Deck 20: C: Empires in Collision Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia 1800-1914

Question 1

What could countries with a sphere of influence in China do within their respective spheres?

A) Collect tribute
B) Issue imperial edicts
C) Establish parliaments
D) Build railroads

Answer 1

Build railroads

Question 2

What did the Young Turks advocate?

A) A religious war against the West
B) A militantly secular Turkish state
C) A jihad against all non-Muslims
D) A regime based on Wahhabi principles

Answer 2

A militantly secular Turkish state

Question 3

Which of the following contributed to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century?

A) Disagreement among the European states on how to divide the Ottoman Empire among them
B) Nationalist-inspired independence movements in Greece,Serbia,Bulgaria,and Romania
C) Explosive population growth in the nineteenth century
D) Ottoman control of Afro-Eurasian commerce

Answer 3

Nationalist-inspired independence movements in Greece,Serbia,Bulgaria,and Romania

Question 4

In what respect were Qing China and the Ottoman Empire similar in the nineteenth century?

A) Both created industrial economies that made them equal to Europe.
B) Both successfully strengthened and centralized their states.
C) Both lost their independence to Japan in the late nineteenth century.
D) Both were semi-colonies within the informal empires of Europe.

Question 5

What was a result of the reform program launched by the Japanese leadership in the late nineteenth century?

A) The rejection of Western models in favor of Chinese models
B) The fall of the emperor and the restoration of the Tokugawa
C) A radical transformation of the social structure of Japan
D) The isolation of Japan from the rest of the world

Question 6

In light of what was happening to China as depicted in Map 19.1 in the textbook,which of the following phrases was used by many Chinese to describe their country during the nineteenth century?

A) "Heavenly kingdom of great peace"
B) "Revolution from above"
C) "The Middle Kingdom"
D) "Carved up like a melon"

Question 7

Which of the following characterizes Japanese colonial policies in Taiwan and Korea in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

A) Japanese colonialism was less harsh and exploitative than European colonialism.
B) Japanese colonialism matched or exceeded the brutality of European colonialism.
C) The Japanese granted equal rights and protections to colonial subjects.
D) The Japanese relinquished their colonies once the colonies had industrialized.

Question 8

How was the Taiping Uprising different from other peasant rebellions in China?

A) Its ideology was a unique form of Christianity.
B) Its goal was to restore an idealized Chinese society.
C) It proclaimed a millenarian religious message.
D) It drew upon a variety of peasant grievances.

Question 9

The capitulations between European countries and the Ottoman Empire were similar to the

A) spheres of influence in Japan.
B) Meiji Restoration in Japan.
C) unequal treaties between European countries and China.
D) defensive modernization programs in China and Japan.

Question 10

Islam retained a hold on Chinese civilization in the twentieth century more firmly than Confucianism did in China because Islamic civilization

A) defined loyalty in religious terms.
B) was linked to the Ottoman Empire.
C) promoted an elitist outlook.
D) had many independent centers.

Question 11

How did Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 affect the Ottoman Empire?

A) The Ottoman Empire lost Egypt as a province.
B) The core region of the Ottoman Empire came under French rule.
C) A massive peasant uprising erupted that nearly toppled the Ottoman Empire.
D) The Ottoman Empire was required to exempt the French from Ottoman law.

Question 12

Which of the following characterizes the goal of the Tanzimat reforms initiated by the Ottoman leadership in the mid-nineteenth century?

A) To strengthen the power of the Janissaries and give more autonomy to the ulama
B) To clarify and reaffirm the religious principles for a renewed Muslim state
C) To establish an economic,social,and legal base for a strong centralized state
D) To confirm the fundamentally Islamic character of the Ottoman Empire

Question 13

What was the significance of the opium trade in China in the nineteenth century?

A) It increased the tax revenue collected by China.
B) It resulted in a large flow of silver into China.
C) It reversed the trade imbalance in favor of Britain.
D) It lowered unemployment rates in rural China.

Question 14

Which of the following was a target for attack in the new nationalism that emerged in China at the turn of the twentieth century?

A) The Qing dynasty
B) Western science and technology
C) Western political practices
D) Educated Chinese

Question 15

Which of the following was an antiforeign movement that erupted in northern China at the turn of the twentieth century and seriously weakened the Qing dynasty?

A) The self-strengthening movement
B) The Hundred Days of Reform
C) The Boxer Uprising
D) The Taiping Uprising

Question 16

Which of the following was a goal of the Young Ottomans?

A) The overthrow of the Ottoman Empire and restoration of the caliphate
B) The replacement of the ulama by the reinvigorated Janissaries
C) The creation of a European-style parliamentary,constitutional regime
D) The creation of a theocratic state based on Islamic principles

Question 17

Which of the following contributed to China's problems in the nineteenth century?

A) The state's failure to maintain flood control and public security
B) The decline in the Chinese population in the past century
C) The expansion and bureaucratization of the central government
D) The weakening power of provincial officials and local gentry

Question 18

Critics of industrialization who argue that the Industrial Revolution was a failure generally base their interpretation on which of the following criterion?

A) Growth of national wealth
B) Preservation of the environment
C) Strengthening of state power
D) Transformation of society

Question 19

Which of the following reflects the goal of the policies introduced by the Chinese state in the 1860s and 1870s to address the problems facing China?

A) To restore free trade and diplomatic relations with European states
B) To reinvigorate China by selectively borrowing from the West
C) To redistribute land equally among the peasantry and landlords
D) To encourage the growth of an independent capitalist class

Question 20

Which of the following was a consequence of the Taiping Uprising?

A) The state initiated an effective and successful program of modernization.
B) The problems facing the peasantry were addressed and permanently resolved.
C) The Qing dynasty collapsed,leading to years of civil war and foreign invasion.
D) The provincial gentry consolidated their power at the expense of the central state.

Question 21

Which of the following reflects the combination of foreign and Japanese elements characteristic of Meiji reforms in the late nineteenth century?

A) "Civilization and Enlightenment"
B) Samuel Smiles's Self-Help
C) The Meiji constitution
D) The state cult of Shinto

Question 22

How did the leadership that emerged after the Meiji restoration in Japan respond to the threat of Western imperialism?

A) They fought a war against the United States.
B) They used Western models to transform Japan.
C) They looked to China for inspiration.
D) They initiated Confucian reforms.

Question 23

What did the United States expect to gain by sending a naval fleet to Japan in 1853?

A) The right to grow opium on Japanese soil
B) The acquisition of Japan as a U.S.colony
C) The right to fish in the waters surrounding Japan
D) The opening of Japanese ports for trade

Question 24

In what way was Japan in a better position than China or the Ottoman Empire in its encounter with Western imperialism?

A) Japan's samurai effectively repelled the Western powers.
B) Japan's location protected it from Western military forces.
C) Japan's vast resources enabled it to resist foreign aggression.
D) Japan was of less interest to the Western powers.

Question 25

Which of the following developments during the Tokugawa era provided a solid foundation for Japan's industrial growth in the late nineteenth century?

A) The high status of the samurai
B) The centralization of political authority
C) The urbanization of Japanese society
D) The power and prestige of the shogun

Question 26

The many rules and regulations issued by the Tokugawa shogunate reflect its goal to

A) freeze Japanese society in the interests of stability.
B) control the process of borrowing from Western culture.
C) encourage capitalism and industrialization in Japan.
D) play the Western powers against one another.

Question 27

Which of the following reflects how Japanese society was changing during the Tokugawa era?

A) The participation of samurai in commerce
B) The maintenance of a residence in Edo by daimyo
C) The creation of a national army loyal to the shogun
D) The autonomy enjoyed by daimyo over their domains

Question 28

In the nineteenth century,which group in the Ottoman Empire advocated a program of radical secularization and modernization along European lines?

A) Young Ottomans
B) Young Turks
C) The daimyo
D) Islamic modernists

Question 29

Which was the only country outside Europe and North America to launch its own Industrial Revolution successfully?

A) The Ottoman Empire
B) Korea
C) China
D) Japan

Question 30

Which of the following events established Japan as an economic,political,and military competitor in Asia?

A) The Russo-Japanese War
B) The self-strengthening movement
C) The Meiji restoration
D) The Taiping Uprising