Deck 14: Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

The fingerlike projections along the surface of the small intestine are called

A) mucosa.
B) lacteals.
C) capillaries.
D) villi.
E) appendices.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Sodium is considered one of the major minerals needed in the human diet.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In the body, glucose is stored in the liver as

A) starch.
B) protein.
C) glycogen.
D) fat.
E) amino acids.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which structure in figure 14.1 stores food, has limited digestion, and secretes HCl?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 5

Antioxidants are

A) toxic chemicals that must be avoided in the diet.
B) the breakdown products of protein digestion.
C) another name for free radicals.
D) chemicals found in fruits and vegetables that defend against free radicals.
E) only found in food supplements in pill form.

Question 6

In figure 14.1, which structure is the primary site for digestion and absorption of food?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 7

Inflammation of the gums is called

A) gingivitis.
B) periodontitis.
C) dental caries.
D) gumma infections.
E) gummitis.

Question 8

Which layer of the intestinal wall will first absorb nutrients from the lumen?

A) serosa
B) longitudinal muscle
C) circular muscle
D) submucosa
E) mucosa

Question 9

Water is absorbed primarily by the

A) large intestine.
B) duodenum.
C) stomach.
D) anal canal.
E) esophagus.

Question 10

Which organ in the human body produces maltase and peptidases?

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) small intestine
E) large intestine

Question 11

Which of the following types of lipids is least likely to cause cardiovascular disease?

A) cholesterol
B) trans saturated fatty acids
C) saturated fatty acids
D) unsaturated fatty acids
E) animal fats

Question 12

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the

A) pharynx.
B) larynx.
C) epiglottis.
D) glottis.
E) sphincter muscle.

Question 13

The pH of the stomach is usually about

A) 2.0.
B) 4.0.
C) 7.0.
D) 9.0.
E) 11.0.

Question 14

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called

A) constrictors.
B) dilators.
C) sphincters.
D) lacteals.
E) mucosa.

Question 15

In what order does a dentist drill through tooth layers?

A) dentin → enamel → pulp
B) enamel → dentin → pulp
C) enamel → pulp → dentin
D) pulp → dentin → enamel
E) dentin → pulp → enamel

Question 16

In figure 14.1, which structure is the liver?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 17

The body is unable to make any amino acids so all 20 of them must be acquired from a balanced diet.

Question 18

The main function of the esophagus is to

A) digest proteins.
B) digest carbohydrates.
C) transport food from the small intestine to the large intestine.
D) transport food from the mouth to the stomach.
E) transport food from the stomach to the large intestine.

Question 19

Which of the following is responsible for the storage of extra bile?

A) small intestine
B) liver
C) stomach
D) gallbladder
E) pancreas

Question 20

Which organ of the digestive tract functions to store food, kill bacteria, and partially digest proteins?

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) small intestine
E) large intestine

Question 21

Name the organ of the digestive tract that contains microvilli and absorbs nutrients.

A) large intestine
B) small intestine
C) stomach
D) appendix

Question 22

Which eating disorder is characterized by an irrational fear of getting fat, often associated with a perceived body defect?

A) anorexia nervosa
B) bulimia nervosa
C) binge-eating and purging
D) binge-eating
E) pica

Question 23

Which of these organs has no active role in chemical digestion?

A) mouth
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) small intestine
E) large intestine

Question 24

Which eating disorder is most commonly diagnosed among people who seek treatment?

A) EDNOS (eating disorders not otherwise specified)
B) anorexia nervosa
C) purging episodes
D) bulimia nervosa
E) binge-eating followed by purging

Question 25

Which eating disorder is associated with a binge of high-calorie foods and feelings of guilt followed by a purge cycle.

A) bulimia nervosa
B) binge-eating disorder
C) pica
D) anorexia nervosa
E) All of the answer choices are associated with a binge of high-calorie foods, and a feeling of guilt followed by a purge cycle.

Question 26

The digestive juices found in the stomach include

A) trypsin and bile.
B) trypsin and pepsin.
C) bile and hydrochloric acid.
D) amylase and trypsin.
E) pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

Question 27

The tongue consists of smooth muscle that is under voluntary control.

Question 28

Which eating disorder is most likely due to a person being depressed?

A) binge-eating disorder
B) bulimia nervosa
C) pica
D) anorexia nervosa
E) None of the answer choices is associated with depression.

Question 29

Which of the following is involved in digestion?

A) chewing of the food
B) churning and mixing of the food in the stomach
C) chemical digestion
D) enzymes breaking down proteins
E) All of the answer choices are involved in digestion.

Question 30

In humans, fats are absorbed

A) in the large intestine.
B) in the rugae of the stomach.
C) primarily into the blood capillaries.
D) primarily into the ducts of the lacteal of the small intestine.
E) by the liver.

Question 31

Starting from the inside of the esophagus and going to the outside, the layers of the digestive tract in sequence are

A) serosa → smooth muscle → submucosa → mucosa.
B) serosa → submucosa → smooth muscle → mucosa.
C) mucosa → smooth muscle → submucosa → serosa.
D) mucosa → submucosa → serosa → smooth muscle.
E) mucosa → submucosa → smooth muscle → serosa.

Question 32

A function of the human stomach is

A) to produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria.
B) to begin the absorption of most small food molecules, especially sugars.
C) storing food and mixing food with enzymes to begin the chemical digestion of proteins.
D) to pass food from the esophagus to the large intestine.
E) absorption of iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells.

Question 33

Which item will most likely be eaten by an individual who suffers from pica?

A) charcoal
B) cookies
C) cakes
D) ice cream
E) All of the answer choices are associated with pica.

Question 34

In humans, digestion of starch begins in the

A) mouth.
B) esophagus.
C) stomach.
D) duodenum.
E) large intestine.

Question 35

Which of the following can result if the large intestine becomes irritated and peristalsis increases?

A) constipation
B) diarrhea
C) appendicitis
D) ulcers
E) hernias

Question 36

Which of the following is a function of the digestive system?

A) chemical breakdown of food
B) mechanical breakdown of food
C) elimination of waste products
D) absorption of food molecules
E) All of the answer choices describe functions of the digestive system.

Question 37

Which eating disorder is the most common?

A) binge-eating disorder
B) pica
C) anorexia nervosa
D) bulimia nervosa
E) stomach ulcers

Question 38

People who are obese lack self-control and should just not eat as much.

Question 39

Which of the following features is associated with pica?

A) person is a greater risk for various poisoning
B) person has an irrational fear of getting fat
C) individual engages in extreme physical activity to avoid weight gain
D) person conducts self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse
E) individual frequently eats large amounts of food while feeling a loss of control

Question 40

Human salivary glands

A) produce an enzyme to begin the digestion of starch.
B) can swell when infected by the virus that causes mumps.
C) keep the mouth moist.
D) have ducts that open under the tongue.
E) All of the answer choices accurately describe the salivary glands.

Question 41

Which of the following statements about proteins in the diet is true?

A) Incomplete protein sources include meat, milk, and eggs.
B) Legumes, seeds, nuts, and grains are complete sources of proteins.
C) There is no limit to the amount of protein that should be consumed.
D) Amino acids are stored in the body, so we do not need a regular supply of protein in the diet.
E) Two servings of meat a day, each approximately the size of a deck of cards, is considered enough protein.

Question 42

Which of the following is considered an accessory gland in the digestive system?

A) pharynx
B) esophagus
C) stomach
D) cecum
E) pancreas

Question 43

Which of the following accurately describes an intestinal disorder?

A) diarrhea-very slow movement of feces through the large intestine
B) constipation- feces moving too quickly through the digestive tract
C) polyps-small growths on the epithelial lining that can become cancerous
D) hemorrhoids-a sexually contracted disease
E) hepatitis-inflammation of the pancreas

Question 44

What is the significance of Helicobacter pylori in the digestive system?

A) This is the major infectious cause of diarrhea.
B) Most ulcers are due to stomach infection with this bacteria.
C) This is the causative agent of "strep throat."
D) This species of bacteria is the main cause of the odor of feces.
E) This species of bacteria converts roughage into vitamin D.

Question 45

Obesity, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa are alike in that

A) all are difficult to treat and may be caused by a number of factors.
B) all involve eating far less than is required for the body to function.
C) all involve vomiting or purging after eating.
D) in all cases the person is actually starving to death regardless of their outside appearance.
E) in all cases the person is on a very restrictive diet.

Question 46

Which of the following human digestive enzymes is correctly matched to its substrate?

A) pepsin-starch
B) trypsin-nucleic acid
C) salivary amylase-protein
D) lipase-fat
E) maltase-glucose

Question 47

The release of secretin is stimulated by the action of

A) the alkaline material in the duodenum.
B) bile.
C) muscular contractions in the stomach.
D) nerves to the duodenum.
E) acid in the chyme within the duodenum.

Question 48

What is the function of sodium bicarbonate in the digestive tract?

A) destruction of bacteria
B) digestion of fat in the small intestine
C) neutralization of chyme arriving at the small intestine
D) breakdown of connective tissue in the stomach
E) activation of pepsin in the stomach

Question 49

Which of the following is a coenzyme needed for production of hemoglobin and formation of DNA?

A) iron
B) folic acid (folacin)
C) copper
D) sodium
E) calcium

Question 50

Which of the following is a function of the liver?

A) the production of bile
B) the production of blood proteins
C) the removal of blood toxins
D) the storage of iron and certain vitamins
E) All of the answer choices describe functions of the liver.

Question 51

The hepatic portal vein empties into the inferior vena cava.

Question 52

Which of the following is true of the duodenum?

A) It is a duct from the liver that introduces bile.
B) It is a pancreatic duct that introduces basic fluids to neutralize the stomach acid.
C) Highly acidic stomach contents enter the small intestine here.
D) It contains villi for absorption.
E) All of the answer choices are true statements about the duodenum.

Question 53

Secretin functions to stimulate the

A) release of bile.
B) release of pancreatic juices, particularly sodium bicarbonate.
C) release of gastrin.
D) release of CCK.
E) release of bile from the gallbladder and the release of pancreatic juices from the pancreas.

Question 54

Dietary fiber is important because

A) it slows down the movement of food through the large intestine.
B) it is an important nutrient for humans.
C) it may decrease the risk of colon cancer.
D) it increases the absorption of cholesterol.
E) All of the answer choices are reasons why dietary fiber is important.

Question 55

As food is processed and moves through the digestive tract it changes form several times. What is the correct order of the stages of food processing?

A) bolus → feces → chyme
B) bolus → chyme → feces
C) chyme → feces → bolus
D) chyme → bolus → feces
E) feces → bolus → chyme

Question 56

Which of the following will increase the risk of obesity?

A) sedentary activities
B) poor eating habits as a family
C) excessive intake of fatty foods
D) body fat content above 20% ideal body weight
E) All of the answer choices will increase the likeliness of obesity.

Question 57

Which of the following is an infectious cause of jaundice?

A) trauma
B) gallstones
C) cancer
D) alcoholism
E) hepatitis B

Question 58

Protein digestion takes place in the

A) mouth, stomach, and small intestine.
B) stomach and small intestine.
C) stomach, esophagus, and small intestine.
D) mouth and large intestine.
E) small intestine, large intestine, and mouth.

Question 59

Bacteria living in the large intestine

A) are a source of fiber.
B) can produce vitamins.
C) are found only in the appendix.
D) can produce excess acid.
E) are found only in the rectum.

Question 60

The hepatic portal vein is located between

A) the gallbladder and the liver.
B) the gallbladder and the small intestine.
C) the pancreas and the small intestine.
D) the small intestine and the liver.
E) the large intestine and the small intestine.

Question 61

Stacey is 5 foot 8 inches tall and weighs approximately 80 pounds, yet she thinks she is very fat. Which of the following accurately describes Stacey?

A) Stacey most likely suffers from anorexia nervosa.
B) Stacey is actually starving.
C) Stacey has probably stopped menstruating.
D) Stacey is in danger of dying.
E) All the answer choices accurately describe Stacey.

Question 62

If you vomit and stomach contents move out through the nose, there has been a failure of the

A) reflex action of reverse peristalsis.
B) trachea to cover the glottis.
C) soft palate to close off the nasopharynx.
D) larynx to move up.
E) glottis to retain food.

Question 63

Secretin, gastrin, and CCK in humans are

A) all enzymes used to digest food.
B) all hormones that control digestive secretions.
C) all breakdown products of digestion.
D) produced in the gut by an acid pH.
E) proteins found in the intestinal submucosa.

Question 64

Both the mucosa and submucosa are made of epithelial tissue.

Question 65

Which association is correct?

A) Periodontitis is a loss of bone and loosening of teeth that occurs in old age.
B) Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that can spread to the periodontal membrane.
C) The loss of 20 deciduous teeth is a natural process that occurs as a child.
D) Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils.
E) All of the answer choices are accurate associations.

Question 66

If the hepatic portal vein was blocked, blood would back up into the

A) inferior vena cava
B) capillaries of the small intestine
C) capillaries of the liver
D) hepatic artery
E) hepatic vein

Question 67

You can eliminate all fat from your diet without suffering any harmful effects.

Question 68

If we set up an experimental design to explore the full digestion of starch to glucose, we would need to include which enzymes?

A) pepsin and hydrochloric acid
B) amylase and maltase
C) trypsin and maltase
D) pepsin and lipase
E) trypsin and lipase

Question 69

Considering the U.S.D.A. recommended diet, which of the following statements is true?

A) Protein should come from only plant sources.
B) Refined grain products are a good source of complex carbohydrates and fiber.
C) The daily diet should contain large amounts of saturated fats.
D) Whole-grained carbohydrates should be eaten rarely, if at all.
E) Salt intake should be low.

Question 70

In humans, what is the sequence of fat digestion from the lumen of the small intestine to the bloodstream?

A) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in liver) → bloodstream
B) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in lacteal) → bloodstream
C) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell) → bloodstream
D) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell) → lacteal → bloodstream
E) lipids → fatty acid and glycerol (converted in liver) → lacteal → bloodstream

Question 71

Soft drinks are a good source of carbohydrates for the body.

Question 72

A woman is not getting enough calcium in her diet. One of the first symptoms she may experience would be

A) a broken bone.
B) anemia.
C) irregular heart beat.
D) muscle spasms.
E) night blindness.

Question 73

Which of the following represents a category of the MyPlate food guide symbol?

A) skim milk
B) orange
C) chicken breast
D) whole wheat bread
E) All of the answer choices represent a category of the MyPlate food guide symbols.

Question 74

Heartburn occurs when

A) the heart responds painfully to chemical changes due to diet.
B) bacteria cause the stomach lining to ulcerate.
C) the glottis fails to prevent food from entering the trachea.
D) some of the stomach contents escape back into the lower esophagus.
E) the bile duct is blocked.

Question 75

Which of the following diseases is/are associated with a deficient or excess nutrients in the diet?

A) scurvy
B) anemia
C) cardiovascular disease
D) osteoporosis
E) All of the answer choices are diseases associated with either deficiency or excess of nutrients.

Question 76

A person can fulfill all of their protein requirements without consuming any animal products.

Question 77

At body temperature, which of these combinations is most likely to result in the digestion of proteins?

A) water, pepsin
B) HCl, pepsin
C) bile, pepsin
D) sodium bicarbonate, pepsin
E) pepsin, HCl, sodium bicarbonate

Question 78

Crohn's disease is considered an autoimmune disease.

Question 79

Public health workers look for ways to prevent diseases. Which of the following jaundice-causing diseases has the potential to be reduced by public health measures?

A) obstructive jaundice caused by gallstones
B) obstructive jaundice caused by a cancerous tumor
C) hepatitis A by sewage control
D) cirrhosis caused by excessive alcohol consumption
E) hemolytic jaundice by blood screening

Question 80

You suddenly develop acute diarrhea. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

A) stress
B) consumption of spicy food
C) infection by a protozoan, bacterium, or virus
D) autoimmune disorder
E) genetic predisposition