits
B)heterozygous for both traits
C)1/2 homozygous dominant and 1/2 homozygous recessive
D)1/4 homozygous dominant;1/2 heterozygous;1/4 homozygous recessive
E)3/4 heterozygous and 1/4 homozygous dominant

Question 8

In pea plants,the smooth seed trait is dominant to the wrinkled seed trait and the green pod trait is dominate to the yellow pod trait.If a pea plant that is homozygous dominant for both traits is crossed with a pea plant that is homozygous recessive for both traits what will be the expected phenotypes of the offspring of this cross?

A)all smooth seed with yellow pods
B)1/2 smooth seed with yellow pods;1/2 wrinkled seed with green pods
C)3/4 smooth seed with yellow pods;1/4 wrinkled seed with green pods
D)all wrinkled seed with green pods
E)The answer cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 9

Mendel's principle of segregation relates directly to an event that occurs in ________ of meiosis.

A)Prophase I
B)Anaphase I
C)Metaphase I
D)Prophase II
E)Anaphase II

Question 10

In Mendel's work with peas,an F₁ hybrid (smooth yellow)was crossed to the recessive (wrinkled green)parent type.In terms of color,what were the frequencies of the phenotypes in the offspring of this cross?

A)all green
B)all yellow
C)1/2 green and 1/2 yellow
D)3/4 yellow and 1/4 green
E)none of the above

Question 11

Which of the following was unknown during Mendel's time?

A)the structure of DNA
B)mitosis and meiosis
C)genes and chromosomes
D)the structure of nucleotides
E)None of these were known in Mendel's time.

Question 12

Which of the following crosses will produce offspring that show the recessive phenotype?

A)Aa × AA
B)AA × aa
C)Aa × Aa
D)AA × Aa
E)The answer cannot be determined from the information given.

Question 13

In a cross between a pure breeding tall plant (dominant)and a pure breeding dwarf plant (recessive)the expected genotypes of the offspring will be which of the following?

A)all homozygous dominant
B)all heterozygous
C)all homozygous recessive
D)3/4 heterozygous;1/4 homozygous recessive
E)half homozygous dominant;half heterozygous

Question 14

Alternative forms of the same gene are called which of the following?

A)loci
B)homologous
C)heterozygous
D)alleles
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following could be an RNA codon?

A)TAT
B)CGT
C)AAU
D)GAT
E)all of the above

Question 16

What was the immediate fate of Mendel's 1865 publication of his pea plant experiments?

A)He received universal praise and the science of genetics was born.
B)It was immediately condemned as anti-religious and banned by the Catholic Church.
C)He was accused of fraud and fudging his data.
D)It was mostly ignored for over 30 years.
E)It was likely read carefully by Charles Darwin,because it reinforced his belief in "blending" inheritance.

Question 17

In pea plants,purple flower color is dominant to white flower color.If in the P generation,a pure-breeding white flowering pea plant is crossed with a pure-breeding purple flowering pea plant,what will be the expected genotypes of the F₂ generation?

A)all homozygous dominant
B)1/2 homozygous dominant;1/2 homozygous recessive
C)all homozygous recessive
D)3/4 homozygous dominant;1/4 homozygous recessive
E)1/4 homozygous dominant;1/2 heterozygous;1/4 homozygous recessive

Question 18

What trait did the parent pea plants have that made Mendel's experiments possible?

A)They were self-pollinating.
B)They were all homozygous dominant.
C)They were all homozygous recessive.
D)They were all heterozygous.
E)More than one of these traits made Mendel's experiments possible.

Question 19

Which of the following is not correct?

A)Sometimes more than two alleles exist for a given character,but only in a population,not an individual.
B)Polygenic inheritance means that the expression of a given character is determined by more than one pair of genes.
C)Mendel did not know about "linkage."
D)The Human Genome Project is complete.
E)So far,only a few locations on human chromosomes have been directly connected to human disease.

Question 20

A pea plant received a dominant allele for flower color from one of its parents and a dominant allele for flower color from its other parent.The phenotype of this pea plant is which of the following?

A)homozygous recessive
B)heterozygous
C)homozygous dominant
D)undetermined
E)Not enough information is given to determine the phenotype.

Question 21

A cross between a brown chicken and a white chicken results in chicks that are speckled brown and white.This is an example of which of the following?

A)complete dominance
B)incomplete dominance
C)codominance
D)polygenic inheritance
E)linkage

Question 22

The first flowering plant genome that was sequenced was this species.

A)Zea mays
B)Oryza sativa
C)Sorgum bicolor
D)Arabidopsis thaliana
E)Drosophila melanogaster

Question 23

The result of polygenic inheritance is typically which of the following?

A)continuous variation of a trait,such as height,around a mean.
B)all heterozygous genotypes.
C)phenotypes that are distinct from each other.
D)novel phenotypic variations.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 24

A point mutation is a change in which of the following?

A)a centromere
B)a whole chromatid
C)a single base
D)a whole chromosome
E)a single codon

Question 25

According to Mendel's Principle of ________ a pair of alleles separate from each other during the formation of gametes.

Question 26

Linked genes

A)tend to be inherited together.
B)do not segregate from each other during meiosis.
C)do not assort independently.
D)do all of the above.
E)do none of the above.

Question 27

Using bacterial ________,researchers are able to insert new genes into eukaryote cells to produce proteins of interest.

A)mRNA
B)plasmids
C)sex chromosomes
D)ribosomes
E)cell membranes

Question 28

If a segment of DNA read CATGAGACT,the complementary transcribed sequence would read:

A)CATGAGACT
B)GTACTCTGA
C)CAUGAGACU
D)GUACUCUGA
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 29

The introduction of genes from one organism into another is called ________ technology.

A)restriction DNA
B)somatic cell cloning
C)germ cell
D)recombinant DNA
E)plasmid restructuring

Question 30

A cross between pure-breeding red carnations and pure-breeding white carnations yields all pink carnations.This is an example of which of the following?

A)complete dominance
B)incomplete dominance
C)co-dominance
D)polygenic inheritance
E)linkage

Question 31

Which of the following molecules serves as the "blueprint" for protein synthesis?

A)rRNA
B)tRNA
C)mRNA
D)RNA polymerase
E)All of these molecules are found in all aspects of protein synthesis.

Question 32

Which of the following is involved with gene silencing?

A)mRNA
B)miRNA
C)tRNA
D)rRNA
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 33

A cross between two F1 pink dahlia yields plants with 9 varieties of flower color.This is an example of which of the following?

A)complete dominance.
B)incomplete dominance.
C)co-dominance.
D)polygenic inheritance.
E)linkage.

Question 34

If a portion of a DNA molecule being transcribed is ATCCGATGA,then the complementary portion of mRNA would read as follows:

A)ATCCGATGA
B)TAGGCTACT
C)UAGGCUACU
D)AUCCGAUGA
E)GCAATGCAG

Question 35

The actual coding part of a gene is called which of the following?

A)exon.
B)intron.
C)codon.
D)polymerase.
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 36

Insertion and deletion mutations both can cause which of the following?

A)point mutations.
B)somatic mutations.
C)frame-shift mutations.
D)All of the above are correct.
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 37

Which of the following is correct?

A)Plant genomes are usually larger and more complicated than those of many animals.
B)The wild mustard has more genes than any animal species.
C)A number of genes are identical in both plants and animals.
D)Comparative plant genomics are increasing every year.
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 38

Transcription leads to the production of ________ whereas translation leads to the formation of ________.

A)tRNA;polypeptides
B)polypeptides;mRNA
C)mRNA;polypeptides
D)mRNA;RNA
E)rRNA;polypeptides

Question 39

Eukaryotic mRNA is translated with the aid of which organelle?

A)the nucleus
B)the Golgi
C)the ribosome
D)the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E)None of the above are correct.

Question 40

The codon,AUG,is a start codon that also codes for the amino acid,

A)valine.
B)phenylalanine.
C)cysteine.
D)methionine.
E)leucine.

Question 41

If genes are on the same chromosome they will be inherited together;this condition is called ________.

Question 42

Ribosomal RNA joins with a number of proteins to form ribosomes.

Question 43

In sesame plants,the one pod condition (P)is dominant to the three-pod condition (p).A cross between PP and Pp would result in a 1:1 ratio of one pod to three in the offspring.

Question 44

________ is the molecule that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.

Question 45

Approximately 99.9% of the human genome consists of genes comprising DNA that codes for proteins.

Question 46

________ and ________ described the structure of the DNA molecule.

Question 47

Phenotype indicates the genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 48

Somatic mutations are always passed along to offspring.

Question 49

A protein composed of 50 amino acids would be coded for by the exon of a gene that is ________ bases long.

Question 50

________ enzymes cut the DNA molecule at specific base sequences.

Question 51

Translation results in the formation of mRNA as a complimentary copy of DNA.

Question 52

In addition to mutations,other inherited changes can cause chemical changes to chromatin.Epigenetics is the study of the inheritance of these changes,often involving a methyl group attachment to either a nucleotide or a histone protein.

Question 53

SNPs are locations in human DNA in which a single nucleotide base differs among individuals.

Question 54

The anticodon is a series of three bases on the mRNA molecule that pairs with the complementary codon of tRNA.

Question 55

Portions of the mRNA molecule that are removed before translation are known as ________.

Question 56

If both alleles of a gene are expressed in the heterozygote,the condition is called ________.