Deck 20: B: Empires in Collision Europe, the Middle East, and East Asia 1800-1914

Question 1

What effect did nationalism have on China,the Ottoman Empire,and Japan in the nineteenth century?

Answer 1

•Nationalism in China was directed against Western imperialists;the Qing dynasty (its Manchu origins made it foreign);and aspects of Chinese traditional culture,especially Confucianism.
•In the ottoman Empire,nationalism inspired independence movements in Greece,Serbia,Bulgaria,and Romania,which all broke away from the ottoman Empire.
•ottoman identity came to be defined in terms of Turkish nationalism,especially under the Young Turks.
•In Japan,nationalism came to be identified with Shinto,which became the official state cult.

Question 2

How was Japan affected by the reform program that followed the Meiji restoration?

Answer 2

•The new regime attacked the power and privileges of both the daimyo and the samurai,replacing the daimyo domains with a system of prefectures,whose appointed governors were responsible to the central government.
•The old Confucian-based social order was effectively dismantled through the abolition of class restrictions on occupation,residence,marriage,and clothing.
•Limitations on travel and trade were removed.
•The study of the science and technology of the West and of its various political and constitutional arrangements;legal and educational systems;and dances,clothing,hairstyles,and literature was encouraged.
•Eventually,Japan began to borrow selectively from Western ideas and to combine foreign and Japanese elements in distinctive ways.
•A state-guided industrialization program took shape.

Question 3

How did the changes already underway in the Tokugawa era provide a foundation for Japan's industrialization in the late nineteenth century?

Answer 3

•The Tokugawa era was a period of economic growth,commercialization,and urban development.
•Entrepreneurial peasants used fertilizers and agricultural innovations to increase yields;they also engaged in rural manufacturing.
•Markets linked urban and rural areas.
•Literacy was relatively high.

Question 4

What did Japan's victory in the Russo-Japanese War mean for Japan,Russia,Western powers,and colonial subjects around the world?

Question 5

In what ways did the reforms implemented in the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century transform the Ottoman Empire from an Islamic to a secular state?

Question 6

How did opium affect China in the nineteenth century?

Question 7

In what ways were the political situations in China and the Ottoman Empire similar in the early twentieth century?

Question 8

What did the unequal treaties imposed on China and Japan by Western powers have in common with the capitulations between the Ottoman Empire and European states?

Question 9

In the nineteenth century,how did China's confrontation with Britain compare to Japan's confrontation with the United States?

Question 10

How were women's lives affected by the upheavals of the nineteenth century in China,the Ottoman Empire,and Japan?