Deck 18: Development From Conception Through Adolescence

Question 1

A baby was born prematurely during the sixth month of pregnancy.The new parents question the nurse about the hair all over their baby's body.What is the nurse's best response?

A)"All babies are covered with this fine hair when they are born."
B)"Fine downy hair is called lanugo,and is normal in babies born prematurely."
C)"You should be more concerned with the baby's respiratory function."
D)"Don't worry about how the baby looks.All preemies look funny."

Answer 1

"Fine downy hair is called lanugo,and is normal in babies born prematurely."

Question 2

According to Erikson,what is the central developmental task of the preschooler (ages 4 to 5 years)?

A)Intimacy
B)Morality
C)Trust
D)Initiative

Answer 2

Initiative

Question 3

Anna,4,is in hospital and her parents are concerned because she has begun wetting the bed at night,although she had control of bowel and bladder prior to hospitalization.What do the parents need to be told?

A)A kidney specialist should be consulted,just to ensure there are no unknown renal problems.
B)Anna is going through regression because of the illness and being separated from her family.
C)Anna needs to know that this behaviour is not acceptable,and discipline may be needed.
D)This behaviour is not normal,and a child psychologist should assess Anna.

Answer 3

Anna is going through regression because of the illness and being separated from her family.

Question 4

Gaston,a 3-year-old,was doing well with his toilet training until last week when his newborn sister came home from the hospital.Since then,he has started soiling his clothes and demanding his mother's attention.To what can one attribute this behaviour?

A)A dislike for his new sibling
B)The imitation of the behaviours of his new sibling
C)A regressive response to the stress of new family configuration
D)Being neglected by his mother,whose attention is on the new baby

Question 5

The parents of Jack,3,who is in hospital,inform the nurse that their son says his prayers every night at bedtime.What would Fowler (1981)maintain about Jack's stage of spiritual development?

A)Jack may repeat a short prayer to conform to a ritual for praise and affection.
B)His own experience and imagination are mixed with his beliefs.
C)He understands spirituality through dramatic stories and myths.
D)Jack has an understanding of spirituality at a beginning level.

Question 6

The parents of toddler,Neena,2,are concerned about how messy she is when eating,so they feed her themselves.How should the nurse respond?

A)Tell them that feeding her themselves is probably best because it makes meal time more pleasant
B)Praise them for sharing meals as a family,which is most important
C)Teach them that motor skills improve with age,and to try to relax about the mess
D)Tell them that Neena will never learn if they do not let her experiment

Question 7

A school health nurse wants to address health concerns of high school students.Which of the following topics would be appropriate to present?

A)Warning signs of depression
B)Injury prevention
C)Cancer and heart disease
D)Normal physiological changes

Question 8

When the nurse strokes the sole of a two-year-old client's foot,the big toe rises and the other toes fan out.How should this be interpreted by the nurse?

A)Plantar reflex,which is abnormal for this age
B)Stepping reflex,which is normal for this age
C)Babinski reflex,which is abnormal for this age
D)Moro reflex,which is normal for this age

Question 9

New parents are concerned about the things their baby can do at the age of 8 months.The nurse might suggest screening the baby with which of the following?

A)Denver Developmental Screening Test
B)Standardized growth charts
C)Erikson's eight stages of development
D)Apgar scoring system

Question 10

The nurse palpates the anterior fontanelle of a 2-month-old client and finds that it is larger than when assessed at birth.How should the nurse interpret this finding?

A)Recognize this as a normal finding
B)Report this finding to the physician
C)Check the fontanelle again the next day
D)Watch for signs of increased intracranial pressure

Question 11

An infant is born with a heart rate of 92,its body pink,extremities blue,respirations regular,and crying while actively moving all arms and legs.What is the Apgar score for this infant?

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10

Question 12

A preschool class is being screened by a group of nursing students who are working in a community health course.Few of the children have 20/20 vision.Most have 20/30,and some have 20/40.What should the nursing students report to their instructor?

A)The children all have normal visual abilities.
B)Since they all have poor eyesight,their diet may be lacking in essential vitamins.
C)The children need to be re-assessed in a year for the possible need for glasses.
D)A different eye chart should be tried because the children may better understand it.

Question 13

Mrs.Pendergrast,32,is curious about what her newborn daughter,Beth,can see.What is the correct explanation by the nurse?

A)Babies are not able to see until they are about 4 months old.
B)Babies will track moving objects at approximately 5 months of age.
C)Newborns blink in response to bright lights and sound and will follow large objects.
D)Newborns are not able to focus on distant objects.

Question 14

Ms.Sawicki,23,has just experienced a spontaneous abortion.Which of the following factors would indicate that she is at risk for this to occur in a future pregnancy?

A)Previous teratogen exposure
B)Smoking
C)Maternal exercise
D)Genetic history

Question 15

Which of the following clients should the nurse recognize as having delayed development?

A)Maggie,a 6-week-old with a posterior fontanelle that is completely closed
B)Josh,4 months,who cannot sit unsupported
C)Latisha,a 1-year-old who clings to her mother in unfamiliar situations
D)Aito,16 months,who has not yet attempted to walk

Question 16

During the phase of Piaget's concrete operations,which of the following behaviours would you expect a child to manifest?

A)An increase in egocentric interactions
B)Most actions are reflexive
C)Learning why rocks don't float
D)Make-believe and pretend-play

Question 17

A 9-month-old infant is brought to the emergency department with seizures,an apical pulse of 76,and difficulty breathing.There are no external signs of injury,although the physician notes retinal hemorrhages.What do these findings indicate?

A)Amblyopia
B)Shaken baby syndrome
C)Failure to thrive
D)Infant colic

Question 18

What does the Apgar scoring system assess?

A)The physical condition of the newborn
B)Cognitive development of children up to age 11
C)Psychosocial development of children up to adolescence
D)Musculoskeletal development of infants and toddlers

Question 19

What would an infant be expected to weight at the age of 6 months,if the weight was 4 kg at birth?

A)5)5-6 kg
B)7)5-8 kg
C)8)5-9 kg
D)9)5-10 kg

Question 20

Ms.Ingraham,28,comes to the women's clinic,stating she has had a positive home pregnancy test,and that her last menstrual cycle was 2 months ago.At which point in the pregnancy is she?

A)Lunar phase
B)Second trimester
C)Third trimester
D)Embryonic phase

Question 21

A school nurse is working with teachers in helping them address the developmental needs of grade school students,utilizing Erikson's theory of industry versus inferiority.Which of the following activities would be appropriate?

A)Providing time for running and playing sports,such as basketball,to increase gross motor skills
B)Presenting diversity in culture and practices as part of classroom study
C)Allowing "pretend" time during their classes,like dress-up or role-playing
D)Helping them develop skills needed in the adult world,like allowance budgeting

Question 22

Ms.Kinder,22,asks the nurse why her newborn son's head seems lopsided and not round.How should the nurse respond?

A)Reassure her that the infant's head does not look unusual,and to avoid any undue worry
B)Explain that the head shape is caused by the birth canal,and will look round in a few days
C)Confirm that the head looks odd,and tell the mother that the physician will be notified
D)Explain that,once his hair grows out,the head shape will hardly be noticeable

Question 23

What is the primary form of non-suicidal self-harm most prevalent in adolescents?

A)Marijuana use
B)Eating disorders
C)Motor vehicle injuries
D)Cutting

Question 24

The assimilation of the attributes of others is one of four adaptive mechanisms of the preschooler,according to Freud (1923).What is the term used to define this mechanism?

A)Identification
B)Autonomy
C)Introjection
D)Repression

Question 25

During an auditory screening of third graders,the school nurse identifies a hearing deficit for one of the students.When the parents ask the nurse about the findings,how should the nurse respond?

A)"Hearing acuity is not fully developed in your child.We should re-check next year."
B)"I want to do a re-check at the clinic.Then we may have your child seen by an auditory specialist."
C)"It was too noisy when we were testing,so I wouldn't be concerned if I were you."
D)"Your child will probably need a hearing aid."

Question 26

The school nurse is teaching a group of parents and their teenage sons a class about puberty and sexual growth.A parent asks "Does fertility coincide with ejaculation?" How should the nurse respond?

A)"Yes,if a male is ejaculating,he also possesses fertility."
B)"You'll have to ask your physician about this since it is a sensitive subject."
C)"Fertility follows several months after the first ejaculation."
D)"Sexual maturity does not occur until age 18,so don't worry about anything until then."

Question 27

Melissa,14,spends most of her free time with friends or at school.Sharing their concerns about this behaviour with the school nurse,the parents are worried about their child seeming to draw away from them.What is the best approach to suggest to the parents?

A)Advise them to pay very close attention to Melissa's whereabouts
B)Suggest that they try to be extra-attentive when Melissa spends time at home
C)Suggest using tight guidelines for curfew and punishment if curfew is broken
D)Advise them to be aware of the dangers of teenage cliques

Question 28

What should the nurse include in teaching parents about toddlers' temper tantrums?

A)Make sure the child is safe,then walk away
B)Put the child in a room alone and ignore the tantrum
C)Try to be more attentive to the behaviours that lead into a tantrum
D)Hold the child tightly until he stops crying