Deck 33: A: Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong

Question 1

The time span after orgasm during which a man cannot be aroused to another orgasm is called

A) the plateau phase.
B) the set point.
C) erotic plasticity.
D) the refractory period.

Answer 1

the refractory period.

Question 2

Male sex offenders lose much of their sexual urge when voluntarily taking

A) PYY.
B) Viagra.
C) estrogen.
D) Depo-Provera.

Answer 2

Depo-Provera.

Question 3

An integrated understanding of sexual motivation in terms of sex hormones, sexual fantasies, and cultural values is most clearly provided by

A) a hierarchy of motives.
B) the biopsychosocial approach.
C) the evolutionary perspective.
D) homeostasis.

Answer 3

the biopsychosocial approach.

Question 4

Research on the human sexual response cycle indicates that

A) blood pressure rates decrease during the plateau phase and increase during orgasm.
B) conception is not possible without the occurrence of male orgasm.
C) female orgasm increases the likelihood of conception.
D) the resolution phase of the female sexual response cycle is especially lengthy following multiple orgasms.

Question 5

Studies find that around the time of ovulation, women have a slightly ________ voice pitch than usual and they wear ________ sexually attractive clothing than usual.

A) lower; more
B) higher; less
C) lower; less
D) higher; more

Question 6

Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that

A) the sexual desire of human females is somewhat lower at ovulation than at other times.
B) male sex offenders typically have lower-than-normal testosterone levels.
C) adult males who suffer castration experience a decline in their sex drive.
D) sexual interests are aroused by decreased testosterone levels in women and increased testosterone levels in men.

Question 7

Women fantasize about sex ________ men. Fantasizing about sex ________ indicate a sexual problem or sexual dissatisfaction.

A) less frequently than; does
B) as frequently as; does not
C) less frequently than; does not
D) as frequently as; does

Question 8

Erectile disorder is one form of

A) erotic plasticity.
B) sexually transmitted infection.
C) nocturnal emission.
D) sexual dysfunction.

Question 9

Mr. and Mrs. Kohl plan to spend their evening watching X-rated sex movies. Watching these films is most likely to increase

A) their levels of sexual arousal.
B) their feelings that sexual promiscuity is morally wrong.
C) Mr. Kohl's sexual arousal, while decreasing Mrs. Kohl's.
D) Mrs. Kohl's estrogen levels and decrease Mr. Kohl's testosterone levels.

Question 10

Most women who experience sexual distress relate it to

A) their short refractory periods.
B) their own body image problems.
C) their emotional relationship with their partner during sex.
D) physical dysfunctions that prevent orgasm.

Question 11

Sexually active unmarried teens are more likely to use contraceptives if they

A) underestimate their peers' sexual activity.
B) do not want to appear to be sexually promiscuous.
C) are in an exclusive sexual relationship involving open communication.
D) have been extensively exposed to TV shows in which unmarried people are having sex.

Question 12

Research suggests that after 18-year-old Kalani has looked at magazine pictures of sexually attractive women, he will be

A) more likely to perceive himself as attractive.
B) more likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.
C) less likely to perceive himself as attractive.
D) less likely to perceive his girlfriend as attractive.

Question 13

Premarital sexual activity is higher among American teens who

A) have college-educated rather than high school-educated parents.
B) frequently rather than seldom attend religious services.
C) earn high rather than low grades in school.
D) consume rather than abstain from alcohol.

Question 14

An American Psychological Association task force suggested that the sexualization of girls by popular media outlets contributes to

A) autism.
B) erotic plasticity.
C) eating disorders.
D) homosexual behavior.

Question 15

In a complete sexual response cycle

A) the excitement phase immediately precedes orgasm.
B) orgasm immediately precedes the excitement phase.
C) the plateau phase immediately precedes orgasm.
D) the excitement phase immediately precedes the resolution phase.

Question 16

Secretion of the female hormones, the estrogens, peaks during

A) the refractory period.
B) the set point.
C) menstruation.
D) ovulation.

Question 17

A paraphilia may involve

A) a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal.
B) a lack of sexual energy and arousability.
C) experiencing sexual arousal from the suffering of others.
D) an inability to establish an emotional relationship with one's partner.

Question 18

With the removal of the ovaries, a woman's natural ________ level drops.

A) testosterone
B) ghrelin
C) orexin
D) PYY

Question 19

More than in other mammalian females, the sexual drive in human females is responsive to their ________ levels.

A) estradiol
B) estrogen
C) serotonin
D) testosterone

Question 20

Women are more likely than men to experience

A) genital arousal during their dreams.
B) sexually vivid dreams that lead to orgasm.
C) fantasies of being sexually taken by a passionate lover.
D) fantasies of coercing someone else into having sex.

Question 21

When pregnant sheep were injected with testosterone during a critical period of fetal development, their female offspring later demonstrated

A) chain migration.
B) neophobia.
C) lactose intolerance.
D) homosexual behavior.

Question 22

Both religious activity and participation in service learning programs are predictors of

A) sexual orientation.
B) erotic plasticity.
C) teen sexual abstinence.
D) set points.

Question 23

Gina and Nanette are sisters and both are lesbians. According to the research on the origins of sexual orientation, it is highly likely that

A) they were unusually fearful of boys during their childhoods.
B) they have higher testosterone levels than most adult women.
C) their father was not present during their childhood.
D) none of these things are true.

Question 24

AIDS results from the transmission of ________ from an infected sexual partner.

A) PYY
B) HPV
C) FTO
D) HIV

Question 25

Women are somewhat more likely than men to feel bisexual attractions. This best illustrates a gender difference in

A) set points.
B) refractory periods.
C) erotic plasticity.
D) the birth-order effect.

Question 26

Compared with men who do not have older brothers, men who have older brothers are somewhat more likely to experience

A) obesity.
B) neophobia.
C) a homosexual orientation.
D) high achievement motivation.

Question 27

Evidence that brain anatomy differences account for variations in sexual orientation is provided by the fact that these brain differences

A) fully account for gender differences in erotic plasticity.
B) are triggered by the segregation of genders at the time one's sex drive matures.
C) explain the elevated rates of depression experienced by gays and lesbians.
D) seem to develop soon after or even before birth.

Question 28

Condoms have been ________ in preventing certain skin-to-skin STIs, such as herpes. Condoms have been ________ in preventing transmission of HIV.

A) of limited protective value; of limited protective value
B) about 80 percent effective; about 80 percent effective
C) about 80 percent effective; of limited protective value
D) of limited protective value; about 80 percent effective

Question 29

Differences in right- and left-handed fingerprint ridges are greater for heterosexual males than for gay males. Researchers have attributed this to

A) erotic plasticity.
B) prenatal hormones.
C) refractory periods.
D) ostracism.

Question 30

Compared with girls living in father-absent families, girls with fathers present are less likely to experience

A) erotic plasticity.
B) gender typing.
C) teen pregnancy.
D) the older-brother effect.

Question 31

When shown erotic pictures of heterosexual couples, heterosexual men tend to look ________ and heterosexual women tend to look ________.

A) mostly at the women; mostly at the men
B) mostly at the men; mostly at the women
C) equally at the men and women; mostly at the men
D) mostly at the women; equally at the men and women

Question 32

Women's sexual orientation tends to be ________ strongly felt than men's, and potentially ________ fluid and changing than men's.

A) more; more
B) less; less
C) more; less
D) less; more

Question 33

Homosexual men have more homosexual relatives on their ________ side of the family. More offspring are produced by the maternal relatives of ________.

A) mother's rather than their father's; heterosexual rather than of homosexual men
B) father's rather than their mother's; heterosexual rather than of homosexual men
C) mother's rather than their father's; homosexual rather than of heterosexual men
D) father's rather than their mother's; homosexual rather than of heterosexual men

Question 34

Research on the causes of homosexuality suggests that

A) homosexuality arises from a fear of members of the opposite sex.
B) male homosexuality results from abnormally high levels of testosterone in the blood.
C) childhood sexual victimization contributes strongly to homosexual development.
D) genetic influence plays a role in sexual orientation.

Question 35

Our enduring sexual attraction toward members of either the same sex or the opposite sex is called our

A) sexual response cycle.
B) gender identity.
C) set point.
D) sexual orientation.

Question 36

Estimates based on data from the 2000 U.S. Census suggests that ________ percent of the population is gay or lesbian.

A) 1
B) 2.5
C) 10
D) 12.5

Question 37

Identical twins experience ________ rates of homosexual orientation. Fraternal twins experience ________ rates of homosexual orientation.

A) normal; normal
B) elevated; normal
C) elevated; elevated
D) elevated; depressed

Question 38

Female fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone and male fetuses ________ exposed to testosterone appear most likely later to experience same-sex desires.

A) most; most
B) least; least
C) most; least
D) least; most

Question 39

A mother's immune system may have a defensive response to substances produced by male fetuses. This is most likely to contribute to

A) erotic plasticity.
B) female orgasmic disorder.
C) sexually transmitted infections.
D) the fraternal birth-order effect.

Question 40

When exposed to a scent derived from men's sweat, gay and straight men responded differently in the area of the ________ that governs sexual arousal.

A) cerebellum
B) hypothalamus
C) motor cortex
D) reticular formation

Question 41

The anterior cingulate cortex shows increased activity in response to both physical pain and

A) ostracism.
B) refractory periods.
C) social facilitation.
D) the experience of flow.

Question 42

Those who trace the origins of social bonding to its survival value are most likely to agree that the need to belong is

A) an incentive.
B) genetically influenced.
C) a sexual instinct.
D) Maslow's highest-level need.

Question 43

Jessica feels so self-important and is so self-focused that she unrealistically believes all of her teachers, classmates, and acquaintances are eager to read her hour-by-hour Facebook postings. Jessica best illustrates characteristics of

A) chain migration.
B) ostracism.
C) unit bias.
D) narcissism.

Question 44

Gay men tend to be ________ than straight men, and women in same-sex marriages were mostly ________ than average at birth.

A) lighter; lighter
B) heavier; heavier
C) lighter; heavier
D) heavier; lighter

Question 45

American and South Korean collegians indicated that the satisfaction of ________ were the top two contributors to their peak moment in the past week.

A) hunger and thirst
B) academic and work responsibilities
C) self-esteem and belongingness needs
D) sexual and recreational desires

Question 46

A review of sex research and education indicates that

A) sex education typically intensifies people's emotional responses to erotic materials.
B) fantasizing about sex is indicative of a sexual dysfunction.
C) those who believe sexual orientation is genetically predisposed express less accepting attitudes toward homosexual people.
D) the labels researchers use to describe sexual behavior are often value-laden.

Question 47

Sheila is more fearful of loneliness than of remaining in a physically abusive relationship with her boyfriend. This best illustrates the potentially harmful impact of ________ needs.

A) achievement
B) belongingness
C) sexual
D) safety

Question 48

Our ________ is said to be a gauge of how socially accepted we feel.

A) set point
B) basal metabolic rate
C) erotic plasticity
D) self-esteem

Question 49

On mental rotation tasks, homosexual men perform

A) better than heterosexual men and worse than heterosexual women.
B) worse than heterosexual men and better than heterosexual women.
C) better than heterosexual men and better than heterosexual women.
D) worse than heterosexual men and worse than heterosexual women.

Question 50

In a series of experiments, participants were more likely to act in aggressive ways such as blasting people with noise following the experience of

A) chain migration.
B) self-actualization.
C) drive reduction.
D) ostracism.

Question 51

Those who score high on tests of ________ offer more staged and glamorous photos of themselves on social networking sites like Facebook.

A) refractory periods
B) self-transcendence
C) erotic plasticity
D) narcissism

Question 52

When people communicate online rather than face to face, they are often ________ focused on others' reactions and ________ inhibited in their self-disclosure.

A) more; less
B) less; more
C) more; more
D) less; less

Question 53

Which of the following is most clearly a form of ostracism?

A) drive reduction
B) self-transcendence
C) chain migration
D) solitary confinement

Question 54

Professor Fiekema claims that people are genetically predisposed to live in groups because social attachments enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our human ancestors. The professor's suggestion best illustrates

A) homeostasis.
B) the fraternal birth-order effect.
C) the evolutionary perspective.
D) arousal theory.

Question 55

Our need to belong is most clearly threatened by

A) chain migration.
B) drive reduction.
C) ostracism.
D) unit bias.

Question 56

In both Taiwan and the United States, excessive Internet socializing and gaming have been associated with

A) chain migration.
B) ostracism.
C) lower school grades.
D) neophobia.