Deck 14: C: Political Transformations Empires and Encounters 1450-1750

Question 1

Which of the following describes slavery in Latin America?

A) Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century.
B) Living and working conditions for slaves were similar to those of poor white men.
C) Slaves became self-reproducing after 1750,with all slaves born in the New World.
D) Slaves could not be set free by their owners nor could they buy their freedom.

Answer 1

Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century.

Question 2

Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of the New World?

A) To acquire gold and jewels from the Spanish
B) To learn about European culture and history
C) To appease the gods and avert natural disasters
D) To gain an advantage against their own enemies

Answer 2

To gain an advantage against their own enemies

Question 3

The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands was

A) dependent on the import of African slaves for labor.
B) based on commercial agriculture and mining.
C) supported by piracy and smuggling.
D) administered by Spanish missionaries.

Answer 3

based on commercial agriculture and mining.

Question 4

Some scientists have linked the Little Ice Age that spanned much of the early modern period to the

A) devshirme.
B) Great Dying.
C) discovery of Siberia.
D) plantation complex.

Question 5

Which of the following was a result of the Ottoman Empire's policy toward the Christian population in southeastern Europe?

A) The majority of the population had converted to Islam by the sixteenth century.
B) Christians remained a permanent underclass in Ottoman society.
C) Christian communities enjoyed considerable autonomy over their own affairs.
D) Christians who refused to convert migrated to the Americas.

Question 6

In contrast to the Portuguese and Spanish colonists in Latin America,British colonists in North America

A) married indigenous women more frequently and were less racist.
B) sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas.
C) were almost exclusively male and Catholic.
D) faced many class and racial restrictions.

Question 7

Which of the following contributed to the Great Dying in the Americas?

A) A volcanic eruption and an earthquake that caused flooding
B) A prolonged drought that made farming impossible
C) The frequent warfare between the Aztec and Inca empires
D) Native Americans' lack of immunity to Eurasian diseases

Question 8

What did the introduction of domesticated animals into the Americas make possible?

A) Ranching economies
B) Plantation crops
C) Industrialization
D) The slave trade

Question 9

Which of the following was a reason that Portugal,Spain,France,and Britain were the first to expand into the New World?

A) They had a long tradition of exploring distant lands by boat.
B) They were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.
C) They believed in ancient legends of a lost world across the ocean.
D) They lands lacked iron,which drove them to search for deposits.

Question 10

Which of the following regions experienced the least racial mixing and was the least willing to recognize the offspring of interracial unions?

A) Colonial Brazil
B) British North America
C) The Caribbean
D) Spanish America

Question 11

The Mughal ruler Akbar favored policies that promoted

A) a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture.
B) the forced conversion of Hindus to Islam.
C) a distinctly Islamic identity.
D) the removal of non-Muslims from high office.

Question 12

Which of the following was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the Americas?

A) A shift in the global balance of power in favor of Russia
B) The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents
C) The spread of smallpox from the Americas to Eurasia
D) A sharp decline in population in Europe and Asia

Question 13

How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish missionaries' efforts to convert them to Catholicism?

A) They rejected Catholicism completely and maintained their local cultures.
B) They blended their old customs into Catholic practices.
C) They only pretended to be Catholic when Europeans were around.
D) They abandoned their old religions and embraced Catholicism entirely.

Question 14

Which of the following policies reflects mercantilist thinking?

A) Discouraging exports
B) Encouraging free trade
C) Using slave labor
D) Accumulating precious metals

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of the Columbian exchange?

A) The emergence of Western Europeans on the world stage
B) The introduction of corn and potatoes into the Afro-Eurasian diet
C) The rivalry between Catholic Spain and Protestant England
D) The interaction between the Mesoamerican and Andean civilizations

Question 16

How did silver from the mines of Mexico and Peru affect international commerce?

A) It encouraged piracy and smuggling among colonists in North America.
B) It weakened the effectiveness of mercantilist fiscal policies.
C) It enabled Europeans to buy Chinese tea,silk,and porcelain.
D) It shifted the center of long-distance trade to the Americas.

Question 17

How did Chinese and Russian expansion into Central Asia affect the nomadic peoples inhabiting the steppe lands?

A) They no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity.
B) They were absorbed into Chinese and Russian society and lost their identity.
C) They abandoned their nomadic lifestyle and enjoyed success as merchants.
D) They formed a military confederation and won their independence.

Question 18

Which of the following describes a feature of Qing China's policy toward its possessions in central Asia?

A) A massive migration of Chinese settlers into the area
B) Assimilation of the local populations into Chinese society
C) Respect for the different cultures of the region
D) The imposition of a special tax on Muslims

Question 19

What contributed to higher literacy rates in the British colonies in North America than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America?

A) Protestantism,which was practiced by most British colonists,encouraged reading the Bible for oneself.
B) The British government invested massive funds into building libraries throughout North America.
C) Spanish and Portuguese colonizers thought Native Americans could not be taught to read.
D) The Spanish and Portuguese governments discouraged literacy among the colonial population.

Question 20

Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires?

A) They spread diseases to conquered peoples.
B) They were initiated by maritime expansion.
C) They were created by merchants.
D) They were accompanied by religious conversion of conquered peoples.

Question 21

Which of the following dominated the agricultural economy of the New England and middle Atlantic colonies in British North America?

A) Large estates that directly employed native workers
B) Government-owned land that was leased to settlers
C) Small-scale independent farmers working their own land
D) Sugar plantations worked by slave labor

Question 22

Which of the following policies contributed to the growth of Hindu opposition to Mughal rule by the late seventeenth century?

A) Promotion of the practice of sati
B) Creation of an imperial cult
C) Reinstatement of the jizya
D) Construction of the House of Worship

Question 23

Which of the following was a reason Russia expanded beginning in the sixteenth century?

A) To control the Silk Roads
B) To secure its borders from attack
C) To gain access to gunpowder weapons
D) To monopolize the spice trade

Question 24

Which of the following highlights the intersection between the Little Ice Age and the phenomenon scholars term the General Crisis?

A) The inability of shamans to control the weather discredited popular religions.
B) Climactic changes exacerbated conditions that led to popular unrest.
C) The re-emergence of land bridges led to the age of mass migration.
D) Efforts to predict the weather led to an overturning of established truths.

Question 25

In which of the following empires did the process of expansion occur at the same time that a distinctive state was taking shape?

A) The Russian Empire
B) The Spanish Empire
C) The Ottoman Empire
D) The Mughal Empire

Question 26

Which of the following resulted from Russia's westward expansion in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries?

A) A program of westernization in Russia
B) Russia's monopoly of the fur trade
C) The incorporation of Slavic-speaking Ukrainians and Belorussians into the empire
D) The conversion of the Russian royal family to Islam

Question 27

In the conflict between the Islamic and Christian worlds,which event in the fifteenth century signaled that the Islamic world held the upper hand?

A) The Treaty of Nerchinsk
B) The Treaty of Tordesillas
C) The Reconquista and its aftermath
D) The Ottoman conquest of Constantinople

Question 28

Refer to Map 13.3 in the textbook.The addition of Mongolia,Xinjiang,and Tibet to the Chinese empire during the Qing dynasty led to

A) the creation of the Court of Colonial Affairs.
B) the permanent end of the tribute system.
C) border skirmishes with the Russian Empire.
D) border skirmishes with the Mughal Empire.

Question 29

Which of the following describes what happened to the native populations of the steppes and Siberia as a consequence of Russian imperial expansion?

A) Enslavement
B) Genocide
C) Resettlement
D) Assimilation

Question 30

Map 13.1 in the textbook shows the Americas in which century?

A) Fourteenth
B) Fifteenth
C) Eighteenth
D) Nineteenth