Deck 21: C: Collapse at the Center World War, Depression, and the Rebalancing of Global Power 1914-1970s

Question 1

Which of the following was a term of the Treaty of Versailles?

A) Palestine was to be the protected homeland for Jews.
B) The Ottoman Empire was to pay restitution to its Armenian subjects.
C) The United States was to head the League of Nations.
D) Germany was to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I.

Answer 1

Germany was to accept sole responsibility for causing World War I.

Question 2

Which of the following was a more prominent feature of World War II than World War I?

A) The blurring of the line between civilian and military targets
B) The practice of trench warfare and defensive military strategies
C) The mass enthusiasm for war in Britain and France
D) The forceful and quick response of the Allies to German aggression

Answer 2

The blurring of the line between civilian and military targets

Question 3

What impact did World War I have on Europe's colonial empires?

A) The war drew in laborers and soldiers from the colonies.
B) The war enriched the colonial population in Europe's empires.
C) The war was fought exclusively in the colonies.
D) The war offered colonies a means to gain independence.

Answer 3

The war drew in laborers and soldiers from the colonies.

Question 4

Which country was least affected by the Great Depression?

A) Germany
B) Japan
C) The Soviet Union
D) The United States

Question 5

Which of the following was a distinctive and central feature of the German expression of fascism?

A) The use of violence as a political tool
B) A single-party dictatorship
C) A view of war as an ennobling experience
D) An insistence on a racial revolution

Question 6

Which of the following was a factor in causing the Great Depression?

A) U.S.involvement in World War I
B) Underproduction in the United States
C) Speculation on the stock market
D) State regulation of the economy

Question 7

What drew Japan,Germany,and Italy into a political alliance by 1936-1937?

A) Commitment to communism
B) Fear of global capitalism
C) Hostility toward the Soviet Union
D) Shared belief in Aryan supremacy

Question 8

Which of the following was a reason for the popularity of the Nazi Party once it seized power in the 1930s?

A) Its acceptance of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles
B) Its success in bringing Germany out of the Great Depression
C) Its rejection of rural life,anti-Semitism,and traditional values
D) Its embrace of parliamentary politics and communism

Question 9

Refer to Map 20.2 in the textbook.Which country switched sides after World War I began?

A) France
B) Russia
C) Italy
D) Germany

Question 10

In contrast to what transpired during World War I,Germany during World War II was able to

A) defeat the Soviet Union.
B) conquer France quickly.
C) neutralize the American threat.
D) appease Britain and Italy.

Question 11

The new states that had been carved out of which empire were governed as mandates of the League of Nations after World War I?

A) The Austro-Hungarian Empire
B) The Ottoman Empire
C) The Russian Empire
D) The Holy Roman Empire

Question 12

Which of the following did Japan,Italy,and Germany share in the 1930s?

A) Widespread arrest and execution of political opponents
B) Political takeover by right-wing radical groups
C) Strong traditions of parliamentary democracy
D) Aggressive ambition for conquest and empire building

Question 13

Which of the following describes popular attitudes in Europe toward the prospect of war in the summer of 1914?

A) Widespread enthusiasm
B) Universal opposition
C) General indifference
D) Disillusioned cynicism

Question 14

What effect did the U.S.Marshall Plan have on European economies?

A) It promoted economic growth and widespread prosperity in Western Europe.
B) It deindustrialized European economies and created economic misery.
C) It created a competitive and hostile environment for European commerce.
D) It generated vicious cycles of economic recession and depression.

Question 15

Which of the following describes the position of the United States after World War I?

A) It became the largest empire.
B) It became the sole superpower.
C) It became Europe's creditor.
D) It became a debtor nation.

Question 16

What happened to the German territory in China after World War I ended?

A) Japan claimed it.
B) China regained it.
C) Germany colonized it.
D) It became a mandate.

Question 17

Which of the following strained Japan's relations with Western powers in the early 1940s?

A) Agreements that granted Japan a larger navy than Britain and the United States
B) The oil embargo Japan imposed on the United States,China,and Britain
C) Japanese military operations in Indochina,Malaya,Indonesia,and Burma
D) Japan's loss of the German sphere of influence in China to the United States

Question 18

What effect did World War II have on communism?

A) It discredited the international communist movement and the Soviet Union.
B) It transformed communism into a global movement committed to world peace.
C) It allowed communism to take root in the Middle East and Africa.
D) It enabled communist parties in Eastern Europe and China to assume power.

Question 19

Which of the following explains how an assassination in Austria-Hungary triggered World War I?

A) The spread of fascism and the fear of communism
B) The Great Depression and the League of Nations
C) The Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente
D) The practice of war socialism and trench warfare

Question 20

How did the emergence of Germany as a new nation-state affect the European political scene after 1870?

A) Germany provided stability and leadership.
B) Germany maintained the balance of power.
C) Germany's arrival disrupted the established order.
D) Germany quickly became the lone superpower.

Question 21

Which of the following contributed to Western European recovery after the devastation of World War II?

A) The ability of Western European countries to integrate their economies
B) The ability of Western European countries to exploit their colonies
C) The humanitarian and economic aid provided by the United Nations
D) The economic and political leadership exercised by the Soviet Union

Question 22

How did the American occupation of Japan after World War II affect the Japanese economy?

A) It transformed Japan into a producer of agricultural goods.
B) It required Japan to allocate half of its budget to military expenditures.
C) It promoted rapid economic growth and generated economic prosperity.
D) It made Japan a captive market for surplus American products.

Question 23

The set of reforms packaged as the New Deal was based on the belief that

A) high tariffs and state-run industries could end recession and depression.
B) government actions and spending programs could correct the market.
C) the economy would regulate itself through the market.
D) a state-controlled economy would promote economic growth.

Question 24

Which of the following resulted from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?

A) The wars in Asia and Europe merged into a single global war.
B) The war in Asia ended,allowing the Allies to focus on the war in Europe.
C) Japan was reduced to a third-rank power,with its empire in Asia destroyed.
D) The United States imposed an oil embargo on Japan but was open to negotiations.

Question 25

Which of the following characterized European and American culture in the 1920s?

A) A new consumerism
B) A deep conservatism
C) A radical militancy
D) A renewed spirituality

Question 26

Which of the following committed the United States to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union after World War II?

A) The European Union's Common Market
B) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
C) The United States of Europe
D) The League of Nations

Question 27

What happened to Europe's empires in Asia and Africa after the end of World War II?

A) European empires merged into a single global empire run by the United States.
B) European empires were dismantled by the military force of the United Nations.
C) European empires expanded as they absorbed the colonies of the Axis Powers.
D) European empires collapsed as colonies demanded and achieved independence.

Question 28

Japanese politics and society during the 1920s suggested that Japan favored

A) fascist politics and traditional values.
B) isolationist politics and military values.
C) democratic politics and Western culture.
D) religious politics and rural culture.

Question 29

Which of the following appealed to fascists?

A) Feminism
B) Democracy
C) Socialism
D) Nationalism

Question 30

Which of the following represents a response among many Latin American countries to the global repercussions of the Great Depression?

A) War socialism
B) Democratic socialism
C) Policies modeled on the New Deal
D) Import substitution industrialization