Deck 47: A: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Many clinicians diagnose disorders using the detailed "diagnostic criteria and codes" in the

A) OCD.
B) DSM-5.
C) PTSD.
D) NSSI.

Answer 1

DSM-5.

Question 2

Today's psychologists assume that disordered behavior is influenced by

A) social circumstances.
B) inner psychological dynamics.
C) genetic predispositions and physiological states.
D) all of these factors.

Answer 2

all of these factors.

Question 3

Marshall has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Because this disorder is included as a diagnosis in DSM-5,

A) Marshall's mother will know the real cause of his difficult behavior.
B) Marshall will be eligible for treatment.
C) Marshall will be overmedicated.
D) Marshall's mother will be able to join support groups.

Answer 3

Marshall will be eligible for treatment.

Question 4

Some of the new diagnoses in the DSM-5 concern many physicians and mental health workers because

A) they disagree with the medical model.
B) of the cost of revising the names of disorders is excessive.
C) they fear it will extend the pathologizing of everyday life.
D) people who have become accustomed to certain categories will be reluctant to learn new ones.

Question 5

Researchers have attributed the development of ADHD to

A) genetic influences.
B) a high-sugar diet.
C) low-quality schools.
D) antisocial personality disorder.

Question 6

Dr. Garcia emphasizes that psychological disorders result from the interactive influences of individual genes, mood-related perceptions, and cultural definitions of normality and disorder. The doctor's emphasis best illustrates

A) the learning perspective.
B) a biopsychosocial approach.
C) the medical model.
D) DSM-5.

Question 7

The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the

A) psychoanalytic theory.
B) humanistic perspective.
C) medical model.
D) biopsychosocial approach.

Question 8

In discovering that certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures, we are providing evidence for the

A) psychoanalytic perspective.
B) medical model.
C) biopsychosocial approach.
D) DSM-5.

Question 9

Mira claims that alcohol use disorder is a disease that, like pneumonia, can be cured or prevented with proper treatment. Her belief is most clearly consistent with

A) the biopsychosocial approach.
B) psychoanalytic theory.
C) the medical model.
D) the social-cognitive perspective.

Question 10

To call psychological disorders "sicknesses" is especially likely to encourage research supporting the

A) biopsychosocial approach.
B) learning perspective.
C) social-cognitive perspective.
D) medical model.

Question 11

ADHD is most clearly characterized by

A) delusions.
B) distractibility.
C) dissociation.
D) catatonia.

Question 12

If research indicated that phobias result from a chemical imbalance in the central nervous system, this would most clearly give added credibility to

A) psychoanalytic theory.
B) the medical model.
C) the social-cognitive perspective.
D) the DSM-5.

Question 13

A psychotherapist is most likely to use the DSM-5 in order to ________ various psychological disorders.

A) cure
B) prevent
C) explain
D) identify

Question 14

In a study by David Rosenhan, researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices." This study best illustrated the negative effects of

A) the medical model.
B) psychoanalytic theory.
C) linkage analysis.
D) diagnostic labels.

Question 15

A biopsychosocial approach to substance abuse would be most likely to emphasize

A) the distinction between consciously and unconsciously motivated substance abuse.
B) the similarities between substance abuse disorders and personality disorders.
C) the interactive influences of nature and nurture on substance abuse.
D) that substance abuse is simply a lifestyle choice and not a psychological disorder.

Question 16

The most likely people to be diagnosed with ADHD are

A) children.
B) adolescents.
C) young adults.
D) older adults.

Question 17

Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic. Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of

A) generalized anxiety disorder.
B) antisocial personality disorder.
C) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 18

To facilitate diagnostic reliability, the DSM-5 typically bases diagnoses on

A) chemical analyses of blood and urine samples.
B) biopsychosocial factors.
C) detailed diagnostic criteria and codes.
D) all of these factors.

Question 19

Mental health workers are most likely to consider socially unusual behavior as disordered if it is

A) consciously motivated.
B) difficult to change.
C) biologically influenced.
D) personally distressful.

Question 20

Mental health workers would be likely to identify alcohol misuse as a psychological disorder because it is

A) personally dysfunctional.
B) socially unacceptable.
C) ethically unjustifiable.
D) unconsciously motivated.

Question 21

Immigrants to the United States from Mexico average ________ mental health than Mexican-Americans born in the United States. Immigrants to the United States from Asia average ________ mental health than Asian-Americans born in the United States.

A) better; poorer
B) improves; better
C) better; better
D) poorer; poorer

Question 22

If individuals expect someone labeled as mentally ill to be hostile, they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hostility. This illustrates the dangers of

A) the medical model.
B) linkage analysis.
C) self-fulfilling prophecies.
D) the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 23

Researchers recently estimated that approximately ________ percent of adult Americans had suffered a clinically significant psychological disorder during the prior year.

A) 26
B) 35
C) 50
D) 60

Question 24

Judicial systems are responsible for making decisions regarding

A) mania.
B) insanity.
C) catatonia.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 25

People express ________ sympathy for men suffering depression than for women suffering depression. They express ________ sympathy for women plagued by alcohol use disorder than for men plagued with alcohol use disorder.

A) less; less
B) more; more
C) less; more
D) more; less

Question 26

After Anika learned that her history professor had suffered an anxiety disorder, she concluded that the professor's tendency to talk loudly was simply a way of disguising feelings of personal insecurity. This best illustrates the

A) value of the psychoanalytic perspective.
B) shortcomings of the medical model.
C) unreliability of DSM-5.
D) biasing power of diagnostic labels.

Question 27

The symptoms of ________ are likely to appear at an earlier age than the symptoms of ________.

A) antisocial personality disorder; schizophrenia
B) major depression; bipolar disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder; phobias
D) major depression; alcohol use disorder