Deck 37: Experienced Emotion

Question 1

Luciano believes that the best way to get over the anger he feels toward his high school teacher is to scream shameful profanities while hitting a punching bag. His belief best illustrates

A) relative deprivation.
B) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) the catharsis hypothesis.
D) the guilty knowledge test.

Answer 1

the catharsis hypothesis.

Question 2

Carroll Izard has suggested that love is a mixture of interest-excitement and

A) pride.
B) surprise.
C) fear.
D) joy.

Answer 2

joy.

Question 3

A graph depicting the course of positive emotions over the hours of the day since waking would

A) start low and rise steadily until bedtime.
B) start high and decrease steadily until bedtime.
C) remain at a stable, moderate level throughout the day.
D) rise over the early hours and fall during the day's last several hours.

Answer 3

rise over the early hours and fall during the day's last several hours.

Question 4

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study had been approved for publication. His feelings of joy quickly dissipated, however, when he heard a colleague recently had three different research articles accepted for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction is best explained in terms of

A) the facial feedback effect.
B) relative deprivation.
C) the James-Lange theory.
D) the adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 5

Research indicates that a person is most likely to be helpful to others if he or she

A) is feeling guilty about something.
B) is happy.
C) recently received help from another person.
D) recently offered help to another person.

Question 6

After receiving exciting news about the birth of a healthy grandson, Mr. Haney was easily persuaded to contribute a generous sum of money to a neighborhood church. This best illustrates the

A) two-factor theory.
B) adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) James-Lange theory.
D) feel-good, do-good phenomenon.

Question 7

A celebrity actress experiences ever-increasing levels of professional acclaim following each successful movie role. Yet with each success, she experiences no more than a temporary surge of subjective well-being. This is best explained in terms of the

A) catharsis hypothesis.
B) James-Lange theory.
C) two-factor theory.
D) adaptation-level phenomenon.

Question 8

People who are exuberant and persistently cheerful show increased activity in the brain's ________.

A) right frontal
B) left frontal lobe
C) amygdala
D) thalamus

Question 9

After imagining and then writing about various tragedies, such as people being burned and disfigured, university women expressed increased

A) fear.
B) anger.
C) depression.
D) subjective well-being.

Question 10

Research suggests that people generally experience the greatest well-being when they strive for

A) wealth.
B) modest income increases from year to year.
C) slightly higher status than their friends, neighbors, and co-workers.
D) intimacy and personal growth.

Question 11

When he asked people how they handled anger, James Averill found that they often recalled

A) reacting hurtfully.
B) walking away from the situation.
C) reacting assertively.
D) internalizing the anger.

Question 12

The emotion of rage is characterized by negative valence and ________ arousal.

A) high
B) positive
C) low
D) negative

Question 13

Employees who have just been laid off are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their employer. Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will

A) calm their emotions and reduce their anger.
B) lead them to perceive their employer's actions as unavoidable.
C) rechannel their anger into constructive motivation.
D) increase their hostility.

Question 14

After watching a video of his winning game shot in a high school basketball tournament, Jordan was easily persuaded to babysit his little sister while his parents went out for dinner. This best illustrates the

A) adaptation-level phenomenon.
B) feel-good, do-good phenomenon.
C) relative deprivation principle.
D) facial feedback effect.

Question 15

Catharsis will be most effective in reducing anger toward another person if

A) you wait until you are no longer angry before confronting the person.
B) the target of your anger is someone you feel has power over you.
C) your anger is directed specifically toward the person who angered you.
D) the other person is able to retaliate by also expressing anger.

Question 16

Izard believes that there are ________ basic emotions.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10

Question 17

Concerning the catharsis hypothesis, which of the following is true?

A) Expressing anger can be temporarily calming if it does not leave one feeling guilty or anxious.
B) The arousal that accompanies unexpressed anger never dissipates.
C) Expressing one's anger always calms one down.
D) Psychologists agree that under no circumstances is catharsis beneficial.

Question 18

When students studied others who were worse off than themselves, they felt greater satisfaction with their own lives. This is an example of the principle of

A) relative deprivation.
B) adaptation level.
C) behavioral contrast.
D) opponent processes.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding happiness?

A) People with less education tend to be happier.
B) Beautiful people tend to be happier than plain people.
C) Women tend to be happier than men.
D) People who are socially outgoing or who exercise regularly tend to be happier.

Question 20

Verbal and nonverbal expressions of anger can

A) calm emotions and reduce anger.
B) become habitual if they successfully reduce anger.
C) increase immediate feelings of anger.
D) do any of these things.

Question 21

Charles Darwin suggested that violent gestures increase one's anger. This is most inconsistent with the

A) James-Lange theory.
B) adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) catharsis hypothesis.
D) relative deprivation principle.

Question 22

Compared with those who are unhappy, happy people make decisions ________ easily and cooperate with others ________ easily.

A) less; less
B) more; more
C) less; more
D) more; less

Question 23

The frequency of positive and negative emotion words used by U.S. Facebook users indicates that their most positive moods were expressed on

A) Thursdays.
B) Fridays.
C) Saturdays.
D) Sundays.

Question 24

A psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can effectively reduce the anger she feels toward her ex-boyfriend by tearing pictures of him into little pieces. This therapeutic technique is based on the

A) catharsis hypothesis.
B) adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) James-Lange theory.
D) two-factor theory.

Question 25

Rosaria is upset with her husband for not putting his dirty clothes in the laundry basket. Anger experts would most likely recommend that she deal with her frustration by saying to him

A) "I'm not your mother. Take some responsibility."
B) "From now on I'm going to leave my dirty clothes around for you to pick up."
C) "It annoys me that you leave your dirty clothes for me to pick up."
D) "I refuse to make dinner until you do the laundry."

Question 26

Reducing one's anger through aggressive action or fantasy is called

A) catharsis.
B) the spillover effect.
C) spontaneous remission.
D) the diminishing returns phenomenon.

Question 27

According to the catharsis hypothesis, retaliating against someone who provokes us can calm us down because retaliation

A) relieves aggressive urges.
B) reduces the spillover effect.
C) promotes cognitive appraisal.
D) triggers brain activity.

Question 28

The term catharsis refers to emotional

A) disturbance.
B) inhibition.
C) release.
D) adaptation.

Question 29

Which of these factors have researchers NOT found to correlate with happiness?

A) age
B) high self-esteem
C) religious faith
D) optimism

Question 30

People's moment-to-moment positive moods tend to be highest near the ________ hours of their waking day and their moment-to-moment negative moods tend to be highest near the ________ hours of their waking day.

A) later; earlier
B) middle; later
C) later; middle
D) early; middle

Question 31

People who become blind usually ________ recover near-normal levels of day-to-day happiness. People who become paralyzed usually ________ recover near-normal levels of day-to-day happiness.

A) do; do not
B) do not; do
C) do; do
D) do not; do not

Question 32

Subjective well-being refers to

A) empathy.
B) relative deprivation.
C) self-perceived happiness.
D) physiological arousal.

Question 33

People tend to describe their experienced emotions along the two dimensions of

A) physical and social.
B) clarity and stability.
C) valence and arousal.
D) expressiveness and meaningfulness.

Question 34

Ten distinct and basic emotions were identified by

A) William James.
B) Charles Darwin.
C) Stanley Schachter.
D) Caroll Izard.

Question 35

A friend's misdeed is especially likely to trigger feelings of anger if the misdeed is perceived as

A) a spontaneous remission.
B) a spillover effect.
C) cathartic.
D) willful.

Question 36

Jed wants his roommate Dante to help him study for a physics test. Dante is most likely to want to help after he has

A) unsuccessfully tried to repair a flat tire on his car.
B) received an A on his psychology test.
C) heard that a friend was involved in an automobile accident.
D) been caught cheating on a math test.

Question 37

Mentally rehearsing resentments contributes to ________ perspiration levels and ________ blood pressure levels than mentally rehearsing forgiveness.

A) lower; lower
B) higher; higher
C) lower; higher
D) higher; lower

Question 38

Reduced feelings of tension following aggressive outbursts contribute to

A) spontaneous remission.
B) adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) the spillover effect.
D) the reinforcement of aggression.

Question 39

Which of the following children is most likely to calm down emotionally shortly after venting his anger?

A) Jack, who attacks his intimidating older brother for spitting at him
B) Jeremiah, who attacks his irritating younger brother for spitting at him
C) Jed, who attacks his friendly older brother for no good reason at all
D) Jason, who attacks his playful younger brother for no good reason at all

Question 40

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy, they

A) are more willing to help others.
B) make decisions more effectively.
C) experience a more positive self-image.
D) report greater satisfaction with their whole lives.

Question 41

Relative deprivation refers to the tendency for our personal happiness to be heavily influenced by

A) genetics.
B) previous experiences.
C) bodily arousal.
D) others' success.

Question 42

Winston has a very negative academic self-concept because most of his classmates are more academically advanced than he is. Winston's experience best illustrates

A) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B) the two-factor theory.
C) relative deprivation.
D) the James-Lange theory.

Question 43

After receiving very bad news, people ________ the duration of their negative emotions.

A) overestimate
B) accurately estimate
C) slightly underestimate
D) radically underestimate

Question 44

Within most countries, individuals with lots of money are ________ than those with very little money. This is especially true in ________ countries.

A) happier; poor
B) happier; wealthy
C) less happy; poor
D) less happy; wealthy

Question 45

People are likely to experience higher levels of ________ if they seek to contribute to their communities rather than simply strive for personal wealth and power.

A) relative deprivation
B) facial feedback
C) subjective well-being
D) catharsis

Question 46

The governments of Egypt and Tunisia succumbed to popular uprisings in the 2011 aftermath of citizens' declining

A) adaptation level.
B) physiological arousal.
C) subjective well-being.
D) spillover effect.

Question 47

One way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to

A) focus more attention on themselves.
B) participate in regular aerobic exercise.
C) overestimate how much they can accomplish.
D) do all of these things.

Question 48

Which of the following factors has been found to be clearly related to feelings of general happiness or life satisfaction?

A) being well educated
B) having children
C) having an active religious faith
D) being physically attractive

Question 49

Andrea is furious because her steady boyfriend spent half an hour talking with his former girlfriend at last night's school dance. A friend suggests that Andrea ought to get the anger out of her system by repeatedly pounding her pillow while she imagines that she is hitting her boyfriend. Explain why this might be an ineffective way for Andrea to reduce her anger. Suggest better ways.

Question 50

A general sense of happiness or life satisfaction is most unrelated to whether people

A) sleep well.
B) are young or old.
C) have a happy marriage.
D) have an active religious faith.

Question 51

Enjoying your second piece of pie less than your first illustrates

A) the spillover effect.
B) relative deprivation.
C) the general adaptation syndrome.
D) the diminishing returns phenomenon.

Question 52

Jim, a 42-year-old engineer, is unhappy about his yearly salary, although it is the highest salary he has ever earned. His wife, Carla, suggests that he vividly recall how little he earned at the age of 32. She also recommends that he watch a TV program about famine victims in Africa.
Use your understanding of psychological principles to explain why Carla's suggestions might help to increase Jim's feelings of economic satisfaction.

Question 53

During the last 50 years, the buying power of Americans has ________ and their self-reported personal happiness has ________.

A) remained almost unchanged; decreased
B) increased; remained almost unchanged
C) remained almost unchanged; increased
D) remained almost unchanged; remained almost unchanged

Question 54

The adaptation-level phenomenon refers to the

A) perception that one is worse off than those with whom one compares oneself.
B) tendency for standards of judgment to be heavily influenced by previous experiences.
C) tendency for emotional release to reduce levels of physiological arousal.
D) survival of organisms that adapt best to their environment.

Question 55

During World War II, promotion rates in the U.S. Air Corps were so rapid for the group as a whole that many individual soldiers in this military branch were unhappy about the speed at which they were promoted. Their unhappiness is best explained in terms of

A) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B) relative deprivation.
C) the two-factor theory.
D) the catharsis hypothesis.

Question 56

Logan is an unsuccessful businessman who feels little satisfaction with life. To increase his subjective well-being, Logan should

A) imagine what his own life might be like if he became rich and famous.
B) compare himself with friends who became rich and successful.
C) recall past moments when his life was much more pleasant than it is now.
D) imagine what his life might be like if he were suffering from a fatal disease.

Question 57

Which of the following best explains why, for those who are not poor, more money buys little more than a temporary surge of happiness?

A) the spillover effect
B) the relative deprivation principle
C) the adaptation-level phenomenon
D) the do-good, feel-good phenomenon

Question 58

Haley's parents bought her a used bicycle for her birthday. She was thrilled until she learned that her best friend received a brand new bicycle for her birthday. Haley's declining satisfaction illustrates

A) relative deprivation.
B) the adaptation-level phenomenon.
C) the catharsis hypothesis.
D) the behavior feedback effect.

Question 59

The diminishing returns phenomenon is familiar to economists as diminishing

A)Objective: well-being.
B)relative deprivation.
C)general adaptation.
D)marginal utility.

Question 60

Rannilt was euphoric after learning that she had been accepted by the medical school of her choice. After a few weeks, however, she is only mildly excited when she thinks about her admission to medical school. This change in her feelings can best be explained in terms of

A) the catharsis hypothesis.
B) relative deprivation.
C) the feel-good, do-good phenomenon.
D) the adaptation-level phenomenon.