Deck 31: Animals: the Invertebrates

Question 1

Which of the following is classified as a flatworm?

A) corals
B) planaria
C) sea anemones
D) hydrozoa
E) Portuguese man-of-war

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements is/are true about deuterostomes?

A) The second opening during embryonic development becomes the mouth.
B) Echinoderms are deuterostomes.
C) Deuterostomes have a coelom.
D) Deuterostomes have radial cleavage.
E) All of the answer choices are true statements about deuterstomes.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Protostomes are distinguised from deuterostomes based on

A) the presence or absence of a nervous system.
B) the pattern of embryonic development.
C) the presence or absence of a circulatory system.
D) the presence of absence of cephalization.
E) feeding behaviors.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Nematocysts are characteristic of

A) sponges.
B) clams.
C) cnidarians.
D) flatworms.
E) roundworms.

Question 5

Filter feeders are

A) active predators.
B) sessile or relatively inactive.
C) always herbivorous.
D) classified as cnidarians.
E) classified as gastropods.

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of all animals?

A) They ingest food that is digested in a central cavity.
B) Usually undergo sexual reproduction.
C) They produce an embryo that undergoes development in stages.
D) The adult form is diploid.
E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of animals.

Question 7

Why are real bath sponges so soft?

A) The silica is dissolved away and only the calcium carbonate remains.
B) The calcium carbonate is dissolved away and only the silica remains.
C) The choanocytes are dissolved away and only the amoebocytes remain.
D) Silica or calcium spicules are removed, leaving only the spongin fibers.
E) The spongin is removed, leaving only the spicules.

Question 8

Which statement is true about invertebrate animals?

A) The vast majority of animal species are invertebrates.
B) Many invertebrate species live in a marine environment.
C) Most animal phyla are invertebrates.
D) All major invertebrate groups arose from protistan ancestors.
E) All of the answer choices are true statements about invertebrates.

Question 9

The following statements refer specifically to sponges, specifically to cnidarians, or to both sponges and cnidarians. Which statement applies specifically to cnidarians?

A) The larval form is flagellated and able to swim to a suitable location.
B) Classification is based on the type of skeletal material.
C) They resemble a colony of flagellated cells more than a multicellular animal.
D) Specialized stinging cells are used to help capture prey.
E) Reproduction can be sexual or asexual.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the common name with a phylum name?

A) planarian-Nematoda
B) fluke-Platyhelminthes
C) coral-Porifera
D) roundworm-Cnidaria
E) sponge-Arthropoda

Question 11

Sponges are generally protected from predators by the presence of calcium and silica crystals. These crystalline structures are called

A) amoebocytes.
B) osculum.
C) choanocytes.
D) spicules.
E) spongin.

Question 12

While exploring, you find an organism washed up on the beach. While inspecting the organism, you find it has two tissue layers and is radially symmetric. What type of organism did you find?

A) flatworms
B) cnidarians
C) roundworms
D) clams
E) fish

Question 13

If the cells of a sponge are separated, the cells will

A) reproduce sexually.
B) die.
C) form spicules for protection.
D) grow flagella and swim away.
E) reassemble into a new organized sponge.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about sponges is correct?

A) Sponges have many nerve fibers.
B) Sponges have well-developed muscle fibers.
C) Amoeboid cells are the sites of digestion in a sponge.
D) Sponges only reproduce asexually.
E) If a sponge cell becomes separated from the sponge body, it dies immediately.

Question 15

The following statements may apply only cnidarians, only to lophotrochozoans, or to both. Which of the following statements applies only to lophotrochozoans?

A) Organisms go through both bilateral and radial stages of development.
B) Most are found in shallow coastal marine environments.
C) There are two tissue layers: an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis.
D) Stinging cells contain a threadlike nematocyst released to capture prey.
E) A jellylike mesoglea contains cells that form a nerve net throughout the body.

Question 16

A sponge actually feeds by

A) actively capturing their prey with stinging cells.
B) drawing water in and out through the osculum.
C) producing water currents that flow through the pores into the central cavity and out through the osculum.
D) producing water currents that flow through the osculum into the pores and out through the central cavity.
E) photosynthesis.

Question 17

Animals that have no particular symmetry exhibit

A) asymmetry.
B) radial symmetry.
C) bilateral symmetry.
D) trilateral symmetry.
E) spherical symmetry.

Question 18

Which of these is a characteristic of sponges?

A) They are sessile filter feeders.
B) The body wall has two cell layers.
C) Flagellated collar cells move water.
D) Amoeboid cells transport food and make skeletal fibers and gametes.
E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of sponges.

Question 19

Which of the following organisms has a true coelom?

A) sponges
B) hydras
C) flatworms
D) roundworms
E) earthworms

Question 20

Which of the following is true about deuterostomes?

A) Deuterostomes have two tissue layers.
B) Cleavage is spiral.
C) The first opening during embryonic development becomes the anus.
D) The mesoderm arises from cells located near the embryonic blastopore.
E) Deuterostomes include the ecdysozoa and the spiralia.

Question 21

An adaptation exhibited by the tapeworm for survival in a host's intestine is

A) proglottids coated with calcium carbonate.
B) alkaline secretions from the scolex.
C) a protective lining of chitin.
D) releasing eggs before the proglottids reach the intestinal tract.
E) a tough integument resistant to the digestive fluids of the host.

Question 22

Planaria feed by

A) attaching to a food item with a sucker and extracting fluids.
B) tearing and sucking food particles via a muscular pharynx.
C) externally digesting food items and then ingesting the liquified food.
D) diffusing in nutrients from the environment through its thin epidermal surface.
E) filtering the water.

Question 23

Tapeworms are ectoparasites od various vertebrates, including humans.

Question 24

What part of a tapeworm contains both male and female sex organs and becomes filled with developing embryos?

A) proglottids
B) scolex
C) cyst
D) gastrovascular cavity
E) nematocyst

Question 25

Ascaris is considered to be a(n)

A) flatworm.
B) earthworm.
C) roundworm.
D) cnidarian.
E) arthropod.

Question 26

Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra?

A) a swimming medusa with mouth pointing downward
B) a swimming medusa with mouth pointing upward
C) a sessile medusa with mouth pointing upward
D) a polyp with mouth pointing downward
E) a polyp with mouth pointing upward

Question 27

The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which are located behind the head, are called

A) proglottids.
B) cercariae.
C) sporocysts.
D) scolexes.
E) glycocalyxes.

Question 28

A tapeworm infection could result from

A) eating insufficiently cooked pork.
B) being bitten by a mosquito.
C) ingesting eggs in contaminated water.
D) eating freshly peeled fruit.
E) wading in contaminated water.

Question 29

Which statement(s) about cnidarians is/are true?

A) Reproduction is both sexual and asexual.
B) Some forms are sessile and others are motile.
C) They live in either marine or freshwater environments.
D) They have specialized stinging cells that contain a toxin-filled capsule.
E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of cnidarians.

Question 30

Which of the following infections is associated with a flatworm?

A) hookworm
B) trichinosis
C) elephantiasis
D) tapeworm
E) pinworm

Question 31

A cnidarian moves via

A) nematocysts.
B) secreting a slime layer.
C) pseudopods.
D) muscle and nerve fibers.
E) contractile vacuoles.

Question 32

A floating Portuguese man-of-war is

A) a cubozoan.
B) merely an inflated, noncircular jellyfish.
C) a free-swimming polyp in the hydra group.
D) the first animal with all major organ systems.
E) a colony of polyps.

Question 33

What system do the cnidaria have that sponges lack?

A) respiratory
B) nervous
C) circulatory
D) excretory
E) reproductive

Question 34

The head region of a tapeworm is called the

A) proglottid.
B) cercaria.
C) sporocyst.
D) scolex.
E) glycocalyx.

Question 35

One of the many interesting features of flatworms are flame cells. What are flame cells used for?

A) light detection
B) storing sperm
C) digestion of food
D) generating body heat
E) excretion of excess water

Question 36

Larval Trichinella worms live in the

A) liver.
B) lungs.
C) lymph glands.
D) skeletal muscle of pork.
E) water.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is correct about the flatworms?

A) Flatworms have three complete tissue layers.
B) Flatworms may be either free living or parasitic.
C) Flatworms have a sac body plan, with only a mouth and no anus.
D) Most planaria are found in marine environments, but some dwell in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments.
E) All of the answer choices describe flatworms.

Question 38

Which of these parasitic worms is a fluke?

A) Ascaris
B) Trichinella
C) the worm that causes elephantiasis
D) hookworm
E) the worm that causes schistosomiasis

Question 39

Which of the following statements is/are correct about the roundworms?

A) There are three layers of tissues in the body.
B) Roundworms have a tube-within-a-tube body plan.
C) There is an internal body cavity called a pseudocoelom.
D) Roundworms have a smooth, unsegmented outside body wall.
E) All the answer choices are true statements about roundworms.

Question 40

Which of the following is characteristic of flukes?

A) Flukes are ectoparasites of invertebrates.
B) Most flukes have separate sexes.
C) Flukes are covered by a ciliated integument.
D) Flukes possess an oral sucker that is surrounded by a nonsensory papilla.
E) Flukes have a well-developed alimentary canal.

Question 41

Although the many organisms classified as molluscs vary tremendously in appearance, they are all classified in the same phylum because they

A) are segmented.
B) are predators.
C) have an external skeleton.
D) have a mantle, visceral mass, and a foot.
E) have shells.

Question 42

Clams, snails, sea slugs, and octopuses belong to the phylum

A) Annelida.
B) Mollusca.
C) Porifera.
D) Platyhelminthes.
E) Arthropoda.

Question 43

Which of the following is a characteristic of earthworms?

A) segmentation
B) expanded dorsal surface of the intestine called a typhlosole
C) hermaphroditic
D) paired nephridia in each segment
E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of earthworms.

Question 44

Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is true?

A) This is evidence of a primitive state that is generally less efficient than separate sexes.
B) This is primarily to allow them to self-fertilize if no other worm is in their sector of the soil.
C) This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter.
D) Maintaining any system not clearly male or female is disadvantageous; the earthworm is trapped in an evolutionary dead end.
E) This demonstrates how ineffective self-fertilization is as a means of reproduction.

Question 45

A closed circulatory system is found in

A) insects.
B) snails.
C) clams.
D) earthworms.
E) scorpions.

Question 46

Which of the following is an arthropod?

A) clams
B) squids
C) lobsters
D) nautiluses
E) snails

Question 47

Which group of organisms has eyes with a lens and a retina similar to those of vertebrates?

A) nematodes
B) gastropods
C) cephalopods
D) arthropods
E) echinoderms

Question 48

A major characteristic of the arthropods is the presence of

A) flame cells.
B) radial symmetry.
C) a soft exoskeleton.
D) a closed circulatory system.
E) jointed appendages.

Question 49

Fertilization in the earthworm is accomplished by the use of the

A) nephridia.
B) clitellum.
C) flame cells.
D) trachea.
E) typhlosole.

Question 50

The cephalopods resemble other molluscs because they have

A) complex eyes.
B) a siphon for jet propulsion.
C) a parrot-like beak for tearing prey.
D) well-developed brains with high learning capacity.
E) most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.

Question 51

Earthworms are

A) annelids.
B) molluscs.
C) echinoderms.
D) platyhelminthes.
E) arthropods.

Question 52

The largest animal group, both in number of species and number of individuals, is the

A) annelids.
B) crustacea.
C) insects.
D) reptiles.
E) fishes.

Question 53

An arachnid differs from a crustacean because

A) arachnids have book gills.
B) arachnids are mostly aquatic and crustaceans are mostly terrestrial.
C) only arachnids shed their exoskeletons.
D) arachnids have two major body segments, the cephalothorax and abdomen, while crustaceans have three body segments.
E) arachnids have four pairs of walking legs.

Question 54

The bristles that earthworms use to anchor themselves in the earth and pull themselves along are

A) aortic arches.
B) lateral ventricles.
C) setae.
D) parapodia.
E) nephridia.

Question 55

Which type of organism is characterized by having jointed appendages, ability to molt, and three sets of fused segments?

A) molluscs
B) echinoderms
C) arthropods
D) annelids
E) chordates

Question 56

When an earthworm secretes a slime layer to receive eggs and sperm and form a ''cocoon,'' this secretion is produced by the

A) annulations.
B) peritoneum.
C) clitellum.
D) nephridium.
E) prostomium.

Question 57

If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local clams because of high levels of toxins present in the water. Why?

A) Clams seasonally produce toxic substances.
B) Clams regularly consume poisonous red tide organisms.
C) Most native clams have been replaced by harmful exotic species.
D) Clams are filter-feeders and pollutants in the water become concentrated in their tissues.
E) The toxins contained in clams cannot be detoxified in the human digestive tract.

Question 58

Earthworms differ from most of the marine annelids in that earthworms

A) lack setae that marine annelids have.
B) lack paddle-like parapodia that marine annelids have.
C) have segments, while marine annelids do not.
D) develop from a larval form, while marine annelids do not.
E) have well-developed brains and sensory organs in the head region, while marine annelids do not.

Question 59

Which of these is a bivalve?

A) slug
B) octopus
C) earthworm
D) snail
E) oyster

Question 60

Which of the following is a feature of arthropods?

A) a solid ventral nerve cord
B) a variety of respiratory organs
C) a well-developed nervous system
D) jointed appendages and a segmented body
E) All of the answer choices describe features of arthropods.

Question 61

Which pair exhibits the closest phylogenetic relationship?

A) spider-tick
B) housefly-mite
C) earthworm-grasshopper
D) crayfish-planarian
E) scorpion-clam

Question 62

Which of the following organisms is lacking one of the five characteristics typically found in animals?

A) sponges, which have no true tissues but have two layers of cells that perform different functions
B) planaria, who have an incomplete digestive tract but do have muscles and excretory and reproductive systems
C) trypanosome, a single-celled organism that causes sleeping sickness in humans
D) leeches, segmented worms that are predatory on other animals
E) tapeworms, flatworms that infest the intestines of humans

Question 63

Which statement about arachnids is inaccurate?

A) Ticks and mites are often parasitic.
B) Spiders and scorpions are predators.
C) Spiders have trachea for respiration.
D) Spiders have a pair of fangs which release poison.
E) The body parts include a cephalothorax and an abdomen.

Question 64

The term deuterostome refers to

A) having a spiny skin.
B) having three germ layers.
C) possessing a notochord.
D) the second embryonic opening becoming the mouth.
E) the coelom forming by outpocketing of the primitive gut.

Question 65

The two layers of tissue in a hydra are

A) the epidermis, which covers and protects, and the inner layer that contains flame cells.
B) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis where cells that complete digestion are found.
C) the epidermis that contains flame cells, and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia.
D) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis that contains the nephridia.
E) the epidermis that covers and protects, and the gastrodermis that contains a ladder-like nervous system.

Question 66

An insect circulatory system is best described as

A) totally closed like ours, with arteries and veins.
B) similar to ours, with general closed vessels but no distinct arteries and veins.
C) an open system that mostly washes hemolymph "blood" through the hemocoel.
D) totally absent; each body cell manages on its own to gain food and gets rid of wastes.
E) containing five pairs of "hearts."

Question 67

Which of the following is a way that crayfish and grasshoppers are different?

A) Crayfish have an exoskeleton, while grasshoppers do not.
B) Grasshoppers have compound eyes, while crayfish have a simple eye.
C) Grasshoppers have well-developed nervous systems, while crayfish have a ladder network of nerves.
D) Grasshoppers have spicules and tracheal tubes that serve as the means of gas exchange, while crayfish have gills.
E) Crayfish have an open circulatory system, while grasshoppers have a closed circulatory system.

Question 68

"Derm" means "skin," so the name Echinodermata literally means

A) soft skin.
B) hairy skin.
C) spiny skin.
D) skinless.
E) three layers of skin.

Question 69

Which of the following is a characteristic of echinoderms?

A) radial symmetry in adults
B) endoskeleton of spiny, calcium-rich plates
C) bilateral symmetry in larva
D) both sexual and asexual reproduction
E) All of the answer choices describe characteristics of echinoderms.

Question 70

Which of the following organisms exhibit complete metamorphosis?

A) crayfish
B) starfish
C) grasshoppers
D) butterfly
E) lobsters

Question 71

The life cycle of animals

A) demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is haploid and the adult is diploid.
B) does not demonstrate alternation of generations. Both the zygote and the adult are haploid.
C) demonstrates alternation of generations, where the zygote is diploid and the adult is haploid.
D) does not demonstrate alternation of generations because only the spores are haploid.
E) does not demonstrate alternation of generations; gametes are haploid and the organism is diploid.

Question 72

Which group of animals have three pairs of legs, a tympanum for reception of sound waves, and Malpighian tubules for excretion?

A) starfish
B) lancelets
C) crayfish
D) grasshoppers
E) earthworms

Question 73

The insect organ most equivalent to the human lung in function is the

A) tracheae.
B) midgut.
C) crop.
D) gizzard.
E) Malpighian tubule.

Question 74

Which of the following statements about hydra morphology is correct?

A) The hydra has a long single tentacle containing numerous nematocysts.
B) The hydra has a single polyp that is filled with gas and keeps the organism afloat.
C) The hydra is bell shaped and has multiple tentacles.
D) The hydra is a tube-shaped polyp that has two layers of tissue.
E) The hydra is bilaterally symmetrical.

Question 75

Which statement about echinoderms is inaccurate?

A) The exoskeleton is made up of bony tissue.
B) Gas exchange occurs through gills on the skin.
C) Larvae are free-swimming and bilaterally symmetrical.
D) A water vascular system allows the tube feet to produce suction.
E) Symmetry is radial in the adult, usually with parts in fives or multiples of five.

Question 76

Which of the following would be classified in a phylum other than Echinodermata?

A) sea star
B) sea urchin
C) sea cucumber
D) sand dollar
E) crayfish

Question 77

Echinoderms and cnidarians

A) are both radially symmetrical.
B) both have three germ layers.
C) both have the sac body plan.
D) are both deuterostomes.
E) are both found in freshwater.

Question 78

Respiratory structures in insects are

A) commonly termed book lungs.
B) spiracles and tracheae.
C) hemolymphic.
D) lamellae.
E) lungs.

Question 79

In which way are crayfish and grasshoppers similar?

A) Both have tympanum for use in mating rituals.
B) Both have Malpighian tubules that function in the extraction of nitrogenous waste.
C) Both have spicules and a tracheal system for respiration.
D) Both have bodies that are composed of a cephalothorax and abdomen.
E) Both have antennae that have a sensory function.

Question 80

The major insect body parts are

A) head, cephalothorax, and abdomen.
B) cephalothorax, midsection, and abdomen.
C) head, thorax, and abdomen.
D) head, pyothorax, and metathorax.
E) head, cephalothorax, and genitalia.