Deck 39: Promoting Health

Question 1

A study in which Holocaust survivors spent time recalling their experiences found that

A) most did not truthfully report feelings and events.
B) all survivors experienced a sustained increase in blood pressure until they finished talking about their experiences.
C) those who were most self-disclosing later had the most improved health.
D) all the survivors denied undergoing concentration camp horrors.

Answer 1

those who were most self-disclosing later had the most improved health.

Question 2

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor is known as

A) psychoneuroimmunology.
B) biofeedback.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) spontaneous remission.

Answer 2

problem-focused coping.

Question 3

Which of the following was NOT suggested as a possible explanation of the faith factor in health?

A) Having a coherent worldview is a buffer against stress.
B) Religious people tend to have healthier lifestyles.
C) Those who are religious have stronger networks of social support.
D) Because they are more affluent, religiously active people receive better health care.

Answer 3

Because they are more affluent, religiously active people receive better health care.

Question 4

Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the text as a potential health benefit of exercise?

A) Exercise can increase ability to cope with stress.
B) Exercise can lower blood pressure.
C) Exercise can reduce stress, depression, and anxiety.
D) Exercise improves functioning of the immune system.

Question 5

Whether a health care treatment is mainstream medicine or an alternative medicine depends on whether the treatment has been

A) frequently used and is currently popular.
B) administered by a licensed MD.
C) scientifically validated as effective.
D) used for diseases that are curable.

Question 6

To alleviate the stress of losing her job, Alicia enrolled in a work retraining program that led to full-time employment. Alicia's behavior best illustrates

A) learned helplessness.
B) a fight-or-flight reaction.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) a Type A profile.

Question 7

People tend to use emotion-focused coping rather than problem-focused coping when they

A) believe they cannot change a stressful situation.
B) appraise a stressful event as a challenge rather than a threat.
C) enter the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome.
D) deal with the stress of daily hassles such as obnoxious cell-phone talkers.

Question 8

Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing a stressor or how we interact with it is an example of

A) problem-focused coping.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) managing rather than coping with stress.
D) catharsis.

Question 9

(Thinking Critically) Acupuncture, aromatherapy, and homeopathy are forms of

A) psychophysiological medicine.
B) complementary and alternative medicine.
C) Chi therapy.
D) psychosomatic medicine.

Question 10

Aerobic exercise has been most closely linked to a decrease in

A) lymphocyte production.
B) depression.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) the production of endorphins.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of biofeedback training?

A) A person is given sensory feedback for a subtle body response.
B) Biological functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system may come under conscious control.
C) The accompanying relaxation is much the same as that produced by other, simpler methods of relaxation.
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 12

Compared with the unmarried, people in low-conflict marriages are more likely to

A) live longer.
B) engage in stress appraisal.
C) experience elevated blood sugar.
D) display a general adaptation syndrome.

Question 13

Amanda is stressed out because she thinks she's too socially inept to make friends with her new classmates. Amanda best illustrates the debilitating effects of

A) spontaneous remission.
B) a Type A personality.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) pessimism.

Question 14

Religiously active AIDS patients ________ than do their nonreligious counterparts.

A) survive longer
B) have more depressed moods
C) have higher stress hormone levels
D) exhibit fewer problem-focused coping skills

Question 15

Social support ________ our ability to cope with stressful events.

A) has no effect on
B) usually increases
C) usually decreases
D) has an unpredictable effect on

Question 16

Research has demonstrated that as a predictor of health and longevity, religious involvement

A) has a small, insignificant effect.
B) is more accurate for women than men.
C) is more accurate for men than women.
D) rivals nonsmoking and exercise.

Question 17

Aerobic exercise ________ the body's production of serotonin and ________ its production of the endorphins.

A) decreases; decreases
B) increases; increases
C) decreases; increases
D) increases; decreases

Question 18

When "executive" and "subordinate" rats received simultaneous electric shocks, the ________ rat was subsequently more likely to develop ________.

A) "subordinate"; ulcers
B) "executive"; heart disease
C) "executive"; hypertension
D) "subordinate"; immunity to disease

Question 19

After breaking up with her boyfriend, Kathy alleviated her stress by avoiding contact with her ex-boyfriend and by planning recreational activities with her best girlfriend. Kathy's behavior best illustrates

A) an optimistic outlook on life.
B) spontaneous remission.
C) a Type B personality.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 20

A diminished sense of self, space, and time is most likely to be associated with

A) spontaneous remission.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) meditative relaxation.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 21

Activities such as jogging or swimming are forms of

A) stress appraisal.
B) relaxation.
C) aerobic exercise.
D) biofeedback.

Question 22

Addressing stressors with problem-focused coping would be most characteristic of those with

A) a Type B personality.
B) personal control.
C) a pessimistic outlook.
D) a fight-or-flight reaction.

Question 23

Social support helps to promote cardiovascular health by

A) lowering blood pressure.
B) inhibiting macrophage activity.
C) reducing the production of T lymphocytes.
D) redistributing bloodflow from internal organs to skeletal muscles.

Question 24

After stockbrokers who lived alone had adopted a pet cat or dog, they were able to face stress with less ________ than their counterparts without pets.

A) blood pressure increase
B) emotion-focused coping
C) production of lymphocytes
D) problem-focused coping

Question 25

The genes in muscle cells that are not activated by exercise produce lower quantities of proteins, which leaves us susceptible to

A) type 2 diabetes.
B) cardiovascular disease.
C) cancer.
D) all of these diseases.

Question 26

To alleviate the stress he feels after failing a college course, Jeremy seeks social support from his friends and family. Jeremy's behavior best illustrates

A) a Type A personality.
B) a Type B personality.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 27

During the first few weeks of law school, students were observed to have stronger immune systems if they

A) lacked NK cells.
B) were optimistic.
C) had high blood sugar levels.
D) utilized complementary and alternative medicine.

Question 28

British civil service workers in executive positions live longer than those in clerical positions. This best illustrates the value of

A) spontaneous remission.
B) perceived control.
C) the general adaptation syndrome.
D) emotion-focused coping.

Question 29

Rats that received electric shocks were unlikely to develop ulcers if the

A) shocks were systematically associated with the delivery of appetizing food.
B) shocks were quickly terminated by the experimenter.
C) rats could control the termination of the shocks.
D) shocks became a routine part of the rats' daily life.

Question 30

Mildly depressed female college students assigned to a program of ________ reported a greater decrease in depression than those assigned to a program of ________.

A) problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping
B) biofeedback; meditation
C) aerobic exercise; relaxation exercises
D) acupuncture; cognitive therapy

Question 31

Elderly nursing home residents tend to decline faster and die sooner than they would otherwise if they lack

A) biofeedback.
B) alternative medicine.
C) perceived control.
D) Type A personalities.

Question 32

People who laugh a lot have exhibited a lower incidence of

A) cancer.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) heart disease.
D) problem-focused coping.

Question 33

Undergraduate women who had been sexually abused as children were especially likely to report health problems if they had

A) grown up in a religious family.
B) kept the abuse a secret.
C) been victimized before age 5.
D) been victimized by a stranger rather than by a close relative.

Question 34

Which of the following is most likely to foster stronger immune functioning?

A) carcinogens
B) social support
C) a Type A personality
D) reduced lymphocyte levels

Question 35

Aerobic exercise is associated with

A) increased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of the endorphins.
B) decreased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins.
C) increased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins.
D) decreased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of the endorphins.

Question 36

Alex experiences little stress because he expects things to work out the way he wants them to. This best illustrates the value of

A) a Type A personality.
B) spontaneous remission.
C) optimism.
D) the general adaptation syndrome.

Question 37

A perceived loss of control is associated with ________ epinephrine levels and ________ lymphocyte activity.

A) increased; decreased
B) decreased; increased
C) increased; increased
D) decreased; decreased

Question 38

Evidence suggests that ________ may foster neurogenesis.

A) meditation
B) optimism
C) social support
D) aerobic exercise

Question 39

A loss of perceived control tends to result in

A) low blood pressure.
B) reduced immune responses.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) low blood sugar levels.

Question 40

Vanessa alleviated some of the stress associated with the death of her husband by becoming more actively engaged in her work. Her response best illustrates

A) a fight-or-flight reaction.
B) biofeedback.
C) emotion-focused coping.
D) a Type B personality.

Question 41

The natural disappearance of a disease is called

A) spontaneous remission.
B) the spillover effect.
C) psychoneuroimmunology.
D) the general adaptation syndrome.

Question 42

During meditative relaxation, a part of the ________ lobe that tracks where we are in space is ________ active than usual.

A) frontal; less
B) parietal; less
C) frontal; more
D) parietal; more

Question 43

One possible explanation for the longer life expectancy of religiously active people is that

A) they respond to stress with higher blood pressure.
B) they have Type A personalities.
C) their sympathetic nervous system responds to stress with greater arousal.
D) they receive more social support.

Question 44

One study of migraine headache patients found that the majority of those who received "sham acupuncture" enjoyed relief. The patients' pain relief is most likely attributable to

A) a decrease in lymphocyte production.
B) an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.
C) problem-focused coping.
D) the placebo effect.

Question 45

Homeopathy and herbal remedies are forms of

A) CAM.
B) emotion-focused coping.
C) biofeedback.
D) spontaneous remission.

Question 46

Volunteers who participated in an eight-week course of meditation training exhibited increased levels of the ______ activity associated with positive emotions.

A) left hemisphere
B) right hemisphere
C) somatic nervous system
D) autonomic nervous system

Question 47

The relaxation response associated with meditation is most likely to

A) decrease oxygen consumption and decrease blood pressure.
B) increase oxygen consumption and increase blood pressure.
C) increase oxygen consumption and decrease blood pressure.
D) decrease oxygen consumption and increase blood pressure.

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of biofeedback?

A) Milos learns to relax his forehead muscles after being provided with information regarding moment-to-moment changes in the tension levels of these muscles.
B) Jane decides to work fewer hours after seeing a film linking stress with cancer.
C) Chico learns to lower his blood pressure by meditating twice a day.
D) Kecia successfully quits smoking after her psychologist has her smoke so rapidly she cannot tolerate another cigarette.

Question 49

The correlation between religious involvement and life expectancy best illustrates the

A) general adaptation syndrome.
B) spillover effect.
C) Type A personality.
D) faith factor.

Question 50

The correlation between religious involvement and life expectancy is ________ among women and ________ among men.

A) positive; negative
B) negative; positive
C) positive; positive
D) negative; negative

Question 51

A classmate argues that "the best way to handle stress is to work harder and meet life's challenges head-on." Evaluate both the strengths and the weaknesses of your classmate's position in light of the distinction between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.

Question 52

Aviad, a 50-year-old banking executive and Type A personality, recently suffered a serious heart attack. To prevent a recurrence, Aviad would probably benefit most from

A) acupuncture therapies.
B) early retirement.
C) relaxation training.
D) pain control medication.

Question 53

Israelis living in nonreligious collective settlements were observed to have ________ than those living in religiously orthodox collective settlements.

A) higher rates of death
B) better emotion-focused coping skills
C) higher lymphocyte levels
D) better problem-focused coping skills

Question 54

A psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their

A) body weight.
B) blood type.
C) muscle tension.
D) genetic makeup.