Deck 15: Adolescence

Question 1

The average age at which puberty begins is ________ in boys; in girls, it is ________.

A) 14; 13
B) 13; 11
C) 11; 10
D) 10; 9

Answer 1

13; 11

Question 2

Among the hallmarks of growing up are a boy's first ejaculation and a girl's first menstrual period, which also is called

A) puberty.
B) menopause.
C) menarche.
D) generativity.

Answer 2

menarche.

Question 3

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ________ morality.

A) conventional
B) unconventional
C) preconventional
D) postconventional

Answer 3

preconventional

Question 4

To which of Kohlberg's levels would moral reasoning based on the existence of fundamental human rights pertain?

A) preconventional morality
B) conventional morality
C) postconventional morality
D) generative morality

Question 5

After puberty, the self-concept usually becomes

A) more positive in boys.
B) more positive in girls.
C) more positive in both boys and girls.
D) more negative in both boys and girls.

Question 6

Adolescence is marked by the onset of

A) an identity crisis.
B) parent-child conflict.
C) the concrete operational stage.
D) puberty.

Question 7

According to Erikson, the central psychological challenges pertaining to adolescence, young adulthood, and middle age, respectively, are

A) identity formation; intimacy; generativity.
B) intimacy; identity formation; generativity.
C) generativity; intimacy; identity formation.
D) intimacy; generativity; identity formation.

Question 8

Whose stage theory of moral development was based on how people reasoned about ethical dilemmas?

A) Erikson
B) Piaget
C) Harlow
D) Kohlberg

Question 9

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing

A) egocentrism.
B) insecure attachment.
C) role confusion.
D) postconventional morality.

Question 10

A public initiation into adult responsibilities and status is called a

A) social clock.
B) critical period.
C) rite of passage.
D) formal operational stage.

Question 11

Today's earlier female sexual maturation is especially likely among

A) underweight girls in father-absent homes.
B) overweight girls in father-absent homes.
C) underweight girls in father-present homes.
D) overweight girls in father-present homes.

Question 12

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

A) conventional
B) unconventional
C) preconventional
D) postconventional

Question 13

Which of the following is correct?

A) Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social advantage.
B) Early maturing girls are more popular and self-assured than girls who mature late.
C) Early maturation places both boys and girls at a distinct social disadvantage.
D) Early maturing boys are more popular and self-assured than boys who mature late.

Question 14

According to Piaget, the ability to think logically about abstract propositions is indicative of the stage of

A) preoperational thought.
B) concrete operations.
C) formal operations.
D) postconventional thought.

Question 15

In preconventional morality, the person

A) obeys out of a sense of social duty.
B) conforms to gain social approval.
C) obeys to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.
D) follows the dictates of his or her conscience.

Question 16

Research on teen social relationships indicates that most adolescents

A) like their parents.
B) seldom experience feelings of loneliness.
C) want to avoid emotionally close relationships with peers.
D) experience positive relationships with peers and negative relationships with parents.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a secondary sex characteristic?

A) female ovaries
B) male facial hair
C) the male grip
D) female height

Question 18

Female breasts are to ________ as male testes are to ________.

A) menarche; menopause
B) menopause; menarche
C) secondary sex characteristics; primary sex characteristics
D) primary sex characteristics; secondary sex characteristics

Question 19

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by

A) Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
B) Piaget's cognitive development theory.
C) Kohlberg's moral development theory.
D) Harlow's attachment theory.

Question 20

The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect

A) habituation.
B) insecure attachments.
C) affectively laden intuitions.
D) formal operations.

Question 21

The development stage of adolescence is likely to be most brief in cultures where teens are

A) egocentric.
B) seldom married.
C) experiencing role confusion.
D) financially self-supporting.

Question 22

Kohlberg emphasized that human behavior becomes less selfish as we mature due to

A) social development.
B) physical development.
C) cognitive development.
D) economic development.

Question 23

Lawrence Kohlberg focused on the development of

A) secure attachments.
B) self-awareness.
C) moral reasoning.
D) object permanence.

Question 24

Adolescents' sense of what's fair is most likely to change from simple equality to equity when they achieve

A) formal operations.
B) a secure attachment.
C) object permanence.
D) a theory of mind.

Question 25

Females who have experienced stress related to father absence, sexual abuse, or insecure attachment experience ________ a few months earlier than average.

A) infantile amnesia
B) habituation
C) egocentrism
D) menarche

Question 26

The idea that morality is rooted in moral intuitions rather than moral reasoning is the basis for

A) Lawrence Kohlberg's theory.
B) Jean Piaget's theory.
C) Jonathan Haidt's theory.
D) Erik Erikson's theory.

Question 27

The selective loss of unused connections among brain cells is called

A) pruning.
B) imprinting.
C) conservation.
D) accommodation.

Question 28

In Erikson's theory, individuals generally focus on developing ________ during adolescence and then ________ during young adulthood.

A) identity; intimacy
B) intimacy; identity
C) basic trust; identity
D) identity; basic trust

Question 29

Puberty is most closely related to the onset of

A) frontal lobe development.
B) menarche.
C) stranger anxiety.
D) conventional morality.

Question 30

Boys who mature at an early age tend to be more

A) physically uncoordinated.
B) sexually inhibited.
C) popular and self-assured.
D) academically successful.

Question 31

The ability to think logically about hypothetical situations is indicative of the ________ stage of development.

A) conventional
B) preconventional
C) preoperational
D) formal operational

Question 32

Adolescence extends from

A) the beginning of concrete operations to the end of formal operations.
B) 12 to 15 years of age.
C) the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood.
D) the beginning to the end of the growth spurt.

Question 33

Primary sex characteristics are to ________ as secondary sex characteristics are to ________.

A) male testes; adrenal glands
B) female ovaries; deepened male voice
C) male testes; female ovaries
D) adrenal glands; underarm hair

Question 34

People experience rapid physical development and sexual maturation during

A) late adolescence.
B) puberty.
C) the preoperational stage.
D) late childhood.

Question 35

The body structures that enable reproduction are the

A) primary sex characteristics.
B) secondary sex characteristics.
C) teratogens.
D) frontal lobes.

Question 36

During adolescence, maturation of the ________ lags behind maturation of the ________.

A) brainstem; pituitary
B) pituitary; brainstem
C) limbic system; frontal lobes
D) frontal lobes; limbic system

Question 37

The first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as ________ is to an adolescent girl.

A) sexual intercourse
B) puberty
C) menarche
D) secure attachment

Question 38

Ten-year-old Heidi is maturing early and already towers over all the girls and most of the boys in her fifth-grade class. Heidi is likely to be

A) the most popular student in class.
B) self-assured and independent.
C) challenging her teacher's authority.
D) the object of some teasing.

Question 39

As teens mature, the growth of myelin facilitates

A) the development of secondary sex characteristics.
B) feelings of attraction toward those of the opposite (or the same) sex.
C) the birth of new nerve cells in the hippocampus.
D) communication between the frontal lobes and other brain regions.

Question 40

Fourteen-year-old Lisa was asked, "What would happen if everyone in the world suddenly went blind?" She responded, "Those who had previously been blind would become leaders." Lisa's answer indicates she is in the ________ stage of development.

A) concrete operational
B) postconventional
C) formal operational
D) preoperational

Question 41

Haidt's intuitionist perspective highlights the impact of automatic gut-level feelings on

A) attachment.
B) egocentrism.
C) moral judgments.
D) stranger anxiety.

Question 42

According to Erikson, teens who suffer role confusion have not yet

A) experienced a sense of basic trust.
B) achieved a sense of autonomy.
C) strived for a sense of competence.
D) solidified a sense of identity.

Question 43

The corrupt behavior of many ordinary people who served as Nazi concentration camp guards best illustrates that immorality often results from

A) social influence.
B) the curse of knowledge.
C) abnormal cognitive development.
D) postconventional moral thinking.

Question 44

According to Erikson, trust is to infancy as identity is to

A) infancy.
B) childhood.
C) adulthood.
D) adolescence.

Question 45

Juanita suffers from a painful back condition. Smoking marijuana would reduce her pain, but she thinks it would be wrong because it is prohibited by the laws of her state. Juanita is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ level of morality.

A) conventional
B) unconventional
C) preconventional
D) postconventional

Question 46

According to Erikson, achieving a sense of identity is the special task of the

A) toddler.
B) preschooler.
C) elementary schoolchild.
D) adolescent.

Question 47

Erikson would have suggested that adolescents can most effectively develop a sense of identity by

A) seeking a lifelong romantic relationship.
B) severing the emotional ties between themselves and their childhood friends.
C) investigating the personal suitability of various occupational and social roles.
D) adopting whatever values and expectations their parents recommend.

Question 48

An awareness of your distinctive status as an international student in a university far from your homeland best illustrates a sense of

A) stranger anxiety.
B) postconventional morality.
C) social identity.
D) insecure attachment.

Question 49

According to Kohlberg, postconventional morality involves

A) behavior based on self-interest.
B) affirmation of self-defined ethical principles.
C) strong concern for social approval.
D) unquestioning obedience to authority figures.

Question 50

Laboratory games reveal that people's desire to punish wrongdoings is driven mostly by automatic emotional reactions rather than by deliberate conscious calculations that punishment will deter crime. This most clearly supports the ________ perspective on morality.

A) epigenetic
B) intuitionist
C) postconventional
D) concrete operational

Question 51

Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spends billions of dollars on military weapons. Mr. Lambers' reasoning best illustrates Kohlberg's ________ stage.

A) postconventional
B) concrete operational
C) preconventional
D) conventional

Question 52

Learning to delay gratification promotes

A) maturation.
B) imprinting.
C) moral action.
D) permissive parenting.

Question 53

Regis thinks it's wrong to drive over the speed limit simply because he might get punished for doing so. He is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ stage of morality.

A) conventional
B) postconventional
C) preconventional
D) preoperational

Question 54

Psychologist Jonathan Haidt has described our moral intuitions as

A) formal operations.
B) secure attachments.
C) quick gut feelings.
D) postconventional judgments.

Question 55

Many people would find it more morally repulsive to kill someone by thrusting a knife into his or her body than by shooting him or her with a gun from a distance. This is best explained in terms of

A) Erikson's psychosocial perspective.
B) Harlow's attachment perspective.
C) Haidt's intuitionist perspective.
D) Kohlberg's moral development perspective.

Question 56

Sixteen-year-old Brenda questions her parents' values but does not fully accept her friends' standards either. Her confusion about what she really wants and values in life suggests that Brenda is struggling with the problem of

A) autonomy.
B) identity.
C) initiative.
D) integrity.

Question 57

Critics have noted that Kohlberg's ________ level of moral reasoning is culturally limited, appearing mostly among people who prize individualism.

A) preconventional
B) postconventional
C) concrete operational
D) conventional

Question 58

The "we" aspect of our self-concept that comes from our group membership is our

A) theory of mind.
B) basic trust.
C) social identity.
D) egocentrism.

Question 59

Avoiding physical punishment is to ________ morality as respecting the laws of society is to ________ morality.

A) conventional; postconventional
B) preconventional; postconventional
C) conventional; preconventional
D) preconventional; conventional

Question 60

According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents ________ morality.

A) conventional
B) preconventional
C) concrete operational
D) postconventional

Question 61

Persistent exclusion from peer social relationships is most likely to increase teens' risk for

A) imprinting.
B) egocentrism.
C) depression.
D) habituation.

Question 62

A developmental stage between adolescent dependence and responsible adulthood is called

A) puberty.
B) maturation.
C) emerging adulthood.
D) postconventional morality.

Question 63

Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ________, and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to ________.

A) language accents; college choices
B) dating practices; religious faith
C) bedtime preferences; political views
D) career choices; clothing preferences

Question 64

Research indicates that the high school girls who have the most affectionate relationships with their mothers also tend to

A) have the most intimate relationships with girlfriends.
B) have somewhat less intimate relationships with girlfriends.
C) take longer than normal to establish their own independence and separate identity.
D) have difficulty forming intimate relationships with boys.

Question 65

Compared with their counterparts in more collectivist countries, 17-year-olds in North America are more likely to experience

A) infantile amnesia.
B) a critical period.
C) social identity.
D) romantic relationships.

Question 66

Thirteen-year-old Ryan has begun to challenge many of his parents' values and to express his own set of highly idealistic standards. Compare and contrast the explanations for Ryan's behavior that would be given by Kohlberg and by Erikson.

Question 67

Erikson suggested that the adolescent search for identity is followed by a developing capacity for

A) competence.
B) intimacy.
C) autonomy.
D) trust.

Question 68

Which of the following is true of adolescence in contemporary industrialized societies, as compared with previous centuries?

A) It begins earlier in life and ends earlier in life.
B) It begins later in life and ends earlier in life.
C) It begins earlier in life and ends later in life.
D) It begins later in life and ends later in life.

Question 69

Adolescence is typically a time of

A) diminishing parental influence and diminishing peer influence.
B) growing parental influence and growing peer influence.
C) diminishing parental influence and growing peer influence.
D) growing parental influence and diminishing peer influence.

Question 70

In teen calls to hotline counseling services, the most discussed topic is

A) parent-child conflict.
B) peer relationships.
C) secondary sex characteristics.
D) moral intuition.

Question 71

A rite of passage is most similar to a(n)

A) critical period.
B) preoperational stage.
C) initiation ceremony.
D) pruning process.

Question 72

Branden is so apathetic about his occupational future that within two years of his high school graduation he had already been fired by four different employers. According to Erikson, Branden best illustrates

A) the curse of knowledge.
B) preconventional morality.
C) role confusion.
D) egocentrism.

Question 73

Which of the following best describes adolescent self-esteem?

A) It rises through the early teen years and falls during the late teen years.
B) It falls through the early teen years and rises during the late teen years.
C) It rises through the early teen years and rises during the late teen years.
D) It falls through the early teen years and falls during the late teen years.