Deck 47: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Most mental health workers today take the view that disordered behaviors

A) are usually genetically triggered.
B) are organic diseases.
C) arise from the interaction of nature and nurture.
D) are the product of learning.

Answer 1

arise from the interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 2

After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive, dependent type" and "frightened of his own aggressive impulses." This study best illustrated the

A) dangers of dissociative identity disorder.
B) unreliability of the DSM-5.
C) biasing power of diagnostic labels.
D) shortcomings of the social-cognitive perspective.

Answer 2

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

Question 3

After George learned that Mrs. Min suffered from schizophrenia, he mistakenly concluded that her tendencies to laugh easily and smile frequently were symptoms of her disorder. This best illustrates the

A) unreliability of DSM-5.
B) shortcomings of the medical model.
C) biasing power of diagnostic labels.
D) dangers of the biopsychosocial approach.

Answer 3

biasing power of diagnostic labels.

Question 4

Mental health workers use the DSM-5's "diagnostic criteria and codes" to

A) guide medical diagnoses.
B) define who is eligible for treatments.
C) define who can receive medication.
D) do all of these things.

Question 5

Which of the following is true concerning a "clinically significant disturbance"?

A) It has had the same meaning since behavior was first studied.
B) It interferes with normal day-to-day life.
C) It involves an intense emotion but does not affect normal activities.
D) It does not involve feelings of distress.

Question 6

Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of

A) DID.
B) OCD.
C) PTSD.
D) ADHD.

Question 7

Which of the following statements concerning the labeling of disordered behaviors is NOT true?

A) Labels interfere with effective treatment of psychological disorders.
B) Labels promote research studies of psychological disorders.
C) Labels may create preconceptions that bias people's perceptions.
D) Labels may influence behavior by creating self-fulfilling prophecies.

Question 8

The view that all behavior arises from the interaction of heredity and environment is referred to as the ________ approach.

A) biopsychosocial
B) psychodynamic
C) medical
D) conditioning

Question 9

An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by

A) linkage analysis.
B) a biopsychosocial approach.
C) the medical model.
D) the learning perspective.

Question 10

The fact that disorders such as schizophrenia are universal and influenced by heredity, whereas other disorders such as anorexia nervosa are culture-bound provides evidence for the ________ model of psychological disorders.

A) medical
B) biopsychosocial
C) social-cultural
D) psychoanalytic

Question 11

Ongoing patterns of behavior that interfere with normal day-to-day life are best characterized as

A) deviant.
B) antisocial.
C) dysfunctional.
D) catatonic.

Question 12

A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the

A) DID.
B) medical model.
C) DSM-5.
D) biopsychosocial approach.

Question 13

Alexis is socially withdrawn and has few close friends. This behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as a symptom of psychological disorder if it is

A) also noticeable in other members of her family.
B) preventing her from functioning effectively.
C) not caused by a biological disorder.
D) difficult for her to change.

Question 14

Although Adderall is a ________ drug, it is commonly used in the treatment of ________.

A) stimulant; PTSD
B) stimulant; ADHD
C) depressant; PTSD
D) depressant; ADHD

Question 15

At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of

A) psychoanalytic theory.
B) the DSM-5.
C) the medical model.
D) linkage analysis.

Question 16

(Thinking Critically) The term insanity refers to

A) legal definitions.
B) psychotic disorders only.
C) personality disorders only.
D) both psychotic disorders and personality disorders.

Question 17

The criteria for classifying behavior as psychologically disordered

A) vary from culture to culture.
B) vary from time to time.
C) vary by culture and with time.
D) have remained largely unchanged over the course of history.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the medical model?

A) In recent years, it has been in large part discredited.
B) It views psychological disorders as sicknesses that are diagnosable and treatable.
C) It emphasizes the role of psychological factors in disorders over that of physiological factors.
D) It focuses on cognitive factors.

Question 19

Our early ancestors commonly attributed disordered behavior to

A) "bad blood."
B) evil spirits.
C) brain injury.
D) laziness.

Question 20

Evidence of environmental effects on psychological disorders is seen in the fact that certain disorders, such as ________, are universal, whereas others, such as ________, are culture-bound.

A) schizophrenia; depression
B) depression; schizophrenia
C) antisocial personality; neurosis
D) depression; anorexia nervosa

Question 21

Both the inseparability of mind and body and the interaction of nature and nurture are most clearly emphasized by

A) DSM-5.
B) the medical model.
C) the learning perspective.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 22

Dysfunctional behaviors are maladaptive, which means that they

A) interfere with normal day-to-day life.
B) are socially unacceptable.
C) differ from those of most other people in your culture.
D) can result only from genetic changes.

Question 23

The DSM-5's new diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A) will clearly help parents who struggle with unstable children.
B) will turn temper tantrums into a mental disorder.
C) will lead to overmedication.
D) is controversial because its effect is as yet unknown.

Question 24

Larry has difficulty organizing his daily schedule of work responsibilities. He often makes careless mistakes or fails to complete his work because he is easily distracted. Larry's behavior is most characteristic of

A) social anxiety disorder.
B) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 25

The medical model of psychologically disordered behavior is most likely to be criticized for neglecting the importance of

A) social circumstances and psychological factors.
B) biological evolution.
C) the DSM-5.
D) genetically influenced abnormalities.

Question 26

DSM-5 focuses on clinicians' reports of observable behavior in order to

A) facilitate the reliability of diagnoses.
B) shorten the time it takes to make a diagnosis.
C) avoid invading clients' psychological privacy.
D) reduce the need for medical terminology in psychological assessments.

Question 27

According to the medical model, psychological disorders are

A) sicknesses that need to be diagnosed and in most cases cured.
B) maladaptive responses to a troubling environment.
C) purely imaginary symptoms of distress.
D) learned habits that need to be extinguished.

Question 28

Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are major symptoms of

A) OCD.
B) PTSD.
C) ADHD.
D) DID.

Question 29

Some psychological disorders occur primarily in one culture. However, ________ occurs worldwide.

A) dissociative identity disorder
B) anorexia nervosa
C) schizophrenia
D) susto

Question 30

ADHD is diagnosed ________ often in girls than in boys. In the decade after 1987, a(n) ________ proportion of American children have been treated for this disorder.

A) more; increasing
B) less; decreasing
C) more; decreasing
D) less; increasing

Question 31

Professor McIntosh emphasizes that depression often involves the interactive influences of self-focused rumination, rejection from others, and low serotonin levels. The professor's emphasis best illustrates

A) the medical model.
B) the learning perspective.
C) linkage analysis.
D) a biopsychosocial approach.

Question 32

The discovery that psychologically disordered behavior could result from syphilis infections facilitated the credibility and acceptance of

A) psychoanalytic theory.
B) the medical model.
C) DSM-5.
D) the social-cognitive perspective.

Question 33

Mental health workers label behavior as disordered when it

A) is aggressive, persistent, and intentional.
B) is selfish, habitual, and avoidable.
C) represents a significant dysfunction in a person's cognitions, emotions, or behaviors.
D) is biologically influenced, unconsciously motivated, and difficult to change.

Question 34

Behavior is classified as disordered when it represents a significant dysfunction in

A) an individual's cognitions.
B) an individual's emotions.
C) an individual's behaviors.
D) all of these aspects.

Question 35

The DSM-5 is most clearly designed to ________ psychological disorders.

A) explain
B) classify
C) cure
D) prevent

Question 36

APA's diagnostic manual is used for several purposes, including

A) descriptions of disorders.
B) estimates of how often a disorder occurs.
C) determining who is eligible for treatment.
D) all of these purposes.

Question 37

Which of the following disorders most often coexists with a learning disorder or with defiant and temper-prone behavior?

A) panic disorder
B) anorexia nervosa
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder
D) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Question 38

It would be most difficult to use the ________ to explain why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in Western cultures.

A) learning perspective
B) medical model
C) social-cognitive perspective
D) biopsychosocial approach

Question 39

The DSM-5 does NOT

A) include a classification of personality disorders.
B) explain the causes of the various psychological disorders.
C) include a very broad range of psychological disorders.
D) provide reliable guidelines for diagnosing psychological disorders.

Question 40

The major problem associated with explanations of psychological disorders in terms of demon possession is that these explanations

A) were relevant only to severe disorders such as schizophrenia.
B) encouraged many to believe there was no such thing as insanity.
C) led to some harsh and ineffective remedial treatments.
D) relieved people of personal responsibility for their own behavior.

Question 41

A World Health Organization study of 14 countries estimated that ________ had the highest prevalence of mental disorders during the prior year.

A) Japan
B) Germany
C) Mexico
D) the United States

Question 42

David Rosenham and his fellow researchers were admitted as patients into various hospitals after they falsely complained of auditory hallucinations. After hospital clinicians analyzed these patients' quite normal life histories, the

A) patients were typically discharged from the hospital in less than a day after admission.
B) clinicians refused to prescribe any medications for these patients.
C) patients actually began to experience auditory hallucinations.
D) clinicians identified patient life history dynamics that contributed to a psychological disorder.

Question 43

Among women, the stresses and demoralization of poverty are especially likely to precipitate

A) ADHD.
B) depression.
C) schizophrenia.
D) dissociative disorders.

Question 44

A newspaper editorialist argues that the use of DSM-5 diagnostic labels is destructively antidemocratic, because it enables an elite corps of mental health professionals to subtly control the values and lifestyles of the rest of society. First give reasons supporting this argument, then defend the continued use of diagnostic labels.

Question 45

Clinicians diagnose the presence of a personality disorder using the ________ in the DSM-5.

A) biological predispositions identified
B) diagnostic criteria and codes
C) biopsychosocial levels of analysis
D) cultural definitions of disorder

Question 46

The ability of mental health professionals to quickly communicate the characteristics of their patients' complex symptoms is most clearly facilitated by the use of

A) linkage analysis.
B) diagnostic labels.
C) the medical model.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 47

A deluded Scotsman, Daniel M'Naughten, tried to assassinate a government official in 1843. He was sent to a mental hospital rather than to a prison because he was judged to

A) have schizophrenia.
B) be depressed.
C) be manic.
D) be insane.

Question 48

DSM-5 is most likely to be criticized for

A) attempting to explain behavior by simply labeling it.
B) classifying an excessively broad range of human behaviors as psychologically disordered.
C) failing to base diagnoses on observable behaviors.
D) inhibiting scientific efforts to discover the underlying causes of psychological disorders.

Question 49

When children are told that certain classmates have learning disabilities, they may behave in ways that inhibit the success of those students in the classroom. This best illustrates the dangers of

A) the medical model.
B) linkage analysis.
C) self-fulfilling prophecies.
D) the psychoanalytic perspective.

Question 50

A fundamental problem with the diagnostic labeling of psychologically disordered behaviors is that the labels often

A) bias our perceptions of the labeled person.
B) represent attempts by psychologists to explain behavior by simply naming it.
C) interfere with effective research on the causes of these disorders.
D) interfere with effective treatment of these disorders.