Deck 17: Concepts of Growth and Development

Question 1

What defines development?

A)Physical change with increase in size
B)An increase in the complexity of function and skill progression
C)A sequence of physical changes related to genetic influences
D)The outward expression of the inner self

Answer 1

An increase in the complexity of function and skill progression

Question 2

A nurse is plotting the height and weight of children during a school assessment clinic.Which of the following best describes this aspect of the children's health?

A)Development
B)Health
C)Growth
D)Bone size

Answer 2

Growth

Question 3

Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate for a 16-year-old's stage of growth and development?

A)Controlling the client's environment so that her physical and psychological needs are met
B)Accepting the client's chosen lifestyle,regardless of how risky it may seem to the nurse
C)Assisting the client to develop strategies for resolving conflicts with family and peers
D)Helping the client's parents identify and meet any of the client's unmet needs

Answer 3

Assisting the client to develop strategies for resolving conflicts with family and peers

Question 4

Mr.Vandenhoff,59,a seriously ill client,says to the nurse,"I don't know how people manage to get through difficult times without their faith.It's where I get my strength." The nurse correctly associates this belief with which theorist?

A)Erikson
B)Westerhoff
C)Gilligan
D)Kohlberg

Question 5

A 3-year-old who is to be discharged the next morning asks,"When can I go home?" Which response demonstrates that the nurse is basing her response on the preconceptual phase of Piaget's cognitive development model?

A)"You will go home when the doctor says you may."
B)"You will be going home tomorrow."
C)"After you sleep tonight and wake up,you will go home."
D)"You can go after your morning breathing treatment."

Question 6

A toddler shows fear and begins to cry when her parent leaves her at daycare.According to Havighurst,which developmental task would this child be exhibiting?

A)Building wholesome attitudes toward oneself
B)Learning to get along with age-mates
C)Learning to relate emotionally
D)Achieving personal independence

Question 7

A mother questions the nurse about her 5-year-old daughter,Abigail,who has begun to masturbate.How should the nurse,familiar with Freud's stages of development,respond?

A)"All children are curious,but make sure Abigail knows that this behaviour might be offensive to others."
B)"You should probably consult a child psychologist if you are this concerned."
C)"Be sure to ask your physician about this at your next appointment."
D)"This behaviour is a normal part of Abigail's development."

Question 8

Shane,47,who has a terminal illness,is writing a journal of his favourite memories for his family to read after his death.According to Peck,this client is working through which of the following developmental tasks?

A)Body transcendence versus body preoccupation
B)Ego transcendence versus ego preoccupation
C)Ego differentiation versus work-role preoccupation
D)Integrity versus despair

Question 9

Instead of preparing for a class presentation,Jackie,a nursing student,went to a concert with several of her friends.What likely governed her behaviour?

A)Personality
B)Developmental task
C)Id
D)Superego

Question 10

While observing neonates in the newborn nursery,a nursing student notices that their heads are disproportionately larger than their extremities.What principle of growth and development does this illustrate?

A)Differentiated development
B)Asynchronous development
C)Proximal-to-distal growth and development
D)Cephalocaudal growth

Question 11

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,what describes the Electra complex?

A)A male child's attraction to the mother and hostility toward the father
B)Development of a sense of competence and perseverance
C)A female child's attraction to the father and hostility toward the mother
D)Fear of punishment and disrespect for authority

Question 12

In addition to occurring cephalocaudally,what is known about growth and development?

A)Certain stages of development are more critical than others.
B)Development begins as highly differentiated,or specific,responses.
C)Development proceeds from complex to simple acts,or from integrated to single acts.
D)During childhood,development proceeds more quickly than during infancy.

Question 13

Jules,21,has never lived away from his parents and feels unable to make decisions on his own.According to Freud's theory of development,Jules is fixated at which stage of development?

A)Phallic
B)Latency
C)Genital
D)Anal

Question 14

During an assessment of William,15 months of age,a nurse finds that he cannot stand next to furniture and does not try to pull himself up from a sitting position.William is lagging behind in which of the following processes?

A)Growth
B)Development
C)Height
D)Behaviour

Question 15

Alisha,5 years of age,is starting school and is being screened for certain developmental milestones.How a child interacts with other children is most influenced by which of the following factors?

A)Temperament
B)Physical characteristics
C)Environment
D)Culture

Question 16

Ria,a 20-month-old,is in hospital.Her nurse suspects that she is lagging behind in stage 6 of Piaget's phases of cognitive development.Which activity would support this?

A)Ria wants the same toy to sleep with during naptime and bedtime.
B)She merely watches as the other children pretend-play.
C)Ria cries when her parents leave the unit.
D)She does not co-operate with some of the treatments.

Question 17

Using Freud's developmental theory as a framework,which of the following clients would suffer the most impact developmentally?

A)Ben,a 3-day-old boy having a circumcision
B)Meesha,a 2-year-old girl having a cleft palate repaired
C)Tess,a 2-year-old girl having eye surgery
D)Asmir,a 4-year-old boy having a testicle repaired

Question 18

Eli,17,is being seen in the mental health clinic for antisocial behaviour.According to Erikson's stages of development,this client is having difficulty progressing with which task?

A)Initiative versus guilt
B)Industry versus inferiority
C)Intimacy versus isolation
D)Identity versus role confusion

Question 19

How does Havighurst (1972)characterize the six stages of growth and development?

A)Transformation stages
B)Maturational processes
C)Adaptive mechanisms
D)Developmental tasks

Question 20

A parent brings a child to the clinic with concerns about the child's inability to sit alone.The nurse explains that development is based on inborn timetables and the child will be able to meet this milestone at a specific time.The nurse is basing this information on which theory of growth and development?

A)Havighurst's theory
B)Attachment theory
C)Psychosocial theory
D)Biophysical theory

Question 21

A community health nurse is planning adult health education classes.According to Erikson's stages of development,the nurse must address which task with this age group?

A)Identity versus inferiority
B)Identity versus role confusion
C)Intimacy versus isolation
D)Generativity versus stagnation

Question 22

Nancy is a nurse who is working with the residents of an assisted living complex.What should she realize as being most important when planning care for the "old-old" stage of development?

A)Providing total physical care to all of the residents of this age group
B)Allowing as much independence for the residents as possible
C)Ensuring the provision of safety measures as needed
D)Maintaining peer interactions and social groups

Question 23

Molly,16 months of age,is brought into a clinic by her mother for a well-child checkup.According to Erikson's stages of development,which of the following would the nurse identify as an indicator of positive resolution of the central task of this age?

A)Molly does not cry when the nurse holds her.
B)She shows mistrust when strangers approach.
C)She becomes willful when disciplined.
D)Molly does not play with other children.

Question 24

In meeting the students' needs,many educators believe that they must also work to take care of themselves as well as their students.Which of Gilligan's stages does this ideal represent?

A)Stage 1
B)Stage 2
C)Stage 3
D)Stage 4

Question 25

Mr.Frenette tells the nurse that his son,Liam,20 months,is quite creative and learning how to pretend with "almost anything in the house." According to Piaget,which stage/phase does this describe?

A)Tertiary circular reaction : stage 5
B)Inventions of new means : stage 6
C)Preconceptual phase
D)Concrete operations phase

Question 26

A nurse educator is assisting students in addressing their clients' spiritual needs and understands that,as second-year students,they are aware of,or working towards,their own spiritual development.Fowler describes this stage as which of the following?

A)Mythic-lyrical
B)Intuitive-projective
C)Universalizing
D)Individuating-reflexive

Question 27

A nurse who is exploring the behaviour of children and how they interpret right from wrong or bad from good would best be served by studying which of the following theorists?

A)Vygotsky
B)Skinner
C)Kohlberg
D)Piaget

Question 28

A nurse is assisting Diedrich,11 years old,who is steadily,although reluctantly,learning how to use a peak flow metre to monitor his asthma.Which of the following is an appropriate statement by the nurse?

A)"You should feel very proud for understanding and using your metre."
B)"Think of using the metre as one of your daily chores."
C)"Maybe you could make a game out of the daily use of your meter."
D)"It's too bad if you don't want to use the metre,it's just something you'll have to do."