Deck 3: Information Systems,organizations,and Strategy

Question 1

Mintzberg classifies a large bureaucracy existing in a slowly changing environment that produces standard products and is dominated by centralized management as a(n)________ bureaucracy.

A)machine
B)professional
C)divisionalized
D)multidivisional
E)ad hoc

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How are the technical and behavioral definitions of an organization different?

Answer 2

The behavioral definition of an organization is that it is a collection of rights,privileges,obligations,and responsibilities that is delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution.The technical definition sees an organization as an entity that takes inputs from the environment and processes these to create products that are then consumed by the environment.The technical view sees capital and labor as interchangeable units,with the ability to rearrange these units at will,whereas the behavioral view sees that rearranging some aspects of the organization,such as an information system,will have important consequences and changes for the organization's other units.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about organizations is not true?

A)An organization is a stable,formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs.
B)An organization is a formal,legal entity with internal rules and procedures that must abide by laws.
C)An organization is a collection of people and other social elements.
D)An informal group can be considered to be an organization.
E)An organization is a collection of rights,privileges,obligations,and responsibilities delicately balanced over a period of time through conflict and conflict resolution.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

All of the following statements are true about information technology's impact on business firms except:

A)it helps firms expand in size.
B)it helps firms lower the cost of market participation.
C)it helps reduce internal management costs.
D)it helps reduce transaction costs.
E)it helps reduce agency costs.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a divisionalized bureaucracy?

A)Startup firm
B)University
C)Fortune 500 firm
D)Midsize manufacturer
E)Consulting firm

Question 6

Which of the following technologies disrupted the traditional publishing industry?

A)Instant messaging
B)e-mail
C)Digital photography
D)PCs
E)World Wide Web

Question 7

A machine bureaucracy is a knowledge-based organization where goods and services depend on the expertise and knowledge of professionals.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about business processes is not true?

A)Business processes influence the relationship between an organization and information technology.
B)Business processes are a collection of standard operating procedures.
C)A business firm is a collection of business processes.
D)Business processes are usually ensconced in an organization's culture.
E)Business processes are typically unaffected by changes in information systems.

Question 9

When a firm buys on the marketplace what it cannot make itself,the costs incurred are referred to as:

A)switching costs.
B)network costs.
C)procurement.
D)agency costs.
E)transaction costs.

Question 10

According to the ________ definition of organizations,an organization is seen as a means by which capital and labor are transformed by the organization into outputs to the environment.

A)microeconomic
B)macroeconomic
C)sociotechnical
D)behavioral
E)psychological

Question 11

As discussed in the chapter opening case,which of the following statements about Starbucks is not true?

A)Starbucks strives to offer customers high-quality coffee,friendly servers,and customer friendly stores.
B)Starbucks plans to increase its online sales of coffee products using new technology.
C)Starbucks plans to use IT innovations to enhance the customer experience.
D)Starbucks is trying to create a unique customer experiences in stores.
E)Starbucks is planning to sell coffee,branded mugs,and espresso machines on its website.

Question 12

Under Mintzberg's classification of organizational structure,knowledge-based organizations fall under the category of:

A)entrepreneurial structures.
B)divisionalized bureaucracies.
C)professional bureaucracies.
D)adhocracies.
E)machine bureaucracies.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the technical view of organizations is not true?

A)It focuses on how inputs are combined to create outputs when technology changes are introduced into a company.
B)It sees capital and labor as being easily substituted for one another.
C)It emphasizes group relationships,values and structures.
D)It sees the organization as a social structure similar to a machine.
E)It sees the firm as being infinitely malleable.

Question 14

The interaction between information technology and organizations is influenced:

A)solely by the decision making of middle and senior managers.
B)by the development of new information technologies.
C)by many factors,including structure,politics,culture,and environment.
D)by two main macroeconomic forces: capital and labor.
E)by the rate of growth of the organization.

Question 15

All organizations have bedrock,unquestioned assumptions that define their goals and products.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a major feature of organizations that impacts the use of information systems?

A)Business processes
B)Environments
C)Structure of the organization
D)Agency costs
E)Leadership styles

Question 17

Along with capital,________ is the primary production input that the organization uses to create products and services.

A)structure
B)culture
C)politics
D)feedback
E)labor

Question 18

The divergent viewpoints about how resources,rewards,and punishments should be distributed,and the struggles resulting from these differences are known as organizational:

A)culture.
B)politics.
C)structure.
D)environments.
E)business processes.

Question 19

Routines are also called standard operating procedures.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about disruptive technologies is not true?

A)Disruptive technologies radically change the business landscape and environment.
B)Disruptive technologies may be substitute products that perform better than other products currently being produced.
C)Disruptive technologies may sometimes simply extend the marketplace.
D)Disruptive technologies may put entire industries out of business.
E)Firms that invent disruptive technologies as first movers always become market leaders.

Question 21

Which of the following best illustrates the use of information systems to focus on market niche?

A)A car manufacturer's website that lets you customize the features on the car you are purchasing.
B)A restaurant chain analyzing local sales figures to determine which menu items to serve.
C)A bookseller selling an e-book reader that reads only the bookseller's books.
D)A department store creating specialized products for preferred customers.
E)A clothes manufacturer expanding its offerings to new styles.

Question 22

According to research on organizational resistance,the four components that must be changed in an organization in order to successfully implement a new information system are:

A)environment,organization,structure,and tasks.
B)technology,people,culture,and structure.
C)organization,culture,management,and environment.
D)tasks,technology,people,and structure.
E)costs,tasks,structure,and management.

Question 23

In environmental scanning,a firm may use information systems to:

A)transform inputs into products and services.
B)analyze the performance of its intranet.
C)identify external events that may affect it.
D)keep track of the temperature within its data centers.
E)develop a unified organizational culture.

Question 24

According to agency theory,the firm is viewed as a(n):

A)unified,profit-maximizing entity.
B)task force organization that must respond to rapidly changing environments.
C)entrepreneurial endeavor.
D)"nexus of contracts" among self-interested individuals.
E)entrepreneurial structure.

Question 25

The four major competitive strategies are:

A)low-cost leadership,substitute products and services,customers; and suppliers.
B)low-cost leadership,product differentiation,focus on market niche,and customer and supplier intimacy.
C)new market entrants,substitute products and services,customers,and suppliers.
D)low-cost leadership,new market entrants,product differentiation,and focus on market niche.
E)customers,suppliers,new market entrants,and substitute products.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a true statement about value webs?

A)Value webs involve a collection of independent firms that use information technology to coordinate their value chains.
B)Value webs are more customer-driven than traditional value chains.
C)Value webs operate in a less linear fashion than traditional value chains.
D)Value webs are inflexible and cannot adapt quickly to changes in supply and demand.
E)Value webs involve highly synchronized industry value chains.

Question 27

Amazon's use of the Internet as a platform to sell books more efficiently than traditional bookstores illustrates which of the following strategies?

A)Low-cost leadership
B)Marketing effectiveness
C)Focusing on market niche
D)Strengthening supplier intimacy
E)Developing synergies

Question 28

Which of the following marketplace forces would be of least concern to a manufacturer of deep-sea oil rigs?

A)Product differentiation
B)Traditional competitors
C)Low number of suppliers
D)New market entrants
E)Low number of customers

Question 29

Which of the following industries has the lowest barrier to entry?

A)Automotive
B)Computer chip
C)Solar energy
D)Airline
E)Small retailer

Question 30

All of the following are IT-enabled products and services providing competitive advantage except:

A)Amazon's one-click shopping.
B)Apple's iTunes.
C)Ping's golf club customization.
D)PayPal's online person-to-person payment system.
E)Nike's use of celebrities to market their products.

Question 31

Firms use a ________ strategy to provide a specialized product or service for a narrow target market better than competitors.

A)product differentiation
B)market niche
C)mass customization
D)process efficiency
E)low-cost leadership

Question 32

Walmart's continuous replenishment system allows it to do all of the following except:

A)provide mass customization.
B)transmit orders to restock directly to its suppliers.
C)keep costs low.
D)better meet customer demands.
E)fine-tune merchandise availability.

Question 33

Walmart's continuous replenishment system is an example of a firm using information systems to:

A)strengthen ties to its customers.
B)simplify the industry value chain.
C)develop synergies.
D)focus on market niche.
E)achieve low-cost leadership.

Question 34

All of the following are competitive forces in Porter's model except:

A)suppliers.
B)new market entrants.
C)disruptive technologies.
D)customers.
E)substitute products.

Question 35

The ability to offer individually tailored products or services using the same production resources as bulk production is known as:

A)mass marketing.
B)micromarketing.
C)micro customization.
D)niche customization.
E)mass customization.

Question 36

Which of the following substitute products would be of most concern for a cable TV distributor?

A)Streaming music services
B)Broadcast TV
C)Satellite radio
D)On-demand Internet television
E)Terrestrial radio

Question 37

List three organizational factors that can prevent a firm in fully realizing the benefits of a new information system,and provide examples for each.

Question 38

Which model is used to describe the interaction of external forces that affect an organization's strategy and ability to compete?

A)Network economics model
B)Competitive forces model
C)Competitive advantage model
D)Demand control model
E)Agency costs model

Question 39

What is agency theory? How does information technology enable a firm to reduce agency costs?

Question 40

A firm can exercise greater control over its suppliers by having:

A)more suppliers.
B)fewer suppliers.
C)global suppliers.
D)local suppliers.
E)only a single supplier.

Question 41

Information systems enhance core competencies by:

A)providing better reporting facilities.
B)creating educational opportunities for management.
C)allowing operational employees to interact with management.
D)encouraging the sharing of knowledge across business units.
E)fostering synergies among departments.

Question 42

The Internet increases the bargaining power of customers by:

A)creating new opportunities for building loyal customer bases.
B)making more products available.
C)making information available to everyone.
D)lowering transaction costs.
E)enabling the development of new services.

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of synergy in business?

A)Amazon's use of the Internet to sell books
B)Bank of America acquiring Countrywide Financial Corporation to reach a large pool of new customers
C)Blockbuster combining traditional video rental with online video rental
D)Walmart's order entry and inventory management system to coordinate with suppliers
E)Nike's use of technology to improve its product offerings

Question 44

A virtual company:

A)uses networks to link people,assets,and ideas.
B)uses Internet technology to maintain a virtual storefront.
C)uses Internet technology to maintain a networked community of users.
D)provides entirely Internet-driven services or virtual products.
E)is limited by traditional organizational boundaries.

Question 45

In network economics,the value of a commercial software vendor's software products:

A)increases as more people use them.
B)decreases as more people use them.
C)increases due to higher marginal gain in output.
D)decreases according to the law of diminishing returns.
E)is unrelated to the number of people that use them.

Question 46

The ________ model highlights the primary or support activities that add a margin of value to a firm's products or services where information systems can best be applied to achieve a competitive advantage.

A)competitive forces
B)value chain
C)bargaining power
D)new entrant
E)rivalry

Question 47

The idea that the more any given resource is applied to production,the lower the marginal gain in output,until a point is reached where the additional inputs produce no additional value,is referred to as:

A)the point of no return.
B)the law of diminishing returns.
C)supply and demand.
D)network inelasticity.
E)virtual economics.

Question 48

The most successful solutions or methods for achieving a business objective are called:

A)value activities.
B)best processes.
C)core competencies.
D)best practices.
E)benchmarks.

Question 49

Which of the following would a company employ to measure and compare its business processes to similar processes of other companies within their industry?

A)Benchmarking
B)Best practices
C)Value chain analysis
D)Strategic systems analysis
E)Secondary activities

Question 50

The value chain model:

A)categorizes five related advantages for adding value to a firm's products or services.
B)sees the supply chain as the primary activity for adding value.
C)categorizes four basic strategies a firm can use to enhance its value chain.
D)highlights specific activities in the business where competitive strategies can best be applied.
E)enables more effective product differentiation.

Question 51

Which of the following is a support activity in a firm's value chain?

A)Inbound logistics
B)Operations
C)Sales and marketing
D)Service
E)Technology

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a keystone firm within a business ecosystem?

A)Apple and the mobile platform ecosystem
B)GUESS and the fashion ecosystem
C)Citibank and the ATM ecosystem
D)American Airlines and the computerized reservation ecosystem
E)Nike and the athletic apparel ecosystem

Question 53

When two organizations pool markets and expertise that result in lower costs and generate profits,they are creating:

A)a value web.
B)a value chain.
C)net marketplaces.
D)core competencies.
E)synergies.

Question 54

Which of the following represent the primary activities of a firm?

A)Inbound logistics,operations,outbound logistics,sales and marketing,and service
B)Inbound logistics,operations,outbound logistics,technology,and service
C)Procurement,inbound logistics,operations,technology,and outbound logistics
D)Procurement,operations,technology,sales and marketing,and services
E)Organization infrastructure,human resources,technology,and procurement

Question 55

The expenses incurred by a customer or company in lost time and resources when changing from one supplier or system to a competing supplier or system are known as:

A)retention costs.
B)preservation costs.
C)differentiation costs.
D)switching costs.
E)variation costs.

Question 56

Hilton Hotels uses its OnQ system for which of the following purposes?

A)To lower its operating costs
B)To benchmark its progress against competitors
C)To create synergies with its suppliers
D)To take advantage of network economics
E)To estimate each guest's profitability and give additional privileges to profitable customers

Question 57

Which of the following statements about network economics is not true?

A)Uber is an example of a business model that is based on the principle of network economics.
B)The law of diminishing returns does not always apply to every situation.
C)From a network economics perspective,the value of a community of people grows as the number of participants in the community increases.
D)Information technology can be strategically useful from a network economics perspective.
E)In network economics,the marginal cost of adding new members to the network is higher than the marginal gain.

Question 58

________ is a competitive strategy for creating brand loyalty by developing new and unique products and services that are not easily duplicated by competitors.

A)Product differentiation
B)Low-cost leadership
C)Focusing on market niche
D)Strengthening customer intimacy
E)Strengthening supplier intimacy

Question 59

Which of the following is a competitive force challenging the publishing industry?

A)Positioning and rivalry among competitors
B)Low cost of entry
C)Substitute products or services
D)Customers' bargaining power
E)Suppliers' bargaining power

Question 60

Information systems can be used at the industry level to achieve strategic advantage by:

A)building industrywide,IT-supported consortia and symposia.
B)raising the bargaining power of suppliers.
C)encouraging the entry of new competitors.
D)enforcing standards that reduce the differences between competitors.
E)decreasing switching costs.

Question 61

The effect of the Internet has been to increase the bargaining power of customers.

Question 62

Switching costs increase when customers are strongly linked to products and platforms.

Question 63

The value chain model classifies all company activities as either primary or support activities.

Question 64

High product differentiation is a sign of a transparent marketplace.

Question 65

A company's competitive advantages ultimately translate into higher stock market valuations than its competitors.

Question 66

Customers are one of the competitive forces that affect an organization's ability to compete.

Question 67

Mass customization offers individually tailored products or services using the same resources as mass production.

Question 68

A(n)________ is an activity for which a firm is a world-class leader.

A)expertise area
B)competitive advantage
C)growth driver
D)efficiency
E)core competency

Question 69

Smart products are an example of the Internet of Things.

Question 70

An efficient customer response system directly links consumer behavior to distribution,production,and supply chains.

Question 71

The parts of an organization's infrastructure,human resources,technology,and procurement that make the delivery of the firm's products or services possible are known as ________ activities.

A)primary
B)auxiliary
C)secondary
D)service
E)support

Question 72

Why does Amazon need to worry about competitors in online shopping?

A)E-commerce is affected by the law of diminishing returns.
B)Internet technologies are universal,and therefore usable by all companies.
C)Internet shopping produces cost transparency.
D)The Internet enables the production or sales of substitute products or services.
E)The Internet increases switching costs.

Question 73

When the output of some units in a firm can be used as inputs to other units,synergies develop,which can lower costs and generate profits.

Question 74

The term business ecosystem describes the loosely coupled but interdependent networks of suppliers,distributors,outsourcing firms,transportation service firms,and technology manufacturers.

Question 75

According to the network economics perspective,the more people offering products on eBay's site,the greater the value of the site to all who use it.

Question 76

A(n)________ is a collection of independent firms that use information technology to coordinate their value chains to collectively produce a product or service for a market.

A)value chain
B)support web
C)value web
D)consortium
E)net marketplace

Question 77

The competitive forces model cannot be used to analyze modern digital firms which face new competitive forces that are not true of traditional firms.

Question 78

In the value chain model,support activities are most directly related to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services,which create value for the customer.

Question 79

Information systems are used to enable new products and services via product differentiation.

Question 80

A firm can be said to have competitive advantage when it has access to resources that others do not.